자율제어시스템의 효과적인 시뮬레이션 모델링 형식론

장대순,조강훈,천상욱,이상진,박상철 한국품질경영학회 2018 품질경영학회지 Vol.46 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an effective simulation modeling formalism for autonomous control systems, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned surface vehicles. The proposed simulation modeling formalism can be used to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of autonomous control systems. Methods: The proposed simulation modeling formalism is developed by extending the classic DEVS (Discrete Event Systems Specifications) formalism. The main advantages of the classic DEVS formalism includes its rigorous formal definition as well as its support for the specification of discrete event models in a hierarchical and modular manner. Results: Although the classic DEVS formalism has been a popular modeling tool, it has limitations in describing an autonomous control system which needs to make decisions by its own. As a result, we proposed an extended DEVS formalism which enables the effective description of internal decisions according to its conditional variables. Conclusion: The extended DEVS formalism overcomes the limitations of the classic DEVS formalism, and it can be used for the effectiveness simulation of autonomous weapon systems.

등기를 하여야 부동산물권변동의 효력이 발생하는 현행 입법주의에 대한 평가

이상태 한국토지법학회 2013 土地法學 Vol.29 No.1

The current Civil Act had made a historic turn from the so-called Intentionism(the change in a real right over an immovable is enough to take effect between the contract parties by a contract alone, but it cannot be set up against any third party, unless it is registered) to the so-called Formalism(the registration is needed for the change in a real right by a juristic act over an immovable to take effect so far as between the contract parties). The purpose of this theses is to evaluate, in the light of legislative intent and the ideal type of registration system, how to have been settled and unfolded, whether there exists any theory contrary to the Formalism, and if so, how to complement and improve it, now at this occasion as more than half a century has passed since the Civil Act effected. In this theses, to begin with, the conclusion is derived that the Formalism is to be maintained, if the following theories and judicial precedents which hinder or make the Formalism meaningless are improved, because regression again to the Intentionism would cause more confusions from abandoning the Formalism. First, even though the Act on Special Measures for the Registration of Real Estate enforces registration of ownership transfer on an immovable within a certain period of time, in view of reality that many still do not register, it would be desirable to put mandatory provision which enforces registration of ownership preservation within a certain period of time. On the other hand, although inheritance is one of changes in a real right pursuant to provisions of law, there is a need also to enforce registration of inheritance, because many complex legal disputes arise without doing registration of inheritance for a long time. Second, the registration institutions should steadily be adjusted and improved in order the Formalism may fully excel its true worth. It can be said that it is ideal for the registration system to disclosure not only the current true real rights but also the true processes or causes of a real estate transaction. However, our judicial precedents up to now take the standpoint that the registration which only discloses the true real right is valid, even though it does not discloses the processes or causes of a real estate transaction. So, that standpoint should be avoided. Third, the most urgent thing is to thraw away the theories of judicial precedents which do not comply with the Formalism or still have remnants of the Intentionism. For example, the judicial precedents in regard to the extinctive prescription of claim for registration of a purchaser who does not register, the nature of resale of a purchaser who does not register, the validity of registration from the first seller to the final purchaser omitting the intermediate purchaser, the presumption of intention of holding as owner for the purchaser who buys an unregistered immovable, the relation between the person who has completed the requisites of aquisitive prescription and a third party, should be thoroughly reexamined. Fourth, the change in a real right over an immovable through stipulations of law, not by a juristic act, takes effect without registration, because the Formalism does not impose upon that change. So the establishment of each statutory real right needs to be strictly interpreted and the absurdities which each statutory real right( for instance, 'Right of Rerention', 'Statutory Superficies by Customary Law', 'Right for Grave Site') has should be removed as soon as possible. 현행 「민법」은 부동산물권변동에 관하여 구 「민법」이 취하고 있었던 이른바 의사주의로부터 이른바 형식주의로 전환하였다. 본 논문은 우리 「민법」이 시행된 지 반세기를 넘기고 있는 차제에 처음의 입법취지와 등기 제도 자체의 이상에 비추어 부동산물권변동에 관한 형식주의가 그동안 어떻게 확립되고 전개하여 왔는지, 그리고 전개된 이론 중에는 형식주의에 어긋나는 것들이 없는지, 있다면 앞으로 어떠한 점들을 보완 또는 개선할 필요가 있는지를 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하여 작성되었다본 논문은 먼저 이제는 형식주의를 버리고 다시 의사주의로 회귀하는 것은 더 큰 혼란이 야기될 것이므로, 형식주의는 유지되어야 하되 다만 앞으로 형식주의를 무의미하게 하거나 후퇴시키는 학설과 판례의 이론들은 개선되어야 한다는 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 현재 「부동산등기특별조치법」이 부동산에 관한 소유권이전등기를 일정한 기간 내에 하도록 강제하고 있으나, 아직도 등기를 하지 않는 경우가 많은 현실에 비추어 소유권보존등기의 경우에도 일정기간 내에 등기를 신청하는 강제규정을 두는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각된다. 한편 상속은 법률의 규정에 의한 물권변동의 경우이기는 하지만, 장기간 상속등기를 하지 않음으로써 복잡한 법적 분쟁이 많이 생기고 있기 때문에 일정 기간 내 상속등기의 신청을 강제하는 방법도 고려해 볼 필요가 있다. 둘째, 형식주의가 진가를 발휘하기 위해서는 등기제도가 꾸준히 정비되고 개선되어 나가야 한다. 등기제도는 현재의 진실한 물권관계뿐 아니라 부동산의 거래과정도 진실 그대로 공시하는 것이 이상적이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 판례가 부동산등기는 현재의 진실한 권리상태를 공시하면 그에 이른 과정이나 태양을 그대로 반영하지 아니하였어도 유효하다고 하는 것은 지양되어야 한다. 셋째, 무엇보다 시급한 것은 형식주의와 부합되지 않거나 아직도 의사주의의 잔재가 남아 있는 것으로 생각되는 판례의 이론들을 떨쳐버리는 일이라 하겠다. 예컨대 부동산에 관한 미등기매수인의 등기청구권의 소멸, 미등기 전매의 성질, 중간생략등기의 유효성, 미등기부동산 매수인의 자주점유의 추정, 점유취득시효완성자와 제3자와의 관계 등에 관한 종래의 판례는 전면적으로 재검토할 필요가 있다. 또한 법률관계가 내부적․외부적관계로 분열되는 것으로 해석하는 경우가 가급적 발생하지 않도록 노력하여야 할 것이다. 넷째, 우리 「민법」상 법률행위에 의하지 않은 부동산물권변동은 형식주의가 관철되지 않음으로써 등기 없이도 그 효력이 발생하기 때문에 각각의 법정물권들의 성립을 엄격히 해석할 필요가 있으며 나아가 유치권․관습법상의 법정지상권․분묘기권 등 각 물권마다 안고 있는 부당한 점은 입법을 통하여 하루 속히 제거할 필요가 있다고 하겠다.

