Discrete Cosine Transformer Based Visual Secret Sharing With Chaos Visual Cryptography

I. Edwin Dayanand,R. K. Selva Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.10

With the increasing threats on multimedia information sharing, degradation of security is one of the most important concerns. Visual Cryptography is an emerging field for improving the security level by encoding the secret video using encryption scheme and performs computational free decoding process. The secret sharing through visual cryptographic techniques for multiple stack users is not sufficient in providing high percentage result on video sharing domain. Video sharing did not develop source key properties for individual frames and as a result the quality estimation strategy on video frame was not achieved. Moreover, the target rate constraint for video quality under the encryption-decryption was not achieved. This encryption-decryption target key rate declines on arranging multiple sequences of frames from multiple stack users. To improve the quality of visual secret video sharing scheme, a Discrete Cosine Transform Chaos Cryptographic (DCTCC) mechanism is proposed in this paper. The main objective of DCTCC is to enhance the security level of different level video frame using the encryption key properties. Initially, sender takes the video of differing frame length and compresses the video on image using the Discrete Cosine Transformer. The Discrete Cosine Transformer based visual secret sharing of video in the image takes the luminance values and provides high lossless compression. Second, the embedded video frame is encrypted to perform the secret sharing (i.e., visual cryptographic) using the chaos method. The Chaos method uses the enhanced RSA key properties to improve the video quality estimation strategy. Chaos method in DCTCC works effectively with non-linear dynamic set of video frames from users and also with the discrete time dynamical video cryptographic system. On the decryption side, the chaos method is applied in the reverse procedural order to fetch the video quality of video frames from original image. Experiment is conducted on factors such as mean square error rate, and secret video sharing efficacy level and encryption time.

영화적 시각의 변형에 대한 연구

장민용(Jang Min Yong) 한국영화학회 2004 영화연구 Vol.0 No.24

Experimental Films have been interested in the ways which reality transforms into unique, essential cinematic vision. Thus we have to seek to how to change real world into unique cinematic world. Many experimental filmmakers have changed the perceived vision into filmic vision throughout a lot of ways. Physical world which captured from camera lens transforms into cinematic world by recording on the celluloid. We can imagine that experimental film has developed throughout the ways which change representational imagery or studies on techniques. Historically, experimental filmmakers have shown an almost obsessive fascination with the relationship of the human eye to the camera eye. The eye is both the source of filmic vision and matrix for avant -garde film theories of perception. One important transforrnatory aesthetic has been a reexamination of the meaning of the single film frame. Heretofore, it has been common to view film's most basic unit as the 'shot' which is composed of many frames of film photographed from the same camera position. A film was thus simply a series of shots linked together by editing. By emphasizing the single frame, the filmmaker can intensify the viewing experience as more information can be squeezed into each single frame. It can also mean that the conventional illusion of motion is revealed. Another major part of the aesthetics of transformation lies in the questioning conventional film technique. Experimental film's technique can be much more open and diffuse compared to conventional film, In one sense, there are no technical mistakes in an experimental film, In fact, technical mistakes and flaws may better reveal the fabric of filmic reality by exposing illusions that conventional technique attempts to hide. Instead of an absolute hierarchy of technical laws, each experimental film must be evaluated independently by its own use of technique Experimental filmmakers have attempted to find out the interrelationship between camera and the person behind it. As the eye and camera lens become one, man and machine are united in a tenuous relationship. One critical feature of experimental film is the effort to make film a human, not a mechanical, form of art. In other words, filmic transformation means the desire of experimental filmmakers to change a mechanical means of perception into a human vision.

Video Segmentation and Key frame Extraction using Multi-resolution Analysis and Statistical Characteristic

Cho, Wan-Hyun,Park, Soon-Young,Park, Jong-Hyun 한국통계학회 2003 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.10 No.2

In this paper, we have proposed the efficient algorithm that can segment the video scene change using a various statistical characteristics obtained from by applying the wavelet transformation for each frames. Our method firstly extracts the histogram features from low frequency subband of wavelet-transformed image and then uses these features to detect the abrupt scene change. Second, it extracts the edge information from applying the mesh method to the high frequency subband of transformed image. We quantify the extracted edge information as the values of variance characteristic of each pixel and use these values to detect the gradual scene change. And we have also proposed an algorithm how extract the proper key frame from segmented video scene. Experiment results show that the proposed method is both very efficient algorithm in segmenting video frames and also is to become the appropriate key frame extraction method.

