The Relations Between Craniofacial Morphology and Dental Aesthetic Index(DAI)

김정기,최현규,김은경,최용성 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.6

본 연구에서는 치열심미지수(DAI)의 10가지 교합적 요소와 악안면 형태와의 상호관계를 단변수와 다변수 통계처리기법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 자료는 교정치료를 위해 내원한 영구치열을 가진 182명(남자 79명, 여자 103명)의 치료전 연구보형과 측모 두부규격방사선 사진으로부터 얻었다. 악안면 형태를 분석하기 위해서 Dipaolo의 사변형 분석방법을 이용하였으며 치열심미지수의 10가지 교합적요소는 Jenny, Cons 등에 의해 발표된 진단기준에 따라 각 항목을 측정하여 기록하였다. 또한 안모의 심미관계도 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치열심미지수의 구성요소중 결손치수, 절치부 총생도, 절치부 공극도, 정중이개량, 상악전치부 최대 변이량등 대부분의 구성요소가 악안면 현태와 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 2. 치열심지지수의 구성요소중 상악전치부 수평피개량, 하악전치부 수평피개량, 전·후방 구치관계등은 시상면적 악골관계를 나타내는 골격요소인 MdBL/MxDL, MdLL/MxLL, MdSL/MxSL들과 상관관계를 보였다. 3. 치열심미지수의 구성요소중 전치부 수직 개방교합량은 수직적 악골관계를 나타내는 ALFM/AUFH, MPA, SA등과 미약한 상관관계를 보였다. 4. 교합의 여러 측면을 기초로 한 치열심미지수는 악안면 형태와 무관하였다. 5. 교정치료 필요 유무의 선별 및 부정교합의 심도에 관한 포괄적인 평가에는 어느 특정 지수에 의존하기보다는 교합적 요소와 악안면 골격적 요소 모두에 기초를 두어야 할 것으로 사료된다. Multiple features of occlusion have been combined by epidemiologists in attempts to objectively to determine malocclusion severity and treatment priority. Jenny et al were developed DAI(Dental Aesthetic Index), which is an orthodontic index based on socially defined aesthetic standards. This study aimed to evaluate association between 10 occlusal components of DAI and individual measures of skeletal morphology by use of univariate and multivariate analysis. In addition the relationship between a Dental Aesthetic Index score and skeletal morphology was evaluated. The data for this study were obtained from cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 182 Korean patients(79 man, 103 women) with permanent dentition who had been accepted for the orthodontic treatment at Department of Orthodontics, Chonbuk National University. The results are as follows: 1. Several occlusal components of DAI(missing, crowding and spacing in the incisal segment, diastema, largest anterior irregularity on upper and lower arch) were not associated with individual measures of craniofacial morphology. 2. Sagittal occlusal components of DAI were associated with anteroposterior skeletal measures. 3. The relation between vertical occlusal components of DAI and vertical skeletal measures was low magnitude. 4. A Dental Aesthetic Index, which is based on several aspects of occlusion, did not identify craniofacial morphology. We can conclude that combination of certain occlusal components of the DAI may be related with specific skeletal morphology; but, this concept could not be accepted generally.

A comparative study on head posture and craniofacial morphology between koreans and scandinavian caucasians

Oh, Yong-Duck,Yoon, Young-Jooh,Kim, Kwang-Won 대한치과교정학회 1999 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.29 No.6

본 연구는 두부자세를 형성하는 두개저와 경추기가 이루는 각의 차이가 두대안면구조의 형태에 어떠한 차이로 나타나는지를 파악해 보기 위하여, 51명의 한국인 성인 남자와 120명의 스칸디나비아계 백인, 성인 남자를 대상으로 자연상태의 두부위치로 촬영하여 얻은 두부방사선계측사진에서 두부자세변수, 두개저, 경루, 상악골, 하악골, 상하악 악골관계 그리고 치아, 치조에 관련된 변수를 설정, 이를 서로 비교함으로써 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. NAL/OPT로 표현되는 두개의 경추가 이루는 각은 한국인에서 평균 9.28도 더 크게 나타났다. 2. n-s로 표현되는 전두개저의 길이는 한국인에서 평균 4.66mm가 더 짧게 나타났다. 3. sp-pm 및 ss-pm으로 표현되는 상악골 기저의 길이는 한국인에서 각각 평균 2.75 mm, 4.65mm 더 짧은 양상을 보였으며, n-sp로 표현되는 상악골의 전방부 고경, 그리고 s-pm으로 표현되는 상악골의 후방부 고경은 각각 2.60mm, 2.06mm 더 긴 양상을 보이는 한편, NSL/NL로 표현되는 상악골의 두개저에 대한 기울기는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. pg-tgo로 표현되는 하악골체의 길이와 ar-tgo로 표현되는 하악골지의 고경은 두 표본애서 동일한 양상을 보였으나, ML/RL로 표현되는 하악우각부는 한국인에서 3.22도 작은양상을 보였고, NSL/ML로 표현되는 두개저에 대한 하악골의 경사도는 한국인에서 2.44도 더 큰 양상을 보였다. 5. s-n-sp및 s-n-ss로 표현되는 상악골의 두개저에 대한 돌출도, 그리고 s-n-sm으로 표현되는 하악골의 두개저에 대한 돌출도는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 6. ss-n-pg로 표현되는 상,하악골의 전후방적 관계는 한국인에서 1.44도 더 큰 양상을 보였으나, NL/ML로 표현되는 수직적관계는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 7. n-go으로 표현되는 전안면고경은 한국인에서 5.57mm 더 큰 양상을 보였다. 8. CL/ML로 표현되는 하악치조의 돌출도는 한국인에서 5.71도 더 큰 양상을 보였으며, ILs/ILi로 표현되는 상,하악 전치가 이루는 각은 한국인에서 3.08도 더 작은 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 두개저와 경추가 이루는 두부자세에 따라 두개안면구조의 형태가 영향을 받을 수 있음을 보여주었다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate racial differences in head posture and the influence of head posture to the craniofacial morphology. Tje sample group of this study was amde up of 51 Korean makes and 120 Scandinavian Caucasian makes. From the comparison of the cranio-cervical angle and the variables of craniofacial morphology between them, the following results were obtained. 1. The cranio=cervical angle (NSL/OPT) was on average 9.28 degrees larger in Koreans. 2. The length of the anterior cranial base (N-S) was on average 4.66mm shorter in Koreans. 3. The length of the maxillary base (sp-pm and ss-pm) were on average 2.75mm and 4.65mm shorter in Koreans respectively, the anterior maxillary height (n-sp) was on average 2.60mm longer, the posterior dimension (S-pm) was found to be 2.06mm longer in Koreans, and the maxillary inckination (NSL/NL) was identical in both samples. 4. The mandibular body length (pg-tgo) and ramus height (ar-tgo) were identical in the two groups, but the gonial angle (ML/RL) was 3.22 degree smaller and the mandibular plane inclination (NSL/ML) was 2.44 degrees larger in Koreans. 5. The maxillary prognathism (s-n-sp and s-n-ss) and the mandibular prognathism (s-n-sm) were identical in both samples. 6. The sagittal jaw relationship (ss-n-pg) was 1.44 degrees larger in the Korean sample, but the vertical jaw relationship (NL/ML) was not significantly different, 7. the anterior favial heighy (n-gn) was 5.57mm longer in the Korean sample. 8. The mandibular alveolar prognathism (CL/ML) was 5.71 degrees greater and the interincisal angle (ILs/ILi) was 3.08 degrees more acute in Koreans. Taken together these results, craniofacial morphology can be influenced by the head posture defined by cranio-cervical angulation.

Cone beam CT를 이용한 안면골격형태에 따른 상기도 공간 분석

김용일,김성식,손우성,박수병 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.3

상기도 공간은 3차원 입체 구조물로서 두부규격방사선사진 등으로 분석하기에는 평가의 한계가 존재하였다. 본 연구는 최근 방사선 피폭량 등의 감소로 그 활용도가 높아진 cone beam CT (CBCT)를 이용하여 안면골격형태에 따른 상기도 공간의 면적, 전후방 폭경 및 측방 폭경을 측정하고 그 관련성을 알아보았다. 102명을 대상으로 CBCT (VCT, Vatech, Seoul, Korea)를 촬영하였으며, FH plane에 평행하면서 aa point (the most anterior point on the anterior arch of atlas), CV_(2ia), CV_(3ia) point (most infero-anterior point on the body of the second & third cervical vertebra)를 지나는 평면을 기준으로 설정하였다. 각 항목의 계측치는 one-way ANOVA를 이용하여 통계처리하고 Duncan test로 사후검정하였다. 연구 결과, 안면 골격형태에 따른 측방 폭경에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Group 2 (Class II) 집단은 aa plane, CV₂ plane, CV₃ plane에 의해 형성된 상기도 공간의 단면적이 좁았으며, 전후방 폭경도 Group 3 (Class III)에 비해 유의성 있게 좁았다. 수직 안면골격형태와 정상 안면골격 형태간의 유의성 있는 차이는 없었으나, aa plane에서 형성된 상기도 공간의 전후방 폭경은 Group 1V (Class I vertical)가 Group 1N (Class I normal)에 비해 유의성 있게 좁은 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.05). Objective: CBCT has become popular for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in recent times. The 3D pharyngeal airway space needs to be analysed using a 3D diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was to analyse the pharyngeal airway of different craniofacial morphology using CBCT. Methods: The sample compromised 102 subjects divided into 3 groups (Class I, II, III) and 6 subgroups according to normal or vertical craniofacial patterns. All samples had CBCT (VCT, Vatech, Seoul, Korea) taken for orthodontic treatment. The pharyngeal airway was assessed according to the reference planes: aa plane (the most anterior point on the anterior arch of atlas), CV₂ plane, and CV₃ plane (most infero-anterior point on the body of the second & third cervical vertebra). The intergroup comparison was performed with one-way ANOVA and duncan test as a second step. Results: The results showed the pharyngeal airway and anteroposterior width of group 2 (Class II) in aa plane, CV₂ plane, CV₃ plane were significant narrower than in group 3 (Class III). There was no significant difference between vertical and normal craniofacial patterns except for the anteroposterior pharyngeal width of Group 1 (Class I) in aa plane. Conclusions: Subjects with Class II patterns have a significantly narrower pharyngeal airway than those with Class III. However there was no difference in pharyngeal airway between vertical and normal craniofacial morphology.

악안면 성장양상에 따른 하악이부 형태에 관한 연구

남현진,유영규 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.5

교정치료에 있어서 악안면 성장의 양상은 진단과 치료계획 수립에 있어서 매우 유용한 자료이며 교합의 달성 및 안모의 형태, 발육에 많은 영향을 미친다. 따라서 성장유형의 분류에 대한 많은 연구가 있었으며 성장예측을 위한 많은 시도가 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 성인 120명을 대상으로 치료전 측모두부계측 방사선사진을 이용하여 전안면고경에 대한 후안면고경의 비를 측정하여 56%-62%는 시계방향 성장군(36명), 65%-80%는 반시계방향 성장군(43명)으로, 그리고 62%-65%는 정상군(41명)으로 분류하고 이에 따른 하악이부의 형태와 돌출정도 평가를 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 남녀 하악이부 형태비교에 있어서는 남자가 여자보다 이부의 높이와 돌출정도가 크게 나타났다. 2. 시계방향 성장군이 반시계방향 성장군에 비해 하악이부의 Height, H/D ratio, Actual length는 크게 나타났고, Depth, Angle, Effective length, E/A ratio는 작은 값을 나타냈다. 3. 악안면 성장양상에 있어 이부의 돌출정도가 작을수록 시계방향성장 경향을 나타내며, 돌출정도가 클수록 반시계방향성장 경향을 나타냈다. Craniofacial growth pattern is an important diagnostic data in the course of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning ; it also has great influence in the establishment of occlusion as well as shaping and development of face. There have been many studies to classify different craniofacial growth patterns and attempts to predict growth patterns. This study aimed to correlate craniofacial growth pattern and symphysis morphology. 120 adult patients with age from 19 to 39 (mean age :231) were chosen as subjects ; using lateral cephalometric films their anterior to posterior facial height ratios were calculated. They were divided into 3 groups - clockwise growth pattern with 56%-62%(36subjects), counter-clockwise growth pattern group with 65%-80%(43subjects) and normal growth pattern group with 62%-65%(41subjects). Symphysis morphology and prominence evaluation in each subject were studied and the following conclusions were drawn : 1. In comparison of symphysis morphology between the sex groups, men showed large symphysis height and prominence. 2. Concerning the symphysis morphology, the clockwise growth pattern group showed larger height, H/D ratio and actual length but smaller depth, angle, effective length and E/A ratio compared to the counter - clockwise growth pattern group. 3. Those with smaller prominance of symphysis showed clockwise growth tendency and those with larger prominance showed counter-clockwise growth tendency.

혀의 크기와 위치 및 두개안면골격이 치열공극에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김선화,박수병,손우성 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.5

뚜렷한 국소적 요인없이 상악이나 하악 또는 상하악 모두에서 전반적인 공극을 보이는 55명과 상하악에서 심한 총생을 보이는 32명을 선정하여 혀크기 및 위치를 계측비교하고, 이 중 상하악 모두에서 전반적인 공극을 보이는 군을 대상으로 두개안면골격 및 치열궁 크기를 계측하여 총생치열군과의 차에 대한 유의성 검정 및 혀와 두개안면골격 그리고 치열궁 사이의 상관관계를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 혀의 길이는 상악공극치열군이 가장 컸고 총생치열군에서 가장 작게 나타났으며, 혀의 위치는 상악공극치열군에서 가장 높게 나타났고 총생치열군, 상하악공극치열군, 하악공극치열군 순으로 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 혀의 면적은 상악공극치열군에서 가장 컸고 상하악공극치열군, 총생치열군 순으로 작게 나타났다. 2. 두개안면골격 및 치열궁 크기 비교에서 공극치열군이 총생치열군에 비해 상하악체 길이, 후두개저 길이, 후안모고경, 두개안면폭경 그리고 모든 치열궁 계측항목이 더 크게 나타났다. 3. 치열궁 크기에 미치는 혀의 영향은 공극치열군에서 총생치열군에 비해 크게 나타났으며, 혀의 면적은 상하악 구치간 폭경과 기저골 폭경에, 혀의 길이는 상악 견치간 폭경과 하악 치열궁 장경에, 혀의 고경은 상악 치열궁 장경에 주로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 치열궁 크기에 미치는 두개안면골격의 영향에서는 두 군 모두 interjugal width, interantegonial width가 치열궁 폭경에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 공극치열군에서의 상관성이 더 높았다. 5. 공극치열군에서는 혀의 길이와 면적이 interjugal width에, 혀의 고경은 후안모고경에 주로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 총생치열군에서는 혀의 길이가 interincisal angle에 주로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 두개안면골격에 미치는 혀의 영향이 공극치열군에서 더 크게 나타난 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the size and posture of tongue and craniofacial morphology on spaced dentition and compare the correlation between tongue size, craniofacial skeleton and dental arch size in generalized spaced and crowded group. The sample consisted of four groups, the 36 subjects of generalized spaced group(maxillary and mandibular spaced group), the 11 subjects of maxillary spaced group, the 8 subjects of mandibular spaced group and the 32 subjects of crowded group. Tongue size were measured on the lateral cephalometric radiograph, craniofacial skeleton were measured on the lateral and P-A cephalometric radiograph and dental arch size were measured on study casts. These data from lateral & P-A cephalometric radiograph and study casts were statistically analyzed to examine significant difference between groups and compare the correlation between each measurements. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Length of the tongue was the largest in maxillary spaced group and the smallest in crowded group. Posture of the tongue was the highest in maxillary spaced group and the lowest in mandibular spaced group. Area of the tongue was larger in spaced group than in crowded group. 2. In comparison of the craniofacial skeleton and dental arch size, generalized spaced group had larger Mx. length, Mn. length, posterior cranial base length, craniofacial width anddental arch than crowded group. 3. The effect of the tongue on dental arch were larger in spaced group than in crowded group 4. In both groups, interjugal width and interantegonial width had large effect on dental archwidth, especially spaced group had higher correlation than crowded group. 4. The effect of tongue on craniogacial skeleton were expected larger in spaced group than in crowded group, especially interjugal and interantegonial width showed high correlation with length, posture and area of tongue.

Association between the severity of hypodontia and the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in a Chinese population: A cross-sectional study

Xin Xiong,Jiaqi Liu,Yange Wu,Chengxinyue Ye,Qinlanhui Zhang,Yufan Zhu,Wenke Yang,Jun Wang 대한치과교정학회 2023 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.53 No.3

Objective: To investigate craniofacial differences in individuals with hypodontia and explore the relationship between craniofacial features and the number of congenitally missing teeth. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 261 Chinese patients (males, 124; females, 137; age, 7–24 years), divided into four groups (without hypodontia: no teeth missing, mild: one or two missing teeth, moderate: three to five missing teeth, severe: six or more missing teeth) according to the number of congenitally missing teeth. Differences in cephalometric measurements among the groups were analyzed. Further, multivariate linear regression and smooth curve fitting were performed to evaluate the relationship between the number of congenitally missing teeth and the cephalometric measurements. Results: In patients with hypodontia, SNA, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, UL-EP, and LL-EP significantly decreased, while Pog-NB, AB-NP, N-ANS, and S-Go/N-Me significantly increased. In multivariate linear regression analysis, SNB, Pog-NB, and S-Go/N-Me were positively related to the number of congenitally missing teeth. In contrast, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, N-Me, ANS-Me, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, SGn-FH (Y-axis), UL-EP, and LL-EP were negatively related, with absolute values of regression coefficients ranging from 0.147 to 0.357. Further, NA-AP, Pog-NB, S-Go/N-Me, and GoGn-SN showed the same tendency in both sexes, whereas UL-EP and LL-EP were different. Conclusions: Compared with controls, patients with hypodontia tend toward a Class III skeletal relationship, reduced lower anterior face height, flatter mandibular plane, and more retrusive lips. The number of congenitally missing teeth had a greater effect on certain characteristics of craniofacial morphology in males than in females.