러시아 형식주의 : 혁명적 문학이론의 기원

김수환 한국러시아문학회 2017 러시아어문학 연구논집 Vol.57 No.-

Тhe purpose of this paper is to reexamine the legacy of Russian formalism not only as one of the most groundbreaking theoretical systems from the last century but also in terms of a characteristic original point for revolutionary literary theory itself. While retrospectively looking back at its short but intense trajectory of development with the background of Bolshevik Revolution in Russia 100 years ago, we intend to underscore the multifaceted ways that representative theorists of formalism had disappeared from the historical stage of revolution, that is, ending scenery(/scenario) of formalism, alongside with the well-known high-profile appearance of Russian formalism. From the perspective of today, what is more interesting than the actual historical path of formalism is the alternative route that it could have gone, but had not stepped on, so-called “unexplored possibilities” of formalism. Origin is a point of `exceptional openness` in which pluralities of potentialities to be manifested later are ejected at once. Russian formalism is offered to us today as that kind of origin for revolutionary literary theory, namely the first place where `fundamental questions` about literature have been raised for the first time. Just like the Russian Revolution did when it happened exactly 100 years ago.

시간 페트리네트를 DEVS 형식론으로 변환하는 알고리즘

김영찬,김탁곤 한국시뮬레이션학회 2002 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.11 No.2

Petri nets is a widely used formalism for specification and analysis of concurrent systems which is a subclass of discrete event systems. The DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification) formalism provides a general framework for specification of discrete event systems in a hierarchical, modular form. Often, modeling a discrete event system may employ both Petri Nets and DEVS formalism. In such a case low-level operational logics are modeled by Petri Nets and high-level managements by the DEVS formalism. Analysis of the system requires simulation of the overall system. This paper presents an algorithm for transformation of Petri Nets to DEVS formalism. The transformation enables modelers to simulate an overall system, which consists of DEVS models and Petri Nets models, in a unified DEVS simulation environment such as DEVSim++. An example for such transformation will be given.