사이버 안보 국제규범의 세계정치: 글로벌 질서변환의 프레임 경쟁

김상배 세종연구소 2017 국가전략 Vol.23 No.3

Recently, various efforts have been made to search for international norms of cyber security. However, there is a pitfall to focus only on attempts to form norms in the framework of traditional international law and international organizations, such as the Tallinn Manual or the GGE activities of the United Nations. In order to cope with cyber threats with transnational and de-territorial nature, efforts are needed to see the formation of international norms in a more complex way. Based on this consciousness, this article does not focus only on the existing “inter-national” frame but also on the more complex configuration of international cyber security norms, which are is on the “inter-governmental” and “global governance” frames. We should note that these frames which are adopting to understand the international norms of cyber security are not merely neutral, but contain the political discourse and interests to reconstruct the future reality in a favorable direction. Behind the process of building the international norms of cyber security is the “frame competition” between the Western countries (such as the United States and the Western Europe) and the non-Western countries (such as Russia and China). To understand the pattern of this frame competition and the subsequent transformation of world order is a matter of national strategy that is of utmost importance for a middle power such as South Korea. 최근 사이버 안보의 국제규범을 모색하기 위한 노력이 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 그런데 기존 연구들은 탈린매뉴얼이나 유엔 정부전문가그룹(GGE) 활동 등과 같이, 전통적인 국제법과 국제기구의 틀을 빌어 진행되는 규범형성의 시도에만 주목하는 아쉬움이 있다. 초국적이고 탈영토적인 속성을 지닌 사이버 위협에 대처하기 위해서는 좀 더 복합적인 시각에서 국제규범의 형성을 보려는 노력이 필요하다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 이 글은 기존의 ‘국가간(inter-national)’ 프레임이외에도 ‘정부간(inter-governmental)’ 및 ‘글로벌 거버넌스(global governance)’의 프레임을 기반으로 하여 진행되고 있는 사이버 안보 국제규범의 복합적 형성에 주목하였다. 사이버 안보의 국제규범과 관련하여 원용되는 프레임은 단순히 중립적인 것이 아니라, 이를 통해서 미래 현실을 자신에게 유리한 방향으로 재구성하려는 담론과 이익을 그 바탕에 깔고 있다. 실제로 사이버 안보의 국제규범 형성과정의 이면에는 미국과 서구로 대변되는 서방 진영과 러시아와 중국으로 대변되는 비서방 진영이 글로벌 질서의 미래 구상을 놓고 벌이는 ‘프레임 경쟁’이 진행되고 있다. 이러한 프레임 경쟁과 거기서 파생되는 질서변환의 양상을 정확히 파악하고 대응하는 일은 한국과 같은 중견국에게 있어서는 더할 나위 없이 중요한 국가전략의 사안이 아닐 수 없다.

