Economic Values for Dairy Sheep Breeds in Slovakia

Krupova, Zuzana,Wolfova, M.,Wolf, J.,Oravcova, M.,Margetin, M.,Peskovicova, D.,Krupa, E.,Dano, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.12

Economic values of 14 production and functional traits for two Slovak dairy sheep breeds (Improved Valachian and Tsigai) were calculated. Semi-extensive production systems with one lambing per year were simulated using a bio-economic deterministic computer model. The marginal economic value of a trait was defined as the partial derivative of the profit function with respect to that trait. The relative economic value expressed the percentage proportion of standardized economic value (marginal economic value${\times}$genetic standard deviation) of a trait in the sum of the absolute values of the standardized economic values over all traits. Milk yield was of highest relative importance (26% and 32% in Improved Valachian and Tsigai) followed by productive lifetime and conception rate of ewes (16% and 15% in Improved Valachian and Tsigai, in both traits). Conception rate of female lambs and litter size had nearly the same relative economic importance in both breeds (9% to 11%). Survival rate of lambs at lambing and till weaning reached slightly lower economic values (4% to 7%). The economic importance of all remaining traits was less than 4%.

한우 선발지수 추정을 위한 형질별 경제적 가치 추정

김내수(Naesoo Kim),이중재(Jungjae Lee),당창권(Changkwon Dang) 충북대학교 동물생명과학연구소 2009 동물생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

가축의 개량에서 여러 형질을 동시에 고려하여 선발하기 위해서는 각 형질의 유전형가와 경제적 가치를 결합한 통합적 유전우위성을 추정하여야 한다. 그리하여 한우 종모우의 선발에 반드시 고려하여야 할 형질들인 일당증체 근내지방도와 배최장근 단면적의 경제적 가치를 추정하였다. 이들 형질의 경제적 가치를 추정하기에 앞서 등급판정소의 자료를 이용하여 도체/육질형질(근내지방도, 배최장근 단면적, 등지방 두께, 육량지수와 도체중)이 도체의 ㎏당 단가와 농가수취가격에 미치는 상대적 중요도를 알기 위하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 회귀분석결과 단위 도체 가격에는 근내지방도만 유의한 영향을 미친 변량이었으며, 농가 수취가격에 대하여는 도체중과 근내지방도 두 개의 변량만이 유의한 영향을 미친 것으로 것으로 추정되었다. 증체의 경제적 효과를 추정하기 위하여 100㎏에서 650㎏에 이르는 성장과 비육에 소요되는 열량을 추정한 결과 거세우는 14,051 M㎈(ME), 비거세우는 10,340 M㎈(ME)이 소요되는 것으로 추정 하였다. 이를 근거로 여러 요인을 조합하여 1㎏ 증체의 경제적 효과를 추정한 결과 거세우는 4900원에서 8,800원 범위이었고, 비거세우는 3,100원에서 5,600원의 범위 이었다. 근내지방도는 등급을 9단계로 할 때 1단계 증가하는데 따른 경제적 가치는 지난 5년간 거래된 220만두의 가격과 등급 판정 비율을 기초로 조사한 결과 암소 1,130원, 거세우 663원, 비거세우 607원이었다. 배최장근 단면적 1㎠의 경제적 가치를 추정하기 위한 기초 값은 510원이었고 이의 통합적 경제 가치에 반영되는 비율은 배최장근부위가 도체에서 차지하는 비율로 결정하면 될 것이다. The aggregate genetic merits which is determined by genetic variances/covariance and economic values of interest traits is used to the selection criteria of multi-traits selection index for the genetic improvement of cattle. Therefore, the relative economic merits of marbling score, loin(longisimus-dorsi muscle)area and ㎏ gain which is the traits of proven bull index at present or of considered near future should be estimated to determine the aggregate genetic merits for the selection index. Prior to estimate the economic merits of the traits, the partial regression coefficients of the marbling score(MS), loin area(LA), back fat thickness(BF), weight index and carcass weight on unit auction prices of carcass and farm receiving values of animal was estimated. The relative importances of the covariate variables were estimated by the values of partial coefficients of determination. The marbling score is the only significant covariate on the unit auction prices of carcass. The carcass weight is the most important covariate on the farm receiving values of animal and the marbling score also have a significant effects on the traits. Total consumed energy for the gain from 100kg to 650㎏ of body weight were estimated as 14,051 M㎈(ME) for steer and 10,340 M㎈(ME) for fattening bull, respectively. The economic merits of kg gain ranged from 4,900 to 8,800 won for steer and 3,100 to 5,600 won depended on the various conditions such as different proportion and prices of roughage/concentrates and different proportion of feed prices compare to the other production costs. The economic merits of increasement of one grade of marbling score is estimated to 1,130 won for cow, 663 won for steer and 607 won for fattening bull from the results of 2,200 thousand heads of slaughtered cattle for 5 years, respectively. The basic economic values to estimate a square ㎝ of loin area was determined to 510 won. The real economic merits of loin area should be estimated to basic economic values multiply to the proportion of loin area compare to whole carcass.

