유·무인 항공영상을 이용한 심층학습 기반 녹피율 산정

한승연 ( Seungyeon Han ),이임평 ( Impyeong Lee ) 대한원격탐사학회 2021 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.37 No.6

녹피율은 행정구역면적 대비 녹지가 피복된 면적의 비율로, 실질적인 도시녹화 지표로 활용되고 있다. 현재 녹피율은 토지피복지도를 기반하여 산출되는데, 토지피복지도의 낮은 공간해상도와 일정하지 않은 제작시기는 정확한 녹피율 산출과 정밀한 녹피분석을 어렵게 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 새로운 녹피율 산출방안으로 항공영상과 심층학습을 활용한 방안을 제안한다. 항공영상은 높은 해상도와 비교적 일정한 주기로 정밀한 분석을 가능하게 하며 심층 학습은 항공영상 내 녹지를 자동으로 탐지할 수 있다. 지자체는 매년 다양한 목적을 위해 유인항공영상을 취득하여 이를 활용해 신속하게 녹피율을 산출한다. 하지만 미리 취득된 유인항공영상은 취득 시기와 해상도, 센서와 같은 세부사항을 선택할 수 없어 정밀한 분석이 어려울 수 있다. 이러한 한계점은 다양한 센서의 탑재가 가능하고 낮은 고도의 비행으로 인해 고해상도 영상을 취득할 수 있는 무인항공기를 활용하여 보완될 수 있다. 이에 두 가지 항공영상으로부터 녹피율을 산출하였고 그 결과, 모든 녹지 유형으로부터 높은 정확도로 녹피율을 산출할 수 있었다. 하지만 유인항공영상으로부터 산출된 녹피율은 복잡한 환경에서 한계가 있었다. 이를 보완하고자 활용한 무인항공영상은 복잡한 환경에서도 높은 정확도의 녹피율을 산출할 수 있었고 추가밴드 영상을 통해 더 정밀한 녹지 영역 탐지가 가능했다. 추후 기존 유인항공영상에 새로 취득한 무인항공영상을 보완적으로 사용해 녹피율을 효과적으로 산출할 수 있을 것이라 기대된다. The green coverage ratio is the ratio of the land area to green coverage area, and it is used as a practical urban greening index. The green coverage ratio is calculated based on the land cover map, but low spatial resolution and inconsistent production cycle of land cover map make it difficult to calculate the correct green coverage area and analyze the precise green coverage. Therefore, this study proposes a new method to calculate green coverage area using aerial images and deep neural networks. Green coverage ratio can be quickly calculated using manned aerial images acquired by local governments, but precise analysis is difficult because components of image such as acquisition date, resolution, and sensors cannot be selected and modified. This limitation can be supplemented by using an unmanned aerial vehicle that can mount various sensors and acquire high-resolution images due to low-altitude flight. In this study, we proposed a method to calculate green coverage ratio from manned or unmanned aerial images, and experimentally verified the proposed method. Aerial images enable precise analysis by high resolution and relatively constant cycles, and deep learning can automatically detect green coverage area in aerial images. Local governments acquire manned aerial images for various purposes every year and we can utilize them to calculate green coverage ratio quickly. However, acquired manned aerial images may be difficult to accurately analyze because details such as acquisition date, resolution, and sensors cannot be selected. These limitations can be supplemented by using unmanned aerial vehicles that can mount various sensors and acquire high-resolution images due to low-altitude flight. Accordingly, the green coverage ratio was calculated from the two aerial images, and as a result, it could be calculated with high accuracy from all green types. However, the green coverage ratio calculated from manned aerial images had limitations in complex environments. The unmanned aerial images used to compensate for this were able to calculate a high accuracy of green coverage ratio even in complex environments, and more precise green area detection was possible through additional band images. In the future, it is expected that the rust rate can be calculated effectively by using the newly acquired unmanned aerial imagery supplementary to the existing manned aerial imagery.