유길준의 국한문체 기획과 문화의 전환 : 신채호, 최남선과의 비교연구

임상석 우리어문학회 2012 우리어문연구 Vol.43 No.-

Yu Giljun's planning for Korean-Chinese Styles is innovative and original which can be arranged two; first, writing with syntactic consistency and norms and second, pursuing for new genre beyond the style and frame of prose in classical Chinese. However his planning cannot be succeed to contemporary general people and literati due to their incongruity with senses of time. In Korean-Chinese Styles' blooming time, modern enlightenment era is the transitional period, as breaking out from the shackles of classics in classical Chinese. Therefore, general people hesitate to accept another new norms for Korean-Chinese writing, by Yu. Also his new genre ,such as Seoyugyeonmun, is rather premature for general people and literati, considering traditional reading custom. Confronting convulsional political/cultural transformation, general people including literati cannot have time and breadth of mind for new genre beyond traditional culture in classical Chinese and usually contemporary literati cannot have time and information for writing new genre as modern as Yu's. As a result, representative writer in modern enlightenment era mass-communication, such as Shin Chaeho cannot adopt Yu's planning for his own Korean-Chinese Styles. However, Yu's planning can be effective references for some new intellects such as Choi Namseon, trained by modern educational systems and lay the groundwork for cultural transformation from 1910s to 1920s. The transformational process of Korean-Chinese Styles by Yu Giljun, Shin Chaeho and Choi Namseon is a representative indicator for apprehending cultural transformation in modern Korea. 문법적 일관성을 갖춘 국한문체 작문법과 한문 산문 체격을 벗어난 새로운 장르의 추구라는 유길준의 2대 국한문체 기획은 독창적이고 탁발한 것이었지만, 당대의 시대상과는 맞지 않는 측면이 있어 언중에 수용되지 못한 양상이다. 한문고전의 엄격한 속박에서 벗어나기 시작한 당대의 언중들은 유길준이 제시한 새로운 문법적 규범을 받아들이기 어려웠다. 또한, 유길준이 추구한 새로운 장르도 당시의 감상 습관으로는 시기상조인 측면이 있었다. 『서유견문』 같은 긴 호흡의 글을 작성하기 위해서는 많은 시간과 정보가 필요한데, 당시의 환경에서 국한문체 작가들은 그런 시간과 정보를 갖출 여력을 가지지 못한 경우가 대부분이었다. 그러므로 대부분의 국한문체 문장들은 익숙한 한문 산문의 압축미로 회귀하였고, 근대 초반의 작문 교본 및 총독부의 조선어급한문 독본들도 한문 산문 형식을 기본으로 삼아 작성되었다. 언중들의 습속으로는 『서유견문』 같은 근대적 단행본 성격의 글보다는 익숙한 한문 산문의 체격이나 장르적 연관성을 갖춘 국한문체 저술이 더 쉽게 받아들여졌을 것이다. 또한, 급박한 정세 속에서 장편의 글을 읽고 있을 여유가 적었음도 쉽게 추측할 수 있다. 결과적으로 신채호를 위시한 계몽기 언론의 주요 작가들은 유길준의 원칙을 따를 수 없었다. 그러나 유길준의 이와 같은 국한문체 구상은 최남선을 위시한 일군의 새로운 지식인들, 특히 근대적 교육을 이수한 이들에게 분명히 큰 참조점이 되었을 것이다. 『소년』, 『청춘』, 『시문독본』 등의 신문관에서 출간된 성과들은 문법적 일관성의 원칙에서는 어긋나지만, 한문 산문의 체격(體格)에서 벗어난 장르를 모색했다는 점은 유길준의 기획과 들어맞는 부분도 적지 않다. 그리고 이런 문체적 모색이 1920년대에 『개벽』등에서 본격적으로 나타난 문화의 전환 과정에 하나의 연원이 되었다는 점에서 유길준의 국한문체 기획은 근대계몽기 당대보다는 오히려 후대에 큰 영향력을 미쳤다고 평가할 수 있다. 유길준, 신채호, 최남선으로 이어지는 국한문체의 전환과정은 근대 문화의 전환을 보여주는 명징한 지표라 하겠다.

자율주행차량의 실시간 강건한 주행을 위한 연구

이대은(D. E. Yi),김정훈(J. H.. Kim),김영배(Y. B. Kim) 한국정밀공학회 2004 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.10월

In this paper, we describe a robust image processing algorithm to recognize the road lane in real-time. For the real-time processing, a detection area is decided by a lane segment of a previous frame and edges are detected on the basis of the lane width. For the robust driving, the global threshold with the Otsu algorithm is used to get a binary image in a frame. Therefore, reliable edges are obtained from the algorithms suggested in this paper in a short time. Lastly, the lane segment is found by hough transform. We made a RC(Radio Control) car equipped with a vision system and verified these algorithms using the RC Car.

Anomaly detection of isolating switch based on single shot multibox detector and improved frame differencing

Yuanfeng Duan,Qi Zhu,Hongmei Zhang,Wei Wei,Chung Bang Yun 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.28 No.6

High-voltage isolating switches play a paramount role in ensuring the safety of power supply systems. However, their exposure to outdoor environmental conditions may cause serious physical defects, which may result in great risk to power supply systems and society. Image processing-based methods have been used for anomaly detection. However, their accuracy is affected by numerous uncertainties due to manually extracted features, which makes the anomaly detection of isolating switches still challenging. In this paper, a vision-based anomaly detection method for isolating switches, which uses the rotational angle of the switch system for more accurate and direct anomaly detection with the help of deep learning (DL) and image processing methods (Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD), improved frame differencing method, and Hough transform), is proposed. The SSD is a deep learning method for object classification and localization. In addition, an improved frame differencing method is introduced for better feature extraction and a hough transform method is adopted for rotational angle calculation. A number of experiments are conducted for anomaly detection of single and multiple switches using video frames. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the SSD outperforms the You-Only-Look-Once network. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method have been proven under various conditions, such as different illumination and camera locations using 96 videos from the experiments.