미국 연방대법원의 헌법해석의 진화와 쟁점

鄭永和 ( Young Hoa Jung ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2015 홍익법학 Vol.16 No.4

Most Constitutional theories of United States America has been stemmed from the theory of judicial review of the Supreme Court since the case of Mabury v. Madison in 1803, and the theory of Constitutional Law interpretation has conflicted legal-formalism and anti-formalism in American legal history. This article took an account of the evolution and their issues of U.S. Supreme Court``s Constitutional interpretation theory following as: First, I assumed the differences between the value-neutral judging of legal-formalism and the value-choice judging of anti-formalism as a fundamental theory of U.S. constitutional interpretation. Second, I had to take into consideration of Originalism``s issues of constitutional adjudication of value-neutral orientation which have been evolved an original intent, original meaning, Dworkin``s semantic originalsim, and Balkin``s living originalism so far. Third, it is covered with what is differences between Originalism and Functionalism as anti-formalism, which defends for judge``s choice of value in U.S. Supreme court``s Constitutional Adjudication, concerning about the doctrine of separation of power. Lastly, while German constitutional interpretation oriented ``value formalism`` as model of constitutional adjudication, has firmly influenced with Korean constitutional culture so far, I have to take into consideration of the approach of constitutional sociology which alludes to escape ``politicization of judiciary`` by application to Balkin``s ``living originalism`` now.

Formalism vs. Functionalism: which one is better?

김재민 대한언어학회 2008 언어학 Vol.16 No.4

The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 16(4), 267-282. Though functional analyses of grammatical phenomena are appealing to those who believe that integrated analyses are mush explanatory power, it is true that they are immensely influenced from formal theories. Also, because there are many different kinds of functional approaches we have tried to categorize them. Differently from other linguists, I have categorized them into four groups: formal and sentence-level(FSF), mixed and sentence-level(MSF), typological(TF), and discourse-level functionalism(DF). I think TF and DF cannot be compared with formalism because their targets of explanation are different. For FSF and formalism, though they look very apart from each other superficially, I think there is no fundamental incompatibility in their central tenets. And I am quite pessimistic that any insightful bridge will ever be cast between MSF and formalism. I think it is the best for a linguist to follow his scientific temperament.

형식주의의 재해석: 딜레마 측면에서

소영진 ( Young Jin Soh ),안성민 ( Song Min Ahn ) 한국행정학회 2011 韓國行政學報 Vol.45 No.3

행정학에서 형식주의는 제도와 관행의 괴리를 지칭하는 개념으로서 대체로 부정적인 의미를 가지고 있었다. 그러나 딜레마 연구에서는 형식주의가 발생하는 원인을 딜레마 대응행위에서 찾음으로써 형식주의에 대한 새로운 평가의 필요성을 제기하였다. 하지만 그동안의 연구에서는 실제 다양한 상황에서 나타나는 형식주의의 형태나 함의를 종합적으로 고찰하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 정책결정단계에서의 딜레마 인지 여부와 집행단계에서의 딜레마 대응 양상에 따라 나타나는 상이한 형식주의의 발생원인, 양태 등을 각각의 사례를 통하여 체계적으로 분석하고, 그 함의를 종합적으로 고찰하고자 한다. In public administration studies, formalism indicates a gap between institution and practice. It has had a somewhat negative connotation. Recent dilemma studies looked upon it as one of reactions to dilemma, and suggested a possibility for reappraisal of formalism. But these studies couldn`t produce a systematic and overall view of various aspects of formalism. In this essay, we pay attention to the possibility that dilemma perceptions in the policy decision-making process and dilemma reactions in the policy implementation process could create various sorts of formalism. We therefore conduct policy case studies on various situations involving dilemma and find the causes, forms, and meanings of formalism in each case.

Formalism vs. Functionalism: which one is better?

( Jae Min Kim ) 대한언어학회 2008 언어학 Vol.16 No.4

Though functional analyses of grammatical phenomena are appealing to those who believe that integrated analyses are mush explanatory power, it is true that they are immensely influenced from formal theories. Also, because there are many different kinds of functional approaches we have tried to categorize them. Differently from other linguists, I have categorized them into four groups: formal and sentence-level(FSF), mixed and sentence-level(MSF), typological(TF), and discourse-level functionalism(DF). I think TF and DF cannot be compared with formalism because their targets of explanation are different. For FSF and formalism, though they look very apart from each other superficially, I think there is no fundamental incompatibility in their central tenets. And I am quite pessimistic that any insightful bridge will ever be cast between MSF and formalism. I think it is the best for a linguist to follow his scientific temperament.

연구논문 : 동아시아의 형식주의 -세속화와 의례행위에 대한 비교철학적 고찰-

박상환 ( Sang Hwan Bak ) 한국동서철학회 2013 동서철학연구 Vol.68 No.-

동아시아 전통사회의 사회적 의례행위에 담긴 형식주의를 베버의 합리성 개념과 비교하는 것이 이 논문의 목적이다. 베버는 도덕적 방향성이 결핍된 관료제적 구조에 나타나는 역설적 합리성 즉 형식적 합리성과 실질적 합리성의 모순을 ‘쇠우리’로 비유한다. 서양보다 일찍 형식화된 동양의 사회적 의례행위는 통상 유가적 예치시스템의 구조에서 해석되고 있다. ‘주자가례’에서 보듯 의례행위의 예측가능성은 일상생활을 영위하는 사회 구성원으로서의 개인에게 일종의 규제성과 동시에 해방성을 담지하고 있다. 이러한 제한된 측면에서 전통 동양사회의 형식주의는 일종의 역설적 합리성을 가지고 있다고 해석하고자 한다. 이 논문에서는 사회적 의례행위를 종교적 의례와 의식의 차원에서 논의하는 것이 아니라, 사회적 합리화 과정에서 분석을 시도한다. 그 과정을 근대화로 표현할 수 있다면 신체의 세속화라는 측면에서 사회적 의례행위를 비교철학적 관점에서 분석하여, 동아시아의 형식주의는 서양의 근대보다 이른 시기에 합리성을 발전시켰다는 결론에 도달한다. 다시 말해 서양과는 다른 도정을 통해 나름의 근대성을 발전시켰다고 해석할 여지가 있는데, 여기에는 베버의 쇠우리 비유가 의미하는 합리성의 양면이 존재한다. In the Western World, the ``formality`` is a reasonable framework, and its value is justly evaluated. On the other hand, in the East Asia, the ``formality`` is reminded as a strict Confucian morals in the traditional society, and tends to be negatively evaluated. However, ``excess`` of formality is the essence of modernity regardless of western or eastern worlds. The East Asian formality should be re-evaluated from the modern context. we reflected some problems in East Asian interpretation about the ``modernity`` from the ``mutual culture-philosophical`` viewpoint. Besides, we reviewed existing studies discussing the East Asian modernity. The research about the East Asian modernity needs to be chanced from the contents-centering one as a software to the formality-centering ones as a hardware. The modern meaning of Yaehak theory(learning about manners) in Joseon Dynasty was analyzed centering Horkheimer`s philosophy. Additionally, We examined the relationship between the Yae(禮, manners) of Confucianism and Korean modernization. And We insistently researched the matter of ``formality`` centering the neo-Confucianism(朱子) theory. dealt with the meaning and limits of enlightenment in China in modern times in the contexts of ``democracy`` replacing the ``Yaegyo(Manners Education) and the ``science`` dismantling the ``Confucianism``. We considered the fact that Yae(manners) accompanies the natural law factor and the modern positive law factor together. The ``excess of formality`` shown in 禮治主義(Politics by Manners) should be evaluated from the same context as the suppression of formal rationality happened in the western word in modern area.