Variance component analysis of growth and production traits in Vanaraja male line chickens using animal model

Ullengala Rajkumar,Prince L. Leslie Leo,Paswan Chandan,Haunshi Santosh,Chatterjee Rudranath 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: A comprehensive study was conducted to study the effects of partition of variance on accuracy of genetic parameters and genetic trends of economic traits in Vanaraja male line/project directorate-1 (PD-1) chicken. Methods: Variance component analysis utilizing restricted maximum likelihood animal model was carried out with five generations data to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits in PD-1 chickens. Genetic trend was estimated by regression of the estimated average breeding values (BV) on generations. Results: The body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) varied significantly (p≤0.01) among the generations, hatches and sexes. The least squares mean of SL at six weeks, the primary trait was 77.44±0.05 mm. All the production traits, viz., BWs, age at sexual maturity, egg production (EP) and egg weight were significantly influenced by generation. Model four with additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects was the best model for juvenile growth traits, except for zero-day BW. The heritability estimates for BW and SL at six weeks (SL6) were 0.20±0.03 and 0.17±0.03, respectively. The BV of SL6 in the population increased linearly from 0.03 to 3.62 mm due to selection. Genetic trend was significant (p≤0.05) for SL6, BW6, and production traits. The average genetic gain of EP40 for each generation was significant (p≤0.05) with an average increase of 0.38 eggs per generation. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.02 in PD-1 line. Conclusion: The population was in ideal condition with negligible inbreeding and the selection was quite effective with significant genetic gains in each generation for primary trait of selection. The animal model minimized the over-estimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement. Objective: A comprehensive study was conducted to study the effects of partition of variance on accuracy of genetic parameters and genetic trends of economic traits in Vanaraja male line/project directorate-1 (PD-1) chicken.Methods: Variance component analysis utilizing restricted maximum likelihood animal model was carried out with five generations data to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits in PD-1 chickens. Genetic trend was estimated by regression of the estimated average breeding values (BV) on generations.Results: The body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) varied significantly (p≤0.01) among the generations, hatches and sexes. The least squares mean of SL at six weeks, the primary trait was 77.44±0.05 mm. All the production traits, viz., BWs, age at sexual maturity, egg production (EP) and egg weight were significantly influenced by generation. Model four with additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects was the best model for juvenile growth traits, except for zero-day BW. The heritability estimates for BW and SL at six weeks (SL6) were 0.20±0.03 and 0.17±0.03, respectively. The BV of SL6 in the population increased linearly from 0.03 to 3.62 mm due to selection. Genetic trend was significant (p≤0.05) for SL6, BW6, and production traits. The average genetic gain of EP40 for each generation was significant (p≤0.05) with an average increase of 0.38 eggs per generation. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.02 in PD-1 line.Conclusion: The population was in ideal condition with negligible inbreeding and the selection was quite effective with significant genetic gains in each generation for primary trait of selection. The animal model minimized the over-estimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement.

생존분석을 이용한 고부가 젖소 형질 개발

정구환,채민우,이슬기,조광현,김용대 한국자료분석학회 2013 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.15 No.5

우리나라의 낙농산업은 현재 젖소 1두당 유량은 우수하나, 젖소 1두당 우유 생산비가 세계에서 가장 높은 수준이기 때문에 순수익은 오히려 감소하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 농촌진흥청에서 10여 년간 조사한 자료를 분석하여 고부가 젖소 형질을 개발하고, 이를 통해 젖소의 경제수명을 늘리는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 젖소의 도태산차 또는 초산 이후 개월령을 경제수명으로 정의하고, 초산 직후 측정되는 다양한 변수들로 경제수명을 설명하는 모형을 개발하였다. 자료의 조사시점에 살아있는 젖소에 대해서는 경제수명이 중도절단된 자료로 취급하였고, 이를 처리하기 위해 생존분석 방법을 사용하였다. 또한 고부가 젖소 형질을 찾기 위해 AIC를 통한 변수선택을 하였으며 이 모형을 사용하여 젖소의 생존율에 비례하는 형질점수를 정의하였다. 형질점수가 상위 10% 이내인 젖소를 선별하면 경제수명이 약 20% 증가하는 결과를 얻었다. 이를 활용하여 우리나라 젖소의 경제수명을 낙농선진국의 수준으로 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Dairy industry in Korea has excellent milk quantity per cattle. However, net income has decreased since Korea is among the highest cow milk production cost per cattle in the world. In this study, we develop high-value traits of dairy cattle by analyzing dairy cattle data from the Rural Development Administration. Using these traits, we are looking for a method to increase the economic life of dairy cattle. The economic life defined as calving number until death or month age after first childbirth is fitted by various traits measured right after first childbirth. The economic life of dairy cattle which is alive at the time of the survey is considered as censored data and we use survival analysis to treat these data. We choose traits that affect the economic life through the process of variable selection and we construct the best model using these traits. Using this model, we can define a trait score which represents the survival rate. Selecting dairy cattle in top 10% of trait scores results in about 20% increment of dairy cattle’s economic life. In this way, the dairy industry in Korea will reach the level of developed dairy countries.

Identification of Superior Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) Combinations Related to Economic Traits by Genotype Matrix Mapping (GMM) in Hanwoo (Korean Cattle)

Lee, Yoon-Seok,Oh, Dong-Yep,Lee, Yong-Won,Yeo, Jung-Sou,Lee, Jea-Young Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.11

It is important to identify genetic interactions related to human diseases or animal traits. Many linear statistical models have been reported but they did not consider genetic interactions. Genotype matrix mapping (GMM) has been developed to identify genetic interactions. This study uses the GMM method to detect superior SNP combinations of the CCDC158 gene that influences average daily gain, marbling score, cold carcass weight and longissimus muscle dorsi area traits in Hanwoo. We evaluated the statistical significance of the major SNP combinations selected by implementing the permutation test of the F-measure. The effect of g.34425+102 A>T (AA), g.8778G>A (GG) and g.4102+36T>G (GT) SNP combinations produced higher performance of average daily gain, marbling score, cold carcass weight and the longissimus muscle dorsi area traits than the effect of a single SNP. GMM is a fast and reliable method for multiple SNP analysis with potential application in marker-assisted selection. GMM may prospectively be used for genetic assessment of quantitative traits after further development.

Estimation the genetic parameters and evaluating the correlation between the maternal linear type traits and the birth weight of the progeny in Hanwoo cows

노재광,김성진,손지현,최태정,도창희,구양모 한국동물유전육종학회 2023 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.7 No.3

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the linear type traits of mother cows (dams) and the birth weight(BW) of the progeny. The study used data collected between 2002 and 2018 by the Korea Animal Improvement Association (KAIA). This study evaluated the data specifically with respect to 19 traits. A statistical model was established to estimate the correlation between the maternal linear classification traits and the progeny BW. The significance of each statistical variable was analyzed using the generalized linear model (GLM) method in the SAS package 9.1.3 software, while the genetic parameters were estimated using the BLUPF90 Family program. The BW of Hanwoo cows increased by approximately 0.4 kg each year; however, the BW heritability was moderate (0.23). The linear classification traits showed values of 0.34, 0.37, 0.11, 0.45, 0.31, and 0.40, for ST (Vertical distance from the apex of the rump to the ground), BL (Horizontal distance between anterior shoulder point to the posterior extremity of the pin bone), RA (The slope from the rump to the pin bone), RL (Horizontal distance from the anterior rump to the tip of the pin bone), PBW (Lateral width of pin bone), and FS (Final score), respectively, with moderate heritability for all traits, except RA. The BW of the progeny showed phenotypic correlations of 0.06, -0.01, 0.03, and 0.04, and genetic correlations of 0.09, 0.03, 0.02, and -0.04 with ST, BL, RL, and PBW, respectively. The average parity in Hanwoo cows increased from 2.5 in 2016 to 2.8 in June 2020. There is a low genetic correlation between the maternal linear classification traits and the BW of the progeny. An increase in the parity of dams and a greater accumulation of progeny BW data and test records could lead to the accurate evaluation of the BW as a breeding objective trait.