회전하는 동기 좌표계 d-q 변환을 이용한 단상 능동 전력 필터의 새로운 제어기

강민구(Min Gu Kang) 대한전자공학회 2014 전자공학회논문지 Vol.51 No.6

회전하는 동기 좌표계 d-q 변환을 이용한 단상 능동 전력 필터의 새로운 제어기를 제안하였다. 힐버트 변환기를 사용하여 90°의 위상차를 가지는 두 개의 교류 신호를 만든다. 이 신호들을 회전하는 동기 좌표계 d-q 변환을 이용하여 기본파 성분을 직류로 변환할 수 있고 따라서 고조파 검출이 용이하다. 순시 유효 전력의 평균값을 구한다. 역률 보상을 하므로 전원 전류는 전원 전압과 동위상이다. 단상에서의 전력 공식으로부터 전원 전류의 크기를 알 수 있다. 능동 전력 필터의 보상 전류의 기준 신호는 전원 전류의 기준신호에서 부하 전류를 빼주면 구할 수 있다. 새롭게 제안된 제어기에 히스테리시스 전류 제어기를 적용하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. 능동 전력 필터가 부하전류의 고조파와 무효전력을 보상하여 전원 전류가 전원전압과 동위상이 되고 전원전류가 정현파에 가깝게 되는 것을 확인하였다. 힐버트 변환기는 전대역 여파기를 사용하여 구현하였다. A New Single Phase Active Power Filter Controller is proposed using Rotating Synchronous Frame d-q transformation. Instantaneous Active Power is calculated using d-q transformation. Average Value of Instantaneous Active Power is obtained using Low Pass Filter. Because power factor is corrected, source current is in phase with source voltage. Amplitude of source current is calculated using single phase power formula. Reference signal of compensated current of Active power filter is obtained from source current reference signal minus load current. Simulation is performed using hysteresis current controller in proposed new controller. Simulation result shows that because active power filter compensates load current, source current is in phase with source voltage and source current is sinusoidal. And Hilbert transformer is builded using all pass filter.

허프변환과 YOLO 기반의 골프공 궤적 추적

런자이 바이다,이상웅 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2021 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.2

드라이브나 티샷을 할 때 육안을 통해 수동적으로 골프공의 궤적을 시각화하는 것은 어려운 작업이 될 수 있는데, 그 이유는 공의 크기가 작고 공이 이동하는 속도가 빠르기 때문이다. 이러한 작업의 특성으로 인해 값비싼 센서 및 구성 요소를 사용하여 제조된 복잡한 장치가 항상 요구되어 왔습니다. 본 논문에서는 골프 티샷중 골프공의 궤적을 추적하는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 기존의 컴퓨터 비전 기술과 현대적인 심층 신경망을 결합하여 모노 스테레오 비디오에 궤적을 추적한다. 골프 볼 추적에 앞서, 골프공과 플레이어의 위치를 특정 짓기 위해 YOLO(You Only Look Once) V3 딥 신경망 모델을 사용한다. 우리는 클럽과 공 사이의 초기 충격 지점을 추적 하기 위해 허프 변환을 사용한다. 또한 볼을 추적하기 위해 차영상을 이용하여 비디오의 모션 정보를 추출한다. 제 안하는 시스템의 효과를 검증하기 위해 다수의 비디오에서 테스트되었으며 각각의 결과를 보여준다. Manually visualizing the golf ball's trajectories during a drive or a tee shot could be an unsettling task for viewers, the reason being the small size of the ball and the high speed at which it travels. This nature of the job has always required intricate systems manufactured using an expensive set of sensors and components. In this paper, we propose a system to draw the trajectory of a golf ball during a drive. The proposed system combines the classical computer vision techniques and a modern deep neural network to project the trajectories over videos taken from monocular cameras. Before starting to track the ball, the system uses YOLO(You Only Look Once) V3, deep neural network model to perform localization of the golf ball and the player. To track the initial point of impact between the club and the ball the system uses Hough transform. Finally to track the ball, the system extracts motion information of the video by using frame differencing. Unto the information received from frame differencing, the system applies filters based on a few assumptions, size and direction of movement to obtain the detections of the golf ball. The proposed system was tested on a multitude of videos to verify its effectiveness and the respective results are presented.

Lapped Transform을 이용한 효율적인 분산 동영상 부호화 시스템 및 성능해석

강수경(Soo-kyung Kang),이창우(Chang-woo Lee) 한국통신학회 2011 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.36 No.9