Focus on Form에 기반한 한국어 교재 분석

마에무라카즈아키(Maemura Kazuaki) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.24

본 연구는 한국어 교재에서의 Focus on Form의 종류와 기법의 반영 현황을 고찰 하였다. 2000년 이후 개발된 교재와 최근에 개발된 교재 5권을 선정하여 관형사형 어미의 내용이나 활동만에 주목하였다. 종류는 선행적Focus on Form와 후행적 Focus on Form의 분류이고 기법은 구성 요건을 밝힌다. 한국어 교재 중의 내용이나 활동을 오류 조치의 시기에 따라 선행적 것과 후행적 것으로 분류한 후 이들을 이루는 기법 및 기법의 짝을 밝혔다. 문법 설명은 선행적Focus on Form, 문법 연습과 과제는 후행적Focus on Form에 해당한다. 문법 설명은 입력 관련 기법, 문법 연습은 출력 강화로 이루어진다. 과제나 대화 연습은 출력 강화-상호작용으로 이루어진다. 문법 연습이 1개 기법인 반면 그 이외는 2개 기법으로 이루어진다. 종류와 기법의 상관성은 입력 관련 기법으로 이루어지는 문법 설명이 선행적Focus on Form에 해당하고 출력 강화 · 상호작용으로 이루어지는 문법 연습, 대화 연습, 과제가 후행적 Focus on Form에 해당한다. 내용이나 활동마다 적용하는 시기와 방법이 달라서 이를 적절한 때에 타당한 방법으로 제공해야지 Focus on Form의 지도라 할 수 있다 The purpose of this paper analyzes the types and techniques of Focus on Form in Korean textbooks that published after 2000 and recently published ones. Type refers to the timing of the error action and technique refers to how to apply the error action. Categorize the contents or activities as before or after depending on the timing of the error action and investigate the technique that consists of the contents or activities. The grammar explanation is applied before errors and The grammar exercise · task are applied after errors. The grammar exercise consists of one technique but the other activity consists of two techniques. The grammar explanation are applied to two techniques before errors. The grammar exercise and task are applied two techniques after errors. The contents or activities differ timing and method to apply Focus on Form. Focus on Form is provided in suitable timing and technique.

Use of Time Reversal Techniques for Focusing of Ultrasonic Array Transducer Beams

Kim, Hak-Joon,Song, Sung-Jin,Thompson R. Bruce,Kim, Jae-Hee,Eom, Heung-Sup The Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing 2006 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.26 No.3

For enhancement of flaw detactability using array transducers, focusing of ultrasonic waves on a target in an inhomogeneous medium or through a complex geometry is important. But focusing can be strongly degraded by geometrical distortion of field radiated by the array transducers or by sound speed fluctuations in the propagating medium. In recent years, the time reversal technique has been proposed. Thus, in this paper, we describe the basic principal of the time reversal technique for focusing. Then, the implementation results of the time reversal technique for ultrasonic inspections using bulk waves and guided waves generated by array transducers are presented.

경사입사 초음파에서 계면 접촉 음향 비선형성에 의해 발생한 고조파의 영상화

윤동석(Dongseok Yun),최성호(Sungho Choi),김정석(Chungseok Kim),장경영(Kyung-Young Jhang) 한국비파괴검사학회 2012 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구에서는 닫힘균열의 조기발견을 위해서 경사입사 초음파를 이용하여 계면 접촉 음향 비선형성에 의해 발생한 고조파를 영상화하고자 한다. 알루미늄 시편 두 개를 접촉하여 고체-고체 접촉계면을 만들어 닫힘균열을 모사하였고, 접촉계면 압력에 따른 초음파의 음향 비선형을 영상화하였다. 영상화 기법으로는 sampling phased array(SPA)와 synthetic aperture focusing technique(SAFT) 기법을 사용하였다. 접촉계면 압력이 증가하면서 기본 주파수의 성분은 감소하였고 2차 고조파 성분은 증가하다가 닫힘균열로 모사된 부분에서 가장 큰 값을 나타내고 이후에는 감소하였다. 결과적으로 접촉계면에서 음향 비선형성에 의해 발생한 고조파를 영상화 하는 것이 가능하며 이는 초기균열의 조기발견에 적용 가능할 것으로 기대 된다. The objective of this study is to image the harmonic wave generated by contact acoustic nonlinearity in obliquely incident ultrasonic wave for early detection of closed cracks. A closed crack has been simulated by contacting two aluminum block specimens producing solid-solid contact interfaces and then acoustic nonlinearity has been imaged with contact pressure. Sampling phased array(SPA) and synthetic aperture focusing technique(SAFT) are used for imaging techniques. The amplitude of the fundamental frequency decreased with appling pressure. But, the amplitude of second harmonic increased with pressure and was a maximum amplitude at the simulation point of closed crack. Then, the amplitude of second harmonic decreased. As a result, harmonic imaging of contact acoustic nonlinearity is possible and it is expected to be apply for early detection of initial cracks.

위상배열 유도초음파 검사의 이론적 고찰

이재선(Jaesun Lee),조윤호(Younho Cho),Jan D. Achenbach 한국비파괴검사학회 2011 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.31 No.4

유도초음파를 활용한 진단 기술은 기존의 체적파를 이용한 진단 기법과 달리 장거리 진단의 장점 때문에 널리 사용된다. 대부분의 산업현장에서는 배관이 코팅되어 있거나 땅속이 묻혀있다. 이러한 경우 감쇠의 영향으로 기존의 방식으로는 진단에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 배관에서 전파되는 유도초음파 전파 모드별 음장을 직교모드확장기법을 이용하여 계산하였다. 단일 탐촉자에 의해 전파되는 유도초음파의 음장과 다중 탐촉자 모델링을 바탕으로 배관에서 전파되는 음장 특성을 해석하기 위해 유도초음파 모드별 집속 기술이 사용되었다. 추가적으로 배관에서 전파되는 유도초음파를 가진하는 탐촉자의 개수에 따른 집속 민감도가 종형 모드와 휨형 모드를 이용하여 계산되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 단일 탐촉자에 의해 가진된 유도초음파와 집속 알고리즘을 적용한 다중 탐촉자에 의해 가진된 음장을 비교하여 높은 에너지가 집속 되는 것을 확인 하였다. Guided waves inspection techniques that are different with inspection technique by bulk waves are widely used in pipe line evaluation due to advantages of long distance inspection. However, most of pipe lines at industrial fields are buried and/or coated. In this case, due to the attenuation effect from soil and/or coating material, there are a lot of difficulty on inspection by conventional ultrasonic technique. In this paper, guided waves propagating patterns are calculated with respect to excitation mode by Normal Mode Expansion(NME). Guided waves patterns based on excited by single transducer and guided wave focusing technique have employed to analyze focusing pattern on a pipe. A longitudinal mode and high order flexural modes are used with various number of transducers to determine sensitivity. Guided waves energy excited by multi transducer with focusing algorithm was successfully focused at a desired point.

한국어교재에서의 형태 초점 접근법의 실현 방안에 대한 연구

안주호 한국어교육학회 2014 국어교육 Vol.0 No.145

Latest Korean educational method being developed by a variety of materials, Focus on form is emerged experimentally in the classroom, Focus on form means a kond of teaching methods have been intergrating the form, meaning and function of grammatical items for appropriate context. So Focus on form have been regarded as a teaching method for accuracy and fluency. This study is deal with two types of Focus on form approach on that can be realized in the Korean language textbooks. Type of focus on form approach that emphasizes technique is required to perform tasks that learners are exposed to the target grammatical form of the technique. For this purpose, the materials specifically "step of presenting goal, step of inputting the structured form, step of the understanding, step of highlighting the input and the step of detailed description. In addition, the characteristics of Korean, spacing, writing Eojeol units, fonts and letter type of proper nouns also affect the inputting for learner.