Genetic and Economic Analysis for the Relationship between Udder Health and Milk Production Traits in Friesian Cows

El-Awady, H.G.,Oudah, E.Z.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.11

A total of 4,752 monthly lactation records of Friesian cows during the period from 2000 to 2005 were used to estimate genetic parameters and to determine the effect of udder health on milk production traits. Three milk production traits were studied: 305-day milk yield (305-dMY), 305-day fat yield (305-dFY) and 305-day protein yield (305-dPY). Four udder health traits were studied: somatic cell count (SCC), mastitis (MAST), udder health status (UDHS) with 10 categories and udder quarter infection (UDQI) with 7 categories. Mixed model least square analysis was used to estimate the fixed effects of month and year of calving and parity (P) on different studied traits. Sire and dam within sire were included in the model as random effects. Data were analyzed using Multi-trait Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood methodology (MTDFREML) to estimate genetic parameters. Unadjusted means of 305-dMY, 305-dFY, 305-dPY and SCC were 3,936, 121, 90 kg and 453,000 cells/ml, respectively. Increasing SCC from 300,000 to 2,000,000 cells/ml increased UDQI from 5.51 to 23.2%. Losses in monthly and lactationally milk yields per cow ranged from 17 to 93 and from 135 to 991 kg, respectively. The corresponding losses in monthly and lactationally milk yields return per cow at the same level of SCC ranged from 29.8 to 163 and from 236 to 1,734 Egyptian pounds, respectively. Heritability estimates of 305-dMY, 305-dFY, 305-dPY, SCC, MAST, UDHS, UDQI were 0.31${\pm}$0.4, 0.33${\pm}$0.03, 0.35${\pm}$0.05, 0.23${\pm}$0.02, 0.14${\pm}$0.02, 0.13${\pm}$0.03, and 0.09${\pm}$0.01, respectively. All milk production traits showed slightly unfavorable negative phenotypic and genetic correlations with SCC, MAST, UDHS and UDQI. There were positive and high genetic correlations between SCC and each of MAST (0.85${\pm}$0.7), UDHS (0.87${\pm}$0.10) and UDQI (0.77${\pm}$0.06) and between MAST and each of UDHS (0.91${\pm}$0.11) and UDQI (0.83${\pm}$0.07). It could be concluded that the economic losses from mastitis and high SCC are considerable. The high genetic correlation between SCC and clinical mastitis (CM) suggest that the selection for lower SCC would help to reduce or eliminate the undesirable correlated responses of clinical mastitis associated with selection for increasing milk yield. Additionally, it is recommended also that if direct information on under health traits is not available, measures of SCC can be inclusion in a selection criteria to improve the income from dairy cows.

Estimation of Relative Economic Weights of Hanwoo Carcass Traits Based on Carcass Market Price

Choy, Yun-Ho,Park, Byoung-Ho,Choi, Tae-Jung,Choi, Jae-Gwan,Cho, Kwang-Hyun,Lee, Seung-Soo,Choi, You-Lim,Koh, Kyung-Chul,Kim, Hyo-Sun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.12

The objective of this study was to estimate economic weights of Hanwoo carcass traits that can be used to build economic selection indexes for selection of seedstocks. Data from carcass measures for determining beef yield and quality grades were collected and provided by the Korean Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation (KAPE). Out of 1,556,971 records, 476,430 records collected from 13 abattoirs from 2008 to 2010 after deletion of outlying observations were used to estimate relative economic weights of bid price per kg carcass weight on cold carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS) and the phenotypic relationships among component traits. Price of carcass tended to increase linearly as yield grades or quality grades, in marginal or in combination, increased. Partial regression coefficients for MS, EMA, BF, and for CW in original scales were +948.5 won/score, +27.3 $won/cm^2$, -95.2 won/mm and +7.3 won/kg when all three sex categories were taken into account. Among four grade determining traits, relative economic weight of MS was the greatest. Variations in partial regression coefficients by sex categories were great but the trends in relative weights for each carcass measures were similar. Relative economic weights of four traits in integer values when standardized measures were fit into covariance model were +4:+1:-1:+1 for MS:EMA:BF:CW. Further research is required to account for the cost of production per unit carcass weight or per unit production under different economic situations.

두록 계통조성 집단의 근교수준이 경제형질에 미치는 영향

송나래(Na-Rae song),김용민(Yong-Min Kim),김두완(Doo-Wan Kim),사수진(Soo-Jin Sa),김기현(Ki-Hyun Kim),김영화(Young-Hwa Kim),조규호(Kyu-Ho Cho),도창희(Chang-hee Do),홍준기(Joon-Ki Hong) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.42 No.2

The data of Duroc swine species that were born from 2000 to 2014 excluding missing ones collected by Korea National Institute of Animal Science were used in the present study. After removing missing data we used 9756 of productions data and 1728 of reproductive reference of breeding research to study the level of inbreeding and to investigate the impact on the reproductive traits, production traits. The correlation of reproductive traits and inbreeding coefficient are -0.07, -0.08 for total number pigs born, number of pigs born alive respectively and birth weight per litter is -0.10, number of pigs born alive per litter to 21days is -0.06 and body weight per litter to 21days is -0.09. The correlation coefficients of the inbreeding coefficients of reproductive traits are shown within 10% with negative correlation (P < 0.05). Days of 90㎏ and Backfat in the correlation coefficient and inbreeding coefficient production traits were not observed significant correlations, Average daily gain was investigated by the positive correlation of 0.05. According to the above results, the inbreeding level gave a negative effect on the improvement of the breed traits, investigating a relatively high compared to a negative effect on other traits. But overall correlation degree is less than 10% was observed. This inbreeding coefficient has not been clearly observed due to degeneration of the average inbreeding coefficients of these generations was maintained within 10% of the population. The scale of the experimental group was about 150 degree pig husbandry is very small compared to the advanced countries. However, the level of inbreeding in the population group with the appropriate mating combinations is maintained below 10% of population is thought to be small and can minimize the effects of inbreeding degeneration. further testing utilizing this selection is constantly considered to be necessary.

두록 계통조성 집단의 근교수준이 경제형질에 미치는 영향

송나래(Na-Rae song),김용민(Yong-Min Kim),김두완(Doo-Wan Kim),사수진(Soo-Jin Sa),김기현(Ki-Hyun Kim),김영화(Young-Hwa Kim),조규호(Kyu-Ho Cho),도창희(Chang-hee Do),홍준기(Joon-Ki Hong) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 농업과학연구 Vol.42 No.2

The data of Duroc swine species that were born from 2000 to 2014 excluding missing ones collected by Korea National Institute of Animal Science were used in the present study. After removing missing data we used 9756 of productions data and 1728 of reproductive reference of breeding research to study the level of inbreeding and to investigate the impact on the reproductive traits, production traits. The correlation of reproductive traits and inbreeding coefficient are -0.07, -0.08 for total number pigs born, number of pigs born alive respectively and birth weight per litter is -0.10, number of pigs born alive per litter to 21days is -0.06 and body weight per litter to 21days is -0.09. The correlation coefficients of the inbreeding coefficients of reproductive traits are shown within 10% with negative correlation (P < 0.05). Days of 90㎏ and Backfat in the correlation coefficient and inbreeding coefficient production traits were not observed significant correlations, Average daily gain was investigated by the positive correlation of 0.05. According to the above results, the inbreeding level gave a negative effect on the improvement of the breed traits, investigating a relatively high compared to a negative effect on other traits. But overall correlation degree is less than 10% was observed. This inbreeding coefficient has not been clearly observed due to degeneration of the average inbreeding coefficients of these generations was maintained within 10% of the population. The scale of the experimental group was about 150 degree pig husbandry is very small compared to the advanced countries. However, the level of inbreeding in the population group with the appropriate mating combinations is maintained below 10% of population is thought to be small and can minimize the effects of inbreeding degeneration. further testing utilizing this selection is constantly considered to be necessary.