한스릭의 형식주의 음악미학

박영선(Park, Young-Sun) 한국문화융합학회 2018 문화와 융합 Vol.40 No.5

본 논문은 형식주의 음악이론을 대표하는 한스릭에 대한 연구를 목표로 한다. 예술을 정의하는 이론에는 형식주의 이론과 표현이론이 있는데, 이 이론들은 주로 조형예술을 중심으로 형성된 개념이다. 형식주위 이론은 20세기 중반에 미국을 중심으로 번성한 추상주의 미술을 설명하는데 유리하며, 표현주의 이론은 르네상스 이후 모방을 추구한 회화나 20세기 초 내적 감정의 표현을 강조한 표현주의 미술을 설명하는데 유리하다. 두 이론은 모든 시대와 모든 예술장르에 타당한 보편적인 이론이 아니라 조형예술을 설명하는데 유리한 장점을 지니고 있다. 예술이론이 주로 조형예술을 중심으로 형성되었다면 음악은 과연 어떠한 이론으로 보다 적절히 설명될 수 있을까? 음악사를 보면 르네상스 음악과 바로크 음악은 성악곡이 주류를 이루었기 때문에 음악에는 고유한 언어가 있다는 생각이 저변에 깔려 있었다. 이것을 대표하는 이론이 표현주의 이론이다. 하지만 19세기에 기악곡이 음악의 패러다임으로 자리를 잡으면서 형식주의가 음악학에서 영향력을 행사한다고 볼 수 있다. 한스릭은 음악이 주는 효과를 음악 자체와 구별하여 순수 음악적 요소를 강조하는 절대음악을 옹호하였다. 한스릭은 ‘음악은 감정의 표현’이라는 감정미학을 비판함으로서 음악을 감정의 종속으로부터 해방시켰다. 한스릭에게 감정은 음악적 아름다움의 부수적 영향이며 이차적인 것이다. 대신 한스릭은 “음악의 내용은 음으로 울리는 움직이는 형식들이다”라고 정의한다. 음악은 특정한 정서의 내용을 담고 있는 것이 아니라 오직 들리는 음 형식이라는 것이다. 한스릭의 음악사상의 연구를 위해 먼저 한스릭이 비판하였던 ‘감정 미학’에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 한다. 이를 위해 첫 번째, 감정 미학이 탄생하게 된 고대 그리스의 미학사적 맥락을 살펴볼 것이다. 두 번째, 감정미학의 연장선에 있으면서도 기악 음악을 통해 예술의 자율성과 절대음악을 옹호하였던 낭만주의와 한스릭의 음악 사상에 영향을 끼쳤던 당시 비엔나에서 유행하던 대중적인 낭만적 음악들에 대하여 살펴볼 것이다. 세 번째, 한스릭의 감정미학에 대한 비판과, 네 번째, 음악의 본질과 음악의 아름다움에 대한 한스릭의 음악미학을 살펴본다. 결론에서는 한스릭의 음악 사상의 긍정적인 면과 한계점을 약술하고 글을 마무리할 것이다. This paper aims to comprehend Hanslick’s theory of music which represents formalism. There are formalism theory and expression theory that define art, and these theories are mainly formed on the basis of formative arts. Formalism theory is advantageous in explaining abstract art that flourished in the United States in the middle of the 20th century. Expression theory is advantageous in explaining expressive art that emphasizes the expression of internal emotions in the early 20th century. Both theories have advantageous in explaining plastic arts, not universal theories that are valid for all art genres. If art theory developed mainly on the basis of plastic arts, what theory can properly explain music? In the history of music, vocal music was mainstream in Renaissance music and baroque music, so the idea that music had its own language lay underneath. Expressionism is the theory that represents this position. But in the 19th century, instrumental music takes its place as a paradigm of music, so that formalism influences musicology. Hanslick advocated absolute music that emphasizes pure musical elements by distinguishing the effects of music from the music itself. Hanslick liberated music from the subordination of emotion by criticizing the emotional aesthetics of music as an expression of emotion. For Hanslick, emotions are secondary effects of musical beauty. Instead, Hanslick defines that “the content of music is tonally moving forms.” Music is not the content of a particular emotion, but only the form of sound. In order to study Hanslick’s musical thought, one must first of all understand the emotional aesthetics that Hanslick criticized. First, I will explore the context of ancient Greek aesthetic history in which emotional aesthetics was born. Secondly, I will explore the romanticism and popular romantic music. The romanticism which was an extension of emotional aesthetics advocated artistic autonomy and absolute music through instrumental music, and popular romantic music that was popular in Vienna influenced Hanslick’s musical thought. Third, I will explore Hanslick’s criticism of emotional aesthetics. Fourth, I will explore Hanslick’s musical aesthetics about the essence of music and the beauty of music. In conclusion, I will summarize the positive aspects and limitations of Hanslick s musical thought and conclude the essay.