코로나-19 이후 청소년의 외상 후 성장을 위한Flash Technique의 집단 개입의 효과

변인옥 한국청소년상담학회 2023 청소년상담학회지 Vol.4 No.4

본 연구는 코로나-19 팬데믹 이후 청소년들의 트라우마를 효과적으로 치유하기 위해 짧은 개입만으로도효과가 입증된 증거 기반 치료인 Flash Technique(FT)의 집단 개입의 효과를 살펴보고자 한다. FT 집단프로그램은 C지역의 B초등학교의 졸업을 앞둔 초등학교 6학년 161명을 대상으로 하였으며, 1회기에 15분씩 각반의 특성에 따라 총 3회나 총 4회를 실시하였다. FT의 효과를 검증하기 학생들이 FT를 1회 실시할 때마다‘주관적 불편감(SUD)’을 4회씩 체크하였으며, 자료분석은 기술통계 및 반복측정 분산을 실시하였다. 이 연구결과는 FT 집단프로그램을 1회만 참여하여도 SUD가 떨어지고, 3, 4회 참여하면 SUD가 더 빠르게 떨어지는것이 확인되었다. 그리고 숫자 연산하기와 같은 공급기억이 있는 경우, SUD가 잘 안 떨어진다는 것과 FT 실시가효과 있으려면 실시 횟수가 최소 5~6회가 필요하다는 것이 확인되었다. 이를 통해 청소년들의 트라우마의종류 및 공급기억의 내용에 따라 집단을 구성하고 적합한 PEF를 적용한다면 단회성 개입만으로도 효과 있는프로그램 개발의 가능성이 모색되었다. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a group intervention using the FlashTechnique (FT), an evidence-based treatment that has proven to be effective as ashort-term intervention for youth trauma after the COVID-19 pandemic. The FT groupprogram targeted 161 6th grade elementary school students about to graduate from BElementary School in Region C, and was conducted a total of 3 to 4 times for 15 minuteseach, depending on class characteristics. To verify the effectiveness of FT, students' SUD(Subjective Unit of Disturbance) was checked four times in each session using FT, and thedata was analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated-effects ANOVA. As a result ofthis study, it was confirmed that SUD was reduced even when FT was used only once as agroup intervention, and SUD was confirmed to decrease more rapidly when FT was used 3 to4 times. It has been also confirmed that feeder memory, such as counting, does not reduceSUD scores, and FT must be performed at least 5 to 6 times per session to be effective. Research results show that grouping adolescents according to the type of trauma and thecontents of their feeder memories and using PEF, which allows them to focus, can beeffective with just one intervention.

노인을 위한 식품안전·영양교육 내용 개발

최정화(Jung Hwa Choi),이은실(Eun Sil Lee),이윤진(Yoon Jin Lee),이혜상(Hye Sang Lee),장혜자(Hye Ja Chang),이경은(Kyung Eun Lee),이나영(Na Young Yi),안윤(Yun Ahn),곽동경(Tong Kyung Kwak) 대한지역사회영양학회 2012 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Our society is aging rapidly, and the number of elderly people who are in charge of purchasing and preparing foods at home is increasing. However, most the elderly have difficulty managing nutrition and food safety by themselves. The purpose of this study was to develop the necessary knowledge, through focus group interview and Delphi technique to establish a food safety and nutrition education program. The diet and educational needs of the elderly were surveyed through FGI. The education topics were decided by the Delphi technique. The education program consisted of a five week program, and the topics taught were ``Dietary Change for Healthy Life``, ``Prevention of Food Poisoning in Everyday Life``, ``Safe Food Handling for my Health``, ``Healthy Dietary Life to Prevent Chronic Disease``, and ``Safety! Nutrition! Healthy Dietary Life``. This education program was designed to decrease the perceived barriers, and to increase the perceived interests and the sense of self-efficacy. Education program materials, lesson plans, slides, handouts, videos, leaflets, and booklets were developed. Based on the results, the contents of the food safety guideline leaflets for the elderly were decided as the following: (1) wash your hands in the correct way; (2) select safe food; (3) cook foods safely; (4) keep foods safely; (5) keep kitchen utensils clean. In conclusion, if advanced education programs are implemented and delivered continuously in locations such as health centers and community welfare centers, those will contribute significantly to enhance the perception of food safety and to change the desirable dietary behavior of the elderly. (Korean J Community Nutr 17(2) : 167~181, 2012)

