1930년대 부산미곡취인소의 설립과 활동

김민화 ( Kim Min-hwa ) 부경역사연구소 2018 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.42

이 글은 1932년부터 1938년까지 존속하였던 釜山米穀取引所의 설립 배경, 운영, 그리고 폐쇄되는 과정을 분석하였다. 1900년부터 부산지역 미곡상들은 쌀을 淸算去來할 수 있는 거래소의 설립을 청원하였다. 이들은 1896년 仁川米豆取引所가 세워진 전례가 있었기 때문에 거래소 설립을 요구하였지만 조선총독부는 이를 거부하였다. 그 이유는 첫째, 거래소의 투기적 성격으로 초래될 폐해를 우려하였다. 둘째, 조선총독부는 거래소가 제대로 작동하기 위해 필요한 은행과 창고 등의 경제적 기초를 조선에 확립하지 못했기 때문이다. 조선총독부는 아직 조선에서 미곡거래소를 시행할 단계가 아니라고 보고 1929년 세계대공황이 올 때까지 미곡유통정책에 관해 미온적 태도로 일관한다. 결국 미곡거래소 설립까지의 과정은 부산지역 미곡상들에게는 기득권과 이익을 얻기 위한 지난한 과정이 되었다. 부산미곡취인소는 1931년 공포된 朝鮮取引所令에 근거해 1932년 1월 1일 대구, 목포, 군산, 진남포 등과 함께 비영리 사단법인으로 설립되었다. 기존의 인천미두취인소는 京城株式現物取引市場과 합병해 주식회사 朝鮮取引所로 설립되었다. 여기에는 조선총독부의 미곡을 통제하려는 정책적 의도가 있었다. 1929년 세계대공황이후 일본의 농업경제가 큰 타격을 받았고 쌀 가격이 계속해서 떨어지는 추세였다. 이에 일본에서는 농업생산자들의 식민지 쌀을 통제해야 한다는 요구와 함께 미곡정책이 논의되었고 결국 1933년 미곡통제법이 결정되었다. 이러한 상황에서 조선총독부는 직접 조선의 미곡 가격과 수급을 조절할 필요가 있었다. 부산미곡취인소는 이러한 조선총독부 정책의 일환이었기 때문에 총독부의 철저한허가주의를 따라야 했고 영리적 목적을 배제한 사단법인이어야 했다. 또한 부산미곡취인소의 회원은 거래소가 개설한 상설시장에서 매매거래를 할 수 있는 일정한 자격을 갖춘 거래원이었다. 그러나 회원에게는 미가유지, 안정적 이출 등의 목적 달성을 위해 본질에 반하지 않는 정도의 수익만 허용됐다. 수입은 청산거래수수료와 受渡수수료로 각각 100石에 1円 10錢, 1石에 1錢이었다. 이렇듯 부산미곡취인소가 회원조직으로 된 비영리 사단법인형태를 띤 것은 주식회사제는 과당투기와 대주주의 영향력과 압력이커 거래소의 공신력을 위협하며 회사의 이익추구 성향이 강하기 때문이었다. 부산미곡취인소는 오랫동안 부진을 거듭하다 1938년 11월 1일 휴업을 하게 된다. 점차 강화되는 미곡통제 속에서 미곡 청산거래의 기능이 축소되었기 때문이다. 결국 1939년 12월 조선쌀의 배급통제를 담당하는 조선미곡시장주식회사가 설립되면서 부산미곡취인소는 8년 만에 해체되었다. 이는 일본이 전시체제로 들어가면서 국가독점자본 주의가 강화되었고 조선에서도 미곡거래소의 쌀 거래를 중지시키고 국가가 직접 미곡유통과 소비구조를 장악한 데 따른 것이었다. This study is an analysis of Busan Rice Exchange which operated from 1932 to 1938 and covers the background of its establishment, its management and course of closure. Since 1900, rice traders in the Busan area had requested for the establishment of a rice exchange where they could conduct clearing transaction. The request was based on the precedent of Incheon Rice Exchange, which was established in 1896. The Japanese Government-General of Korea, however, denied their request mainly for two reasons. First, it was concerned about the harmful consequences that might result from the speculative nature of an exchange. Second, it had not yet established in Joseon appropriate economic infrastructure including banks and storage that is necessary for a smooth operation of an exchange. In short, the Japanese Government-General of Korea thought that it was premature to establish a rice exchange in Joseon. Therefore, for the rice traders in the Busan area, establishing a rice exchange became an extremely difficult process of obtaining profit and vested rights in rice trading. Busan Rice Exchange was established as a nonprofit incorporated association on January 1, 1932 along with other rice exchanges at Daegu, Mokpo, Gunsan, and Jinnampo based on the Decree for Exchanges in Joseon promulgated in 1931. The existing Incheon Rice Exchange merged with Gyeongseong Stock and Spot Exchange Market and became Joseon Exchange Incorporated. The background to the resolution of this age-old agenda was the policy intention of the Japanese Government-General of Korea to control rice. Since the Great Depression of 1929, the agricultural economy of Japan suffered greatly and was experiencing a downward trend in the rice price. Hence, in response to the demands that the colonial rice of Japanese agricultural producers should be fundamentally controlled, rice policy was discussed in Japan, and eventually the Rice Control Act was enacted in 1933. Under this circumstances, the Japanese Government-General of Korea had to directly control the price as well as the supply and demand of rice in Joseon. Because Busan Rice Exchange was a part of the policy by the Japanese Government-General of Korea, it had to abide by the strict licensing policy of the Japanese Government-General of Korea and had to be established as an incorporated association that excludes all commercial purposes. The establishment of an exchange was determined solely based on the policy judgement of the Japanese Government-General of Korea since licensing policy mandated the approval of the authorities for founding an incorporated association. Besides, Busan Rice Exchange was an incorporated association regulated by civil law according to the Decree for Exchanges in Joseon. Incorporated association was different from incorporated foundation, which is based on a fund, in that it is based on a group of people. In this respect, it was also different from Grain Dealer Association, which was no more than a union of multiple people bound by contract. In addition, members of Busan Rice Exchange were traders equipped with a set of qualification to trade at the permanent market opened by the exchange. Yet, in order to achieve goals such as maintaining the rice price and stable clearance, they were allowed to profit within the bounds of the nature of exchange. Their earnings involved future transaction commission and delivery commission respectively at 1 Won 10 Jeon per 100 Seok and 1 Jeon per 1 Seok. The reason Busan Rice Exchange was established in the form of an incorporated association and was managed as a non-profit organization composed of members was because a stock institution could threaten the public confidence of an exchange with over speculation and excessive influence or pressure of major shareholder, and also has a strong profit-driven tendency. After going through repeated slump, Busan Rice Exchange temporarily closed on November 1, 1938, because its function for rice future transaction was scaled down under intensified rice control by the Japanese government. In the end, Busan Rice Exchange disbanded in December, 1939 after 8 years of operation upon the establishment of Joseon Rice Market Incorporated, which took charge of the distribution control of Joseon rice. As Japan entered into war footing, Busan Rice Exchange took its course of closure due to Japan’s reinforcement of state monopolistic capitalism, termination of rice trade at rice exchanges in Joseon, and direct control over the distribution and consumption structure of rice.

일제강점기 미구락부(米俱樂部)와 연시장(延市場)에 관한 연구 - 소위 ‘인취문제’와의 관련성을 중심으로 -

김명수 ( Kim Myungsoo ) 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2021 日本硏究 Vol.- No.88

This paper reviewed rice clubs and deferred markets, which had not been noticed so far, keeping in mind the connection with the so-called “Incheon Rice Exchange(IRE) Problem” which made the Gyeongin area noisy throughout the 1920s. Gyeongin means Seoul and Incheon. A rice club means a terminal store placed near Meijicho, near Keijo Stock Market, which is like a branch office established by a broker to receive orders for futures transaction of Seoul customers. A deferred market was a kind of grain market in which deferred transactions performed, which allowed payments to be postponed for up to 60 days. With the revised market rules in 1920, spot grain markets were licensed in nine regions nationwide, and deferred transaction was approved officially. However, with the forbidden net settlement, resale, and redemption, the deferred transaction changed to a similar futures transaction. The increase in the volume of deferred transactions posed a threