Evaluation of antibacterial activity against Candida albicans according to the dosage of various denture cleansers

Cha-Hwan Bae,Yun-Kyong Lim,Joong-Ki Kook,Mee-Kyoung Son,Yu-Ri Heo 대한치과보철학회 2021 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.13 No.2

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial activity of currently purchasable denture cleansers against Candida albicans. Materials and methods. This study used tablet-type denture cleansers, Polident(R), Coolingdent(R) and Fittydent(R), along with liquid denture cleansers, Hexamedine(R), Listerine(R) and Apple vinegar(R). The antibacterial activities of denture cleansers were evaluated based on the number of C. albicans and concentrations of the denture cleansers. Results. In the 0.5 × 106 cfu/㎖ culture medium, the C. albicans’ death rate of Polident(R) was significantly lower than those of Fittydent(R), Hexamedine(R), Listerine(R), and Apple vinegar(R)(P <.05). In the 0.5 × 107 cfu/, the C. albicans ’ death rates of Polident(R) and Coolingdent(R) were significantly lower than those of Fittydent(R), Hexamedine(R), Listerine(R) and Apple vinegar(R)(P <.05). The C. albicans death rates of Polident(R) and Coolingdent(R) were significantly decreased at 0.02 g and 0.01 g. The C. albicans death rate of Fittydent(R) was significantly decreased at 0.005 g (P <.05). The C. albicans death rate of Hexamedine(R) was significantly decreased at 1/16 dilution. The C. albicans death rate of Listerine(R) was decreased at 1/8 dilution, and the antibacterial activity of Apple vinegar(R) was decreased at 1/4 dilution (P <.05). Conclusion. As the number of C. albicans increased, the antibacterial activities of the denture cleansers decrease. In the tablet-type denture cleanser, all denture cleansers showed 100% C. albicans death rate when used at a dose of 1 tablet. One denture cleanser showed the same antibacterial effect with only 1/3 of a tablet. In the liquid type denture cleanser, the level of dilution required was different for each denture cleanser.

피부유형에 따른 딥클린저의 각질제거 효과 비교

윤영한,심아름,김래경,김보란,남궁현,김기영 한국피부과학연구원 2009 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.7 No.4

Few years ago, peeling is useful procedure for cosmetic improvement of skin such as remove dead surface cells from the stratum corneum or for treatment of some skin disorders. So that, the aim of this study is effect of keratolysis and content of moisture and sebum in dry skin and oily skin by treatment of three different deep cleanser. 18 volunteers (6 men and 12 women) were divided to 2 groups such as dry skin and oily skin, and face of volunteers were treated with biological (enzyme)-, physical (scrub)-, and chemical (15% glycolic acid)-deep cleanser in 2 weeks. Content of sebum, moisture and keratin was measured before and after cleansing and deep cleansing on face by using of skin diagnostic instrument. In the result, the highest decreasing of sebum content was shown in treatment of chemical deep cleanser (25.4%) in dry skin and physical deep cleanser (59.9%) in oily skin. The highest decreasing of moisture content was revealed in dry and oily skin after chemical deep cleansing(40.2%, 46.8%). Decrease percentage of keratin is as a remove superfical keratin that was the highest value in dry skin by treatment of physical deep cleanser (17.9%) and in oily skin by chemical deep cleanser(38.8%). And the best effect of surface keratin remove was revealed in dry skin and oily skin by treatment of physical and chemical deep cleanser in observation of skin analysis instrument. Thereby, melanin depigmentation was appeared in oily skin after using of chemical deep cleanser. In conclusion, biological deep cleanser may be used better for dry oily skin, physical deep cleanser for dry skin and chemical deep cleanser for oily skin and/or acne skin with white- and black head acne. 필링제는 의학분야를 넘어서 미용분야에서도 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 진피의 손상과 피부 화상을 유도하는 의학적 필링제가 아닌 미용에서 사용할 수 있는 딥클린저(물리적, 화학적, 생물학적)의 효과를 비교하고자 20대 남성 6명과 여성 12명의 동의를 얻어 건성피부와 지성피부로 구분하고 일주일에 1회씩 2주간 시술하여 피부진단기로 유·수분의 변화와 각질량의 변화를 분석 및 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 유분량의 감소가 가장 크게 나타난 것은 건성피부에서 화학적 딥클린저가 25.4%, 지성피부에서 물리적 딥클린저가 59.9%이었다. 수분량의 변화는 화학적 딥클린저가 건성피부에서 40.2%, 지성피부에서 46.8%가 감소하였다. 각질량은 건성피부에서 물리적 딥클린저가 17.9%이었고, 지성피부에서 화학적 필링제가 38.8%로 가장 크게 감소하였다. 20배의 배율에서 건성피부와 지성피부를 관찰했을 때 물리적 그리고 화학적 딥클린저는 각질 제거와 함께 모공 주위가 깨끗해지고, 흑면포가 많이 제거되었으며, 두 딥클린저 사이에는 효과의 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 생물학적 딥클린저는 유․수분량 그리고 각질량의 감소가 다른 두가지 딥클린저 보다 낮았고, 육안적 확인에서도 각질제거 효과가 가장 약했다. 따라서 화학적 딥클린저는 유․수분과 각질량의 감소 폭이 크기 때문에 여드름, 백면포와 흑면포가 많은 지성피부에 효과가 좋고, 생물학적 딥클린저는 유분 감소가 다른 딥클린저보다 낮기 때문에 지건성 피부 그리고 물리적 딥클린저는 수분 감소와 각질 감소가 화학적 딥클린저 보다 낮기 때문에 수분이 부족한 건성피부에 사용하는 것이 더욱 좋은 효과를 기대 할 수 있다고 사료된다.

여성청결제 사용 실태와 만족도에 대한 연구

김정숙,김금란 대한피부미용학회 2015 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.13 No.2

In this study, over the age of 20 to 50 of 403 women, to the feminine cleanser for use feminine cleanser and whether the four major factors (usability, availability, safety and reliability) for expectation value, according to the correlation between user group and non-user group, and satisfaction survey. Feminine cleanser on four major factors for the complete expectation value ‘safety (M: 4.11)’, by age, be between 30 and 39 is of the factors about ‘validity (M: 3.91)’ ‘stability (M: 4.16)’, while there 40 or 50 years of age and older the high expectation value report. 43.7% of the study subjects (176 people) using a feminine cleanser (FUG) and had 227 people (56.3%) have been investigated as to not use (FNG). The differences in the two groups of expectation value FUG and FNG ‘safety (p<.05)’ factor appears to be relevant. Expectation on women’s FUG and satisfaction ‘safety (p<.01)’ and ‘efficacy (p<.001)’ statistical difference was greater in the factors. On the other hand, the correlation of the four major factors, while feminine cleanser FNG is 20~29 years count ‘safety (44.1%), 30~39, 40~49 years count ‘stability (38.1%, 40.4%), and 50 years of age and over the research that has been recognized as a major factor of ‘effectiveness (68.2%)’. Therefore, there is a difference of opinion on women according to age significantly feminine cleanser, and it was found that there is a significant difference in the perception and satisfaction with the main reason, even the same age feminine cleanser. In accordance with the used or non-used. Subsequent a study of the development of programs that can be positioned as fundamental cosmetics to enhance the perception of the feminine cleanser.

국내 판매중인 여성청결제의 사용실태 및 함유 보존제 분석

김완서(Wanseo Kim),윤영인(Youngin Youn),이고운(Gowoon Lee),박나연(Na-Youn Park),고영림(Younglim Kho),최경호(Kyungho Choi) 한국환경보건학회 2018 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives: Preservatives, suspected to be endocrine disrupting chemicals, are widely used in feminine hygiene products for the prevention of deterioration. Information regarding the usage patterns of feminine hygiene products and the concentrations of preservatives in these products is limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the use of feminine cleansers among Korean women and quantify the concentration of preservatives in feminine cleansers. Methods: Approximately 500 women were recruited from the city of Busan in August 2017 and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the use of feminine cleansers. Several major feminine hygiene products (n=69) were identified and selected for analysis of 22 preservatives. Following appropriate preparation, the products were analyzed by HPLC/DAD. Results: Over 70% of the participating women used at least one feminine cleanser. Marital status and parity were associated with the frequency of use. Liquid was most frequently used form of feminine cleanser (66.6%). The greatest proportion of subjects answered that they use it ‘one to two times per week’ (36.5%). Among the 69 feminine cleansers, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, phenoxyethanol, and methyl paraben were detected at 144-4,428 μg/g, 195-1,470 μg/g, 269-4,237 μg/g, and 625-4,901 μg/g, respectively. BA was the most frequently detected (46.4%). Conclusions: In the present study, the characteristics of feminine cleanser use among Korean women were investigated. Based on an analysis of preservatives in the feminine hygiene products, one product was determined to exceed the maximum authorized concentration of MeP (0.4%). Our results will help refine exposure and risk assessment for toxic chemicals in feminine cleansers.

Customer satisfaction of feminine cleanser containing human stem cell conditioned media

Vira Kchorng,Subham Sharma,Johny Bajgai,Ailyn Fadriquela,Md. Habibur Rahman,Cheol-Su Kim,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2021 한국물학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Feminine cleanser is widely used for feminine hygiene because the vulva and vaginal surface are the most sensitive and fragile area. In particular, decreased estrogen level during menopause can cause genital symptoms (e.g., dryness, burning and irritation), sexual symptoms (e.g., lack of lubrication, pain, and impaired function) and urinary symptoms (e.g., urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection). Recently, commercial feminine cleanser shows the enhanced functions related with feminine health such as moisturizing, elasticity and anti-bacterial effect as well as cleaning. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the feminine cleanser (CellZyme Secret Therapy Plus, Pharmacal International Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea) on various female-related symptoms in the women who have used this cleanser for over 1 month. The feminine cleanser used in this study was jelly-type formulation and it contains functional substances including human mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media (150,000ppm), peptides and various natural plant extract. The questionaire items were odor, leukorrhea, itching, dryness, vaginal contractile force, urinary incontinence and menstrual cramps. We divided into 5 grades according to the improvement degree of symptom: none (1), a little (2), moderate (3), good (4), and very good (5). Data was analyzed by using the IBM® SPSS® statistics tool. A total of 46 women responded on the survey, among them 28.26% was involved in the menopausal stage and 84% responded to be satisfied with the effect of the cleanser. According to the symptoms, respondents replied to have experienced positive effect (2 - 5 grades) as follows: foul smell 87%, leukorrhea 90%, and itching 96%, vaginal dryness 87%, vaginal contractile force 83%, urinary incontinence 61% and menstruation cramp (58%). In conclusion, the use of feminine cleanser is expected to useful for feminine hygiene and women's health through improvement of vulvar and vaginal environment such as pH and microflora.

Effects of Denture Cleansers on Candida albicans Biofilm and Physical Property of Denture Base Materials

Min-Young Ko,조자원,유현준,Myung-Gu Lee,Yeol-Mae Jeon,김다희,Sung-Gin Kim 대한예방치과학회 2021 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.17 No.3

Objective: This study was to investigate and compare the antifungal activity of commercial denture cleansers sold in Korea against C. albicans biofilms and to analyze changes induced in the physical properties of denture base acrylic resin, by denture cleansers. Methods: A specimen of denture base material was fabricated using polymethylmethacrylate acid for the formation of C. albicans and physical analysis. C. albicans biofilm was formed on the denture base acrylic resins using Ham’s F-12 medium in a 5% CO2 incubator. The biofilms were treated with denture cleansers such as ClinicDent, DENTFIX, PolidentⓇ, and Good Habit according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and the suspension of C. albicans was inoculated on an agar plate after disrupting the biofilm. The denture base acrylic resins were treated with denture cleansers for 90 days, and surface roughness, surface hardness, and color change were analyzed using an atomic force microscope, Vickers microhardness device, and colorimeter, respectively. Results: PolidentⓇ and Good Habit showed the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilm, and DENTFIX showed the weakest antifungal activity against the biofilm, compared to the others. The denture cleansers used in this study significantly increased the surface roughness of the denture base acrylic resins (p<0.05). PolidentⓇ and Good Habit-treated resins showed significantly less surface hardness compared to that of the control (p<0.05). Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in terms of physical changes among the denture cleansers-treated denture base acrylic resins. PolidentⓇ and Good Habit had stronger antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilm than the other cleansers. Based on the results, PolidentⓇ and Good Habit are suitable for use among denture wearers.

고추장 묘사분석을 위한 프로토콜 개발: 입가심물질 중심으로

이은혜,정서진,유선미,한귀정,Lee, Eun-Hye,Chung, Seo-Jin,Yu, Seon-Mi,Han, Kui-Jeong 한국식품조리과학회 2013 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

This study was conducted to establish an effective palate cleanser when conducting descriptive analysis for gochujang products. In addition, descriptive analysis procedure for gochujang products was optimized. A generic descriptive analysis was performed on 4 types of gochujang samples varying in hot and spicy levels. The sensory attributes developed were 9 odors, 13 flavors, 4 texture and mouth feel attributes, and 4 appearance attributes. In order to select an effective palate cleanser for gochujang, 5 types of cleansers were tested (water, water+bread, water+cucumber, water+milk, water+cracker). Correct answering rate, significant numbers of product effect on sensory attributes, and the mean hot and spicy intensity values were considered to select the optimal palate cleanser. Results showed that as the hot & spicy level increased, red pepper odor and flavor significantly increased whereas umami taste intensity decreased. When comparing the efficiencies of various palate cleanser, the correct answer rates were the highest when warm water was used with either cucumber or cracker. Additionally, the attribute intensities were better differentiated between gochujang samples when cracker, white wheat bread, or cucumber were used. Overall, warm water with cucumber or cracker were shown to be the most effective cleansers.

연구논문 : 고추장 묘사분석을 위한 프로토콜 개발: 입가심물질 중심으로

이은혜 ( Eun Hye Lee ),정서전 ( Seo Jin Chung ),유선미 ( Seon Mi Yu ),한귀정 ( Gwi Jung Han ) 한국식품조리과학회(구 한국조리과학회) 2013 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

This study was conducted to establish an effective palate cleanser when conducting descriptive analysis for gochujang products. In addition, descriptive analysis procedure for gochujang products was optimized. A generic descriptive analysis was performed on 4 types of gochujang samples varying in hot and spicy levels. The sensory attributes developed were 9 odors, 13 flavors, 4 texture and mouth feel attributes, and 4 appearance attributes. In order to select an effective palate cleanser for gochujang, 5 types of cleansers were tested (water,water+bread, water+cucumber, water+milk, water+cracker). Correct answering rate, significant numbers of product effect on sensory attributes, and the mean hot and spicy intensity values were considered to select the optimal palate cleanser. Results showed that as the hot & spicy level increased, red pepper odor and flavor significantly increased whereas umami taste intensity decreased. When comparing the efficiencies of various palate cleanser, the correct answer rates were the highest when warm water was used with either cucumber or cracker. Additionally, the attribute intensities were better differentiated between gochujang samples when cracker, white wheat bread, or cucumber were used. Overall, warm water with cucumber or cracker were shown to be the most effective cleansers.

P167 : Validity and reliability of a new in-vivo method for efficacy testing of skin cleansers using a digital image analysis of cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping

( Eo Gin Lee ),( Dong Joo Hyun ),( Jae Yang Park ),( Kyu Young Seo ),( Sang Eun Lee ),( Hee Jung Lee ),( Moon Soo Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Presently, only few tests have been published for evaluating the efficacy of skin cleansers, and they are neither standardized nor widely-accepted. Objectives: We developed a new in-vivo test method for the semi-quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of cleansing products and evaluated its validity and reliability. Methods: Five different skin cleansers were tested on the forearms of 25 healthy volunteers according to the washing procedure using standard dirt. We evaluated the residual amount of standard dirt on the cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping sample using a dermoscopy and an image analysis program. We also graded the cleansing power through a pattern analysis of dermoscopic images. For the comparison regarding the validity, we obtained data according to other preexisting methods using a Chromameter, Mexameter and Glossymeter. Results: The cleansing efficacy of five skin cleansers which was assessed by our new method showed significant correlations with the results from other preexisting methods using a Chromameter and Mexameter (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.826 and 0.738, respectively, P<0.001). This new method also showed a high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach`s alpha=0.997). Conclusion: We presented a new in-vivo method for assessing the cleansing efficacy of skin cleansers which was shown to be reliable and valid. Further studies are required to establish a standardized method to objectify cleansing effectiveness of skin cleansers.

Effect of denture cleansers on Candida albicans biofilm formation over resilient liners

Huh, Jung-Bo,Lim, Younghun,Youn, Hye-In,Chang, Brian Myung,Lee, Jeong-Yol,Shin, Sang-Wan The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2014 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.6 No.2

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of denture cleansers on Candida albicans biofilm formation over resilient liners and to evaluate compatibility between resilient liners and denture cleansers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Acrylic resin (Lucitone 199$^{(R)}$) and 3 resilient liners (COE-SOFT$^{TM}$, GC RELINE$^{TM}$ and SOFRELINER TOUGH TOUGH$^{(R)}$) were incubated in denture cleansers (Polident$^{(R)}$ and Cleadent$^{(R)}$) for 8 hours a day and in unstimulated saliva for 16 hours a day (n=25/gp) for 60 days. Two-way and three-way repeated measures ANOVA were performed to compare the surface roughness (Ra), pH and C. albicans binding level by radioisotope (${\alpha}$=0.05). The statistical significance of the relation between Ra and adhesion was evaluated by correlation analysis. RESULTS. The degree of Ra was significantly decreased in the following order: COE-SOFT$^{TM}$, acrylic resin, GC RELINE$^{TM}$ and SOFRELINER TOUGH$^{(R)}$. The immersion in denture cleansers significantly increased Ra of resilient liners, except for SOFRELINER TOUGH$^{(R)}$ in Cleadent$^{(R)}$. No significant differences in pH curves were observed among groups immersed in distilled water and denture cleansers. The binding levels of C. albicans were significantly decreased in the following order: COE-SOFT$^{TM}$, GC RELINE$^{TM}$, SOFRELINER TOUGH$^{(R)}$, and acrylic resin. The immersion in Cleadent$^{(R)}$ seemed to decrease C. albicans binding level on GC RELINE$^{TM}$ and SOFRELINER TOUGH$^{(R)}$. CONCLUSION. Based on the C. albicans binding levels results, it is not recommended to immerse COE-SOFT$^{TM}$ in denture cleansers, and GC RELINE$^{TM}$ and SOFRELINER TOUGH$^{(R)}$ should be immersed in Cleadent$^{(R)}$.