Optimal Coverage Algorithm of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Particle Swarm Optimization with Coherent Velocity

Chuanyun Wang,Enyan Sun,Feng Tian 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.9

Optimal coverage of wireless sensor networks is one of the most fundamental problems for constructing efficient perception layer of the Internet of Things. On the basis of research on spatial neighborhood, the node coverage and area coverage models are analyzed, then an optimal coverage algorithm of wireless sensor networks is proposed based on particle swarm optimization with coherent velocity. Experimental results show that the algorithm can significantly improve the network coverage; in addition, the coherent velocity can effectively avoid network prematurely into a local optimal solution, so as to enhance the network coverage.

MRI 보험급여 적용이 진료이용량에 미치는 영향: 한 종합병원의 청구자료를 중심으로

김선희 ( Seon Hee Kim ),김춘배 ( Chun Bae Kim ),조경희 ( Kyung Hee Cho ),강임옥 ( Im Ok Kang ) 한국보건행정학회 2008 보건행정학회지 Vol.18 No.2

As medical insurance had been implemented for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) from January 1,2005, this study investigated whether there had been any change in the amount of the medical care utilization of patients who undertook MRI before and after the insurance coverage, and was to examine factors affecting the amount of medical care utilization of MRI. Data were collected from patients who undertook MRI before and after the insurance coverage for a year at a general hospital in Kyeonggi-do. Χ2 and t-test were used for the analysis of their general characteristics, the number of MRI, and its medical costs before and after the insurance coverage, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis for the factors affecting the amount of the medical care utilization of MRI. The results of this study were as follows. First, the number of MRI after the insurance coverage was significantly decreased. Second, there was no significant difference in the total medical costs of MRI after the insurance coverage, but a significant difference was found in patient`s share of medical costs. Third, six variables were found to be affecting the amount of the medical care utilization of MRI, and the variables showed to lead the number of MRI decrease after the insurance coverage. These six factors explained 21.4% of the total number of MRI. As MRI had been covered by insurance, the use of MRI a nd patient`s share of the costs were deceased, but the total medical costs were not affected. Reasons for that could be found in that MRI insurance, different from the case of CT insurance coverage, was allowed not to cover some items and the kinds of diseases subjected to the insurance coverage were extremely limited, lowering insurance prescription rate. In addition to that, the average medical cost of MRI was not changed after the insurance coverage. Therefore, as future measures for the MRI insurance coverage, it should be considered to allow insurance coverage to no coverage items and to expand the scope of benefit coverage, or to lower patient`s share of the costs. Furthermore, researches should be done to explore how recipients will act and how suppliers will react if the coverage is expanded, including expanding the scope of coverage and reducing patient`s share of the costs, as well as to conduct research on its economic analysis according to case mix.

애널리스트 커버리지 중단과기업가치의 관련성에 관한 연구

임병권 ( Byungkwon Lim ),윤평식 ( Pyung Sig Yoon ) 한국재무관리학회 2015 財務管理硏究 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구는 분석기업에 대한 애널리스트 커버리지 중단의 사적정보 가능성을 분석하고, 커버리지 중단 이전과 이후의 정보환경 변화를 토대로 애널리스트 활동이 투자자들에게 유용한 정보를 제공해 주는지를 고찰하였다. 본 연구의 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 분석표본은 향후 경영성과가 악화되었고 음(-)의 초과수익이 지속되었으며 대응표본과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 애널리스트의 커버리지 중단과 향후 기업가치는 관련성이 존재함을 확인 가능하였다. 둘째, 커버리지 기간 동안에 분석표본과 대응표본의 낙관적 예측편의는 지속되었다. 한편, 커버리지 중단일 이전 기간을 세분화한 결과를 보면 모든 기간에서 커버리지가 계속된 기업보다 중단된 기업의 예측편의가 더 낙관적으로 나타났다. 따라서 애널리스트는 커버리지 중단일까지 분석기업의 향후 전망을 긍정적으로 인지하고 있음을 확인 가능하였다. 이는 부정적인 정보를 획득한 애널리스트가 차후 보고서에 해당 정보를 반영하지 않고 커버리지를 중단한 것으로 해석 가능하다. 따라서 애널리스트의 커버리지 중단 결정은 기업가치에 대한 부정적인 사적정보가 포함되어 있음을 추론 가능하였다. 셋째, 유동성으로 측정한 정보비대칭에 대해 매도-매수 스프레드는 증가하며 대응표본과 유의한 차이를 보였고, 분석표본 중에서 애널리스트 활동이 활발할수록 Amihud(2002) 비유동성은 증가하였다. 따라서 애널리스트의 커버리지 중단 이후에 투자자들의 정보비대칭은 증가하는 것으로 판단된다. 즉, 애널리스트 커버리지 중단 결정은 부정적인 정보를 포함하고 있으며 그들이 직면한 이해상충으로 인해 부정적인 정보전달에 제한이 있을 수 있음을 확인 가능하였다. This study examines whether the decision made by financial analysts to discontinue coverage contains negative information on firm value. We analyzed the changes in operating performance, the firm value, the forecast biases of analysts, and illiquidity of 855 coverage-discontinuing firms and the same number of coverage-continuing firms. The major empirical findings are summarized as follows. First, the operating performance deteriorates and the firm value decreases after the coverage termination. In addition, there are significant differences in the operating performance and the firm value changes between the coverage-discontinuing and the coverage-continuing firms. Second, firms which discontinued coverage show larger optimistic forecast biases than the firms which continued coverage in all of the sub-periods. It suggests that analysts view the future of the coverage-discontinuing firms more favorably before discontinuation of the coverage and that they simply discontinue the coverage rather than reflect negative information in their later reports once they have negative information. Third, Amihud`s Illiquidity and bid-ask spread increase after the coverage-termination. Overall, analysts do not report unfavorable information in their reports due to the conflict-of-interest problem. Therefore, the analysts` decisions to discontinue the coverage contain negative information on firm value.

국민건강보험의 보장성 강화를 위한 요양급여제도 개선방안에 대한 연구

정선우 ( Sunwoo Chung ) 안암법학회 2019 안암 법학 Vol.0 No.58

국민건강보험은 전(全) 국민 가입과 보험자 통합 이후인 2000년대 초반부터 보장성 확대ㆍ강화에 대한 논의가 본격적으로 시작되었고, 현재도 보장성 강화는 국민건강보험제도의 가장 큰 이슈라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 정부의 지속적인 보장성 강화 정책 추진과 막대한 건강보험 재정의 투입에도 불구하고 지난 10년간 건강보험 보장률은 60% 초반에 정체되어 있는 실정이다. 국민건강보험의 보장성 강화는 우리 헌법이 사회국가원리를 헌법의 기본원리로 채택하고 있는 이상 그 헌법적 정당성에 대해서는 이론이 있을 수 없다. 그러나 한정된 의료자원과 보험재정이라는 현실적 조건하에서 국민건강보험의 보장성을 강화하기 위해서는 어떠한 의료서비스를 국민건강보험의 급여대상으로 포함할 것인지, 어떠한 의료서비스를 먼저 급여화할 것인지, 환자들의 본인부담을 낮추는 조치는 어떠한 기준으로 시행할 것인지 등에 대하여 사회적 합의를 바탕으로 한 일정한 원칙과 기준이 있어야 한다. 이와 같이, 국민건강보험의 보장성 강화에 있어 법치국가적 한계는 무엇이고, 보장성 강화 정책의 결정에 있어 민주적 합의에 기초한 절차적 정당성을 어떻게 확보할 것인가에 대한 연구의 필요성이 존재하고, 이는 국민건강보험의 보장성 수준을 결정하는 요양급여제도의 문제점과 이에 대한 개선방안을 검토하는 것에서 출발해야 한다. 따라서 이 논문은 국민건강보험의 보장성 강화를 위한 법적ㆍ제도적 수단으로 기능하는 요양급여제도에 대한 검토를 통해 현행 법제의 문제점을 분석하고, 이를 개선하기 위한 방안은 무엇인지 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 국민건강보험의 보장성 강화와 그 법적ㆍ제도적 기초로서 요양급여제도에 대한 이해를 바탕으로, 이 논문은 요양급여제도의 문제점과 개선방안으로서 국민건강보험 보장성 강화에 관한 일관된 원칙과 기준의 정립, 전문적 평가절차의 실질화, 건강보험정책심의위원회의 민주적 운영에 대하여 고찰하였다. Since the early 2000s, when the application of National Health Insurance was mandated to all citizens and insurance carriers were integrated, discussions on the expansion and augmentation of coverage have been ongoing. Even today, enhancing coverage is one of the most contentious issues regarding National Health Insurance. However, despite consistent enforcement of government policy to enhance coverage and considerable investment in health insurance, the coverage rate of health insurance for incurred medical charges covered has been stagnant in the low 60 % for the past decade. It is incontestable that enhancing National Health Insurance coverage has constitutional justification since the Korean Constitution adopts the Social State Principle as one of its fundamental constitutional principles. Even so, enhancing National Health Insurance coverage within the realistic context of limited health care resources and insurance finance necessitates the establishment of principles and standards derived from a social consensus regarding the specific health care services that should be included in National Health Insurance benefits, determination of the health care services that should be provided first, and establishment of standards for the measures that should be undertaken to reduce patient co-payments. Therefore, there is the need for examination regarding the limitation of improving coverage of National Health Insurance provided by a constitutional state and approaches to ensure procedural justification based on a democratically-derived consensus over policy decisions regarding coverage augmentation. Such research should start from an investigation of problems and formulation of improvement options for the health care benefit system with the aim of determining the level of National Health Insurance coverage. Thus, the purpose of the present study is as follows: examination of the health care benefit system, which function as legal and systematical means to increase National Health Insurance coverage regarding medical expenses; analysis of the deviation of the current legal system; identify options to ameliorate such problems. Based on the understanding of the health care benefit system that form the legal and systematic basis for National Health Insurance coverage enhancement, measures for such can be proposed as follows: Providing principles and standards for coverage improvement should be established, professional evaluation methods should be implemented, and the Deliberation Committee of National Health Insurance Policy should be administered democratically.

A Coverage Function for Arbitrary Testing Profile and Its Performance

Park Joong-Yang,Fujiwara Takaji,Park Jae-Heung The Korean Reliability Society 2005 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.6 No.2

Coverage-based software reliability growth models (SRGMs) have been developed and successfully applied in practice. Performance of a coverage-based SRG M depends on the coverage function employed by the SRGM. When the coverage function represents the coverage growth behavior well irrespective of type of the testing profile the corresponding coverage-based SRGM is expected to be widely applicable. This paper first conducts a study of selecting the most representative coverage functions among the available coverage functions. Then their performances are empirically evaluated and compared. The result provides a foundation for developing widely applicable coverage-based SRGMs and monitoring the progress of a testing process.

한국 언론의 러시아 보도 분석:내용분석과 심층인터뷰 방법론을 중심으로

손영준,최현철 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2011 중소연구 Vol.35 No.2

Although a number of studies have examined the Korea-Russia relationships and their impact on the Korean society, few have investigated Korean media’s news coverage of Russia and few have examined how Korean journalists think about their news coverage on Russia. In this regard, this study examines how Korean media portray various issues associated with Russia in terms of salience and qualities of news coverage. It also investigates how Korean journalists think their news coverage in terms of the ways Korean media address Russian issues. We first conducted a content analysis of news stories from two major newspapers in Korea─the Donga Ilbo and the Hankyoreh. For the 2004-2010 periods, the two papers presented a gradually diminishing coverage on Russian issues. Their qualities of news coverage reflected more episodic and fragmentary information, rather than thematic and comprehensive ideas. While they portrayed Russia with rather positive frames when economic, financial and cultural issues are concerned, they delivered mostly neutral tones on political, diplomatic and military issues. Second, we performed in-depth interviews with international news editors in major newspapers and television stations in Korea. They suggested that the global news in Korea should be diversified in terms of news items and frames. They recommended that, to overcome the oversupply of news from U.S. and China, the Korean media should give more space and time for Russian news coverage. Some helpful ways, such as setting up exchange programs and joint coverage teams between Korean and Russian journalists, are suggested to enhance mutual understanding and to engender more newsworthy coverage. 러시아가 국제 사회에서 강대국으로 재등장하고 있음에도 우리 언론은 모스크바 특파원을 철수시키고 있다. 러시아의 전략적 중요성에도 불구하고 한국 언론에서 러시아가 차지하는 비중은 갈수록 줄어들고 있다. 이런 문제의식을 바탕으로 본 연구는 다음 두 가지를 살펴보고자 했다. 첫째, 한국 언론의 러시아 보도 특징을 내용분석(content analysis)을 통해 알아보았다. 둘째, 한국 언론의 러시아 보도 특징을 국제뉴스 에디터와의 심층인터뷰(in-depth interview)를 통해 파악했다. 분석결과, 우리 언론의 러시아 보도량은 감소하고 있으며, 질적으로는 단편적․일회적 뉴스가 많았다. 러시아 국내 뉴스보다는 한국과의 관계적 특성을 반영한 뉴스가 절반 가까이 됐다. 또한 러-미, 러-중 관계에 대한 보도는 대단히 부족했다. 한국 언론은 러시아를 경제/금융, 문화/예술 분야에서 우호적으로, 그리고 정치/외교, 군사/안보 분야에서 중립적으로 프레임하고 있다. 국제뉴스 에디터들은 미국․중국 중심의 뉴스 편식 현상을 극복하기 위해 러시아 보도를 늘릴 필요가 있다고 생각하고 있으며, 언론인 교류․공동 취재․ 취재원 다양화․새로운 소재 발굴 등을 과제로 제시했다. 이런 결과는 우리의 국제적 시각이 특정 국가 위주로 편향될 수 있으며 다양한 시각의 확보를 위해 노력할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

5.31 동시지방선거 방송보도 분석: 중앙방송과 지방방송 비교

반현,이현숙 한국방송공사 2006 방송 문화 연구 Vol.18 No.2

The study examined the differences between network and local television coverage on 2006 local election in Korea, as well as the coverage change from before and after the election, based on its themes, images, and types. The results indicated that, in general, the television news coverage on 5.31 election did not improve in their contents, compared to the previous election coverages. More specifically, local television tended to be more strategic than the network coverage. That is, even though local coverage did a good job in focusing more on candidates, mostly it tended to emphasis on a particular candidate’s campaign strategy or on illegal campaign activities, which the previous research has criticized. Consequently the kinds of negative coverage make voters cynical and indifferent towards politics and vote. In terms of issue coverage, there was no difference between network and local TV. Most of issue coverage include policyoriented rather than political and individual issues. This is partly why during the local election, "manifesto" campaign was popular among the candidates, which then the media reflected the phenomena. Nevertheless, the amount of issue coverage was relatively small. Finally, regarding the visual images of television news, the local televisions were more likely to use the "reference" shots, while the network coverage included more "on-location" ones. The reasons of this difference were partly due to “bad” and limited situation of men power and inancial support from the local television stations.

공정대표의무의 적용범위 획정

임청아 서울대학교노동법연구회 2023 노동법연구 Vol.- No.54

The duty of fair representation stipulated in Article 29-4 of the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act stipulates the subject, counterparty, content, and remedy for violations in the text of the law, but does not separately stipulate the scope of application(coverage) and the effect of violations. While criticism is being raised as to whether the duty of fair representation is properly playing its role as an institutional device that complements the constitutionality of system of simplification of bargaining windows, this thesis sought to explore the criteria for defining the coverage of the duty of fair representation through interpretation theory Defining the coverage of the duty of fair representation means discussing the area in which the duty of fair representation functions, and also means working to sort out the object to determine whether or not the duty of fair representation has been violated (existence of discrimination and existence of reasonable reasons). If the coverage of the duty of fair representation is defined and the areas that bear the duty of fair representation are identified, discrimination between unions that can be regulated through the duty of fair representation and discrimination between unions that cannot be regulated through the duty of fair representation can be distinguished. This will make the discrimination between unions that cannot be regulated through the duty of fair representation more visible, bringing awareness of a problem whether the duty of fair representation needs to be institutional supplemented or other systems need to be improved. The coverage of the duty of fair representation is discussed centering on two axes: temporal coverage and objective coverage. Considering the significance and introduction background of the duty of fair representation, this thesis tried to find the criteria for defining the coverage in relation to the system of simplification of bargaining windows, defined and presented the criteria that the temporal coverage is maintenance period of status of representative bargaining trade union, and objective coverage is exclusive authority(power of representation) of representative bargaining trade union. 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제29조의4에서 규정하고 있는 공정대표의무는 법 문언상 주체, 상대방, 내용, 위반에 대한 구제에 대하여 정하고 있을 뿐 적용범위, 위반의 효과 등에 대하여 별도로 정하고 있지 않다. 공정대표의무가 교섭창구 단일화 제도의 합헌성을 보완하는 제도적 장치로서 역할을 제대로 하고 있는지에 대해 비판이 제기되는 가운데, 본 논문은 공정대표의무의 적용범위 획정 기준에 대해 해석론으로 모색하고자 하였다. 공정대표의무의 적용범위를 획정한다는 것은 공정대표의무가 기능하는 영역에 대한 논의이자, 공정대표의무 위반 여부(차별의 존재 및 합리적 이유 존부)를 판단할 대상을 가려내는 작업을 한다는 것을 의미한다. 공정대표의무의 적용범위를 획정하여 공정대표의무를 부담하는 영역을 밝힌다면 공정대표의무를 통해 규율할 수 있는 조합 간 차별과 공정대표의무를 통해 규율할 수 없는 조합 간 차별을 구별할 수 있을 것이다. 이는 공정대표의무를 통해 규율할 수 없는 조합 간 차별을 보다 가시화하여, 공정대표의무의 제도적 보완이 필요한지 혹은 다른 제도의 정비가 필요한지 문제의식을 가져다 줄 것이다. 공정대표의무의 적용범위는 시간적 적용범위 및 대상적 적용범위 두 축을 중심으로 논의를 전개한다. 공정대표의무의 의의 및 도입배경을 고려하여, 교섭창구 단일화 제도와의 관계에서 적용범위 획정 기준을 모색하고자 하였으며 시간적 적용범위는 교섭대표노동조합의 지위유지기간으로, 대상적 적용범위는 교섭대표노동조합의 배타적 권한(대표권)으로 그 기준을 획정하여 제시하였다.

News values, media coverage, and audience attention : An analysis of direct and mediated causal relationships

이종혁 한국언론학회 2009 한국언론학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2009 No.6-5

This study examined causal relationships among news values,media coverage, and audienceattention. The main hypothesis was that newsworthy events receive a large amount of media coverage and, triggered by the intense media coverage,receive much attention from the audience. One hundred and four news events in 2007 were selected and their news values — deviance and social significance - were measured according to Shoemaker and her colleagues' newsworthiness model. Then, media coverage of and audience attention to the events were obtained from Pew research center's two data sources: the News Coverage Index (under the Project for Excellence in Journalism) and the News Interest Index. A structural equation model showed a significant effect of news values on the amount of media coverage and also a significant effect of the media coverage on audience attention. Further, news values indirectly influenced audience attention,mediated by the media coverage. In addition,social significance had a direct influence on audience attention. This study is one of the first attempts to investigate news values in the context of both news production and news consumption simultaneously.