한국 성인의 두경부자세와 두개안면형태에 관한 두부 X-선 계측학적 연구

박은주,서정훈 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 한국성인의 두경부자세와 두개안면형태를 두개내 및 두개외 기준선에 대하여 알아보고 그 상관성을 평가하여 향후 진단시 보조적 자료로 사용하고자하여 시행되었다. 양호한 안모와 1급 구치관계를 지닌 성인 남, 녀 각 25명씩 총 50명에 대하여 natural head position 측모 두부 X-선 계측사진을 촬영하여 투사도를 그린후 posterior nasal spine을 지나는 true vertical line과 sella를 지나는 true horizontal line을 기준으로하여 자세변수 및 형태변수를 계측, 계산하였다. SPSS 통계처리 프로그램을 이용하여 남녀평균, 표준편차를 구하고 student t-test로 유의차를 검정한후 자세변수와 형태변수간의 상관관계를 보았으며, 또한 자세변수를 이용하여 두경부자세의 재현성을 평가하여 다음과같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 한국성인에서의 두경부자세변수와 두개안면형태변수의 평균과 표준편차를 얻었다. 2. 한국성인은 OPT/CVT간 강에 있어서 3.55±2.58˚의 경추 전방만곡을 보였다. 3. 자세변수와 형태변수의 상관관계에서는 두경부자세와 안면의 수직적인 비율, 안면돌출도, 하악골의 회전이 높은 상관성을 보였다. 4. 두경부자세와 상하악간 관계, 전후방적 악골비율의 상관관계는 미약하였다. 5. Natural head position에서의 head positioning error는 1.65˚로 SN line의 개인간 변이도 3.31˚보다 작았다. 다른 자세변수도 head positioning error가 각 변수들의 개인간 변이도보다 작았다. The purpose of this study was to estimate correlations of craniocervical posture and craniofacial morphology in Korean young adults. The sample constisted of 50 young adults (25 males and 25 females) who had good profile and Class Ⅰ molar relationship. The analysis of craniocervical posture and craniofacial morphology was performed on lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position. The results were as follows ; 1. The mean and the standard deviation of postural and morphologic variables were obtained. 2. Korean young adult had cervical lordosis of which degree between OPT and CVT shows 3.55±2.58˚ 3. Craniocervical posture and each of vertical ratio, facial prognathism, mandibular rotation showed high correlation. 4. Correlation coefficients between postural variables and each of intermaxillary relation, anteroposterior ratio were low. 5. The head positioning error of natural head position was smaller than the inter-individual variability of postural variables.

하악전돌증환자에 있어 악교정수술 전후의 두부자세변화에 관한 연구

박정현(Jung Hyun Park),유지호(Ji Ho Yoo),이충국(Choong Kook Yi) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1993 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.19 No.4

According to the functional matrix theory which is one of the many theories on Growth and Development of the craniofacial region, regardless of normal or not, the craniofacial structure of an individual is influenced by a balance between the surrounding skeletal structures including the cranial base, cranial vault, and cervical vertebra and the soft tissues. Head posture may support the equilibration in cranio-cervical region by three musculo-aponeurotic systems which are composed of intracranial aponeurotic system, posterior cervical musculo-aponeurotic system, anterior musculo-aponeurotic system. The facial weight suspending to anterior cranial base is transported to posterior cervical muscles by way of two intracranial dural aponeurotic system and also it is reacted with anterior musculoaponeurotic system continuing to cranial base from abdominal viscera, hyoid bone and mandible anteriorly and thus, equilibration between craniofacial region and cervical region is accomplished by tension of these muscles finally. About the interrelation between head posture and craniofacial morphology, Linder-Aronson have advocated the correlation between the nasopharyngeal airway adequacy and cranio-cervical postural relation, and which is two important biological factor contributing to craniofactial growth. And Solow and others have postulated the interrelationship between craniofacial morphology, airway adequacy and head posture, and he advocated also that hyoid position relates to craniocervical angle and it is contributed to the resting position of mandible and pharynx. Athanausiou et al. have studied the relationship between the change of the position of the hyoid and the pharyngeal depth after orthognathic surgery. Wenzel and Fromm-Lundburg have measured the craniocervical angle postoperatively and compared the altered maxillofacial structure with the change of head position. The author tried-to study the relationship between the craniocervical angle, airway adequacy and the position of the hyoid bone after the alteration of the dentofacial structure through the orthognathic surgery. To study the postoperative relationship, lateral cephalometric analysis was done on 117 normal Korean adults(61 males, 56famales) and 41 patients treated by orthognathic surgery. The following results were obtained : 1. The craniocervical angle of mandibular prognathism group was smaller than the normal group and significantly increased postoperatively. 2. The craniocervical angle showed a significant relationship with the hyoid bone position in both group. 3. The position of the hyoid bone was more anteroinferiorly positioned in the mandibular prognathism group and moved posteriorly after surgery. 4. The change of craniocervical angle was most sensitive to the change of hyoid bone postoperatively. 5. The pharyngeal area showed a positive correlation with the pharyngeal depth. There was no significance between the mandibular prognathism group and the normal group. The mandibular prognathism group showed no difference of pharyngeal area between pre and postoperation. Through the above results, the following conclusion was obtained : In spite of the change of the craniofacial structure postoperatively, the change of craniocervical angle was harmonized to the change of hyoid bone with one unit, maintaining static airway adequacy.

외과적 수술을 받은 선천성 구순 구개열자의 두개 안면 형태에 관한 연구

도송희,손병화 대한치과교정학회 1993 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.23 No.4

A cephalometric study was undertaken to reveal significant differences of craniofacial morphology of operated congenital cleft lip and palate subjects and control subjects. The material for this study consisted of 73 subjects with operated congenital cleft lip and palate subjects(53 males, 20 females) and 110 control subjects (7 males, 34 females) ranging from 3 to 14 years old. Each group was divided into four age groups (3-5, 6-8, 9-11, 12-14 year) and analyzed by Coben's method and Burstone's method. The following conclusions were obtained ; 1. In Wit's appraisal, there was no difference the cleft lip and palate subjects and the control subjects. 2. In the cleft lip and palate subjects, they had smaller and more retrusive maxilla than the control subjects in both sexes. 3. In the cleft lip and palate subjects, they had more retrusive mandible than the control subjects in both sexes. 4. In the cleft lip and palate subjects, they had more concave profile than the control subjects.

치열 공간 부조화와 두개안면골격 형태의 상관성

김요숙,정애진,강경화,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.4

치열 공간 부조화에 영향을 미치는 골격 및 치성요소를 알아보기 위하여 하악 치열궁내 총생을 보이는 성인 45명과 공극을 보이는 성인 39명의 Ⅰ급 부정 교합 환자와 정상적인 배열을 갖는 성인 40명을 선정하여 측모 두부방사선사진과 모형을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.공극군보다 총생군의 ANB각이 컸다. 2.공극군보다 총생군이 하악골 및 상악골의 전하방 경사가 커서 안모의 수직적 양상이 심했다. 3. 총생군보다 공극군이 전두개저와 하악체 길이가 컸다. 4. ANB 각, 전안면 고경과 하악지 길이가 공간 부조화 양의 예측에 기여하며, 다음과 같은 회귀방정식이 산출되었다. space discrepancy = 46.51 - 2.51ANB - 0.58AFH + 0.65RH (R² = 0.40) The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the space discrepancy of the mandibular dentition and craniofacial morphology in adults with good Angle class I occlusion. Dental casts of normal group, crowded group and spaced group were selected on the basis of dental crowding and spacing. Subjects with excessive space to accomodate the lower teeth were classified as spaced group(39). Subjects with a space discrepancy of more than 4mm were classified as crowded group(45). Normal subjects had little or no dental crowding and spacing(40). Various skeletodental measurements in lateral cephalograms were evaluated and compared by ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The results were as follows : 1. ANB angle was larger in crowded group than in spaced group. 2. Maxilla and mandible in crowded group were inclined more downward and forward than in spaced group, so crowded group was found to have vertical tendency. 3. Anterior cranial base length and mandibular body length were longer in spaced group than in crowded group. 4. According to the multiple stepwise regression analysis with space discrepancy as dependent variable, 40% of variance of space discrepancy could be explained by ANB angle, anterior facial height and ramus height. Multiple regression equation was as follows Space discrepancy=46.51-2.51ANB-0.58AFH+0.65RH