Focus + Context 시각화 기법을 사용한 교통정보 웹 서비스

김광섭,남두희 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2014 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.2

정보통신환경이 빠르게 발전되면서 다양한 분야에서 데이터가 수집 및 공개되고 있고, 이를 사용하여 다양한 서비스가 제공되고 있다. 또한, 수집되는 데이터가 복잡해짐에 따라 이를 효율적으로 시각화하기 위해, 다양한 시각화 기법들을 적용하여 사용자가 빠르게 이해 할 수 있는 어플리케이션이 고안되고 있다. 교통정보 분야에서도 실시간 정 보를 지도를 통해 제공하고 있다. 하지만 교통 정보 데이터들이 복잡해지면서, 단순한 시각화 방법으로는 사용자들이 쉽고 빠르게 교통 정보를 이해하기가 어렵다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 사항을 착안하여, 전체 정보의 개략적인 내용을 한 눈에 파악하면서 동시에 사용자가 관심 있는 대상을 쉽고 상세하게 볼 수 있는 Focus+Context 기법을 사용하여 교통 정보 웹 서비스를 설계 및 구현하였다. 이 연구에서는 최신 정보통신기술을 반영하여 데스크톱뿐만 아니라 스마트 기 기 모두 적용 할 수 있는 웹 기술인 HTML5(Hyper Text Markup Language 5)를 이용하였으며, 정보 시각화와 교통 정보를 결합함으로써, 앞으로 교통정보 분야뿐만 아니라, 사용자 관점에서의 복잡한 정보를 이해하기 쉽게 시각화 할 수 있는 응용 어플리케이션 사례로 기여 할 것으로 예상한다. Information and Communication Technology environment has been developing rapidly and variety of services are in service. As data becomes increasingly sophisticated. These data was applied techniques of visualization in order to visualize efficiently. Various agencies are providing the map based data in real-time. However, traffic information is getting more complex and users are having a difficulty to understand with convential visualization techniques. This study was designed and implemented in the web service of traffic information using Focus+Context. Web service implemented HTML5(Hyper Text Markup Language 5), and it runs on browser of either desktop or mobile devices. This study sets an example as web application from a user perspective by combining information visualization and traffic information.

해결중심단기놀이치료의 개발과 치료 기법에 대한 아동의 반응

김태은 ( Tae Eun Kim ),정문자 ( Moon Ja Chung ) 대한가정학회 2011 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.49 No.3

The purpose of this study was to develop a ``Solution-Focused Brief Play Therapy`` and analyze children`s responses to its various therapeutic techniques. The participants were three boys and three girls, all aged between 11 and 10 years, living in an orphanage on the outskirts of Seoul. Each child received 7-10 therapy sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. All sessions were video-taped and recorded verbatim. These data, along with the observational notes recorded by the researcher, were subjected to a qualitative data analysis(Creswell, 2002). The results showed not only that children set their goals and evaluated themselves objectively but also suggested solutions to meet their goals by doing something meaningful to themselves.

Production and Properties of Amorphous TiCuNi Powders by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

Kim, J.C.,Kang, E.H.,Kwon, Y.S.,Kim, J.S.,Chang, Si-Young The Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 2010 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.17 No.1

In present work, amorphous TiCuNi powders were fabricated by mechanical alloying process. Amorphization and crystallization behaviors of the TiCuNi powders during high-energy ball milling and subsequent microstructure changes were studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. TEM samples were prepared by the focused ion beam technique. The morphology of powders prepared with different milling times was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. The powders developed a fine, layered, homogeneous structure with milling times. The crystallization behavior showed that glass transition, $T_g$, onset crystallization, $T_x$, and super cooled liquid range ${\Delta}T=T_x-T_g$ were 628, 755 and 127K, respectively. The as-prepared amorphous TiCuNi powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering process. Full densified TiCuNi samples were successfully produced by the spark plasma sintering process. Crystallization of the MA powders happened during sintering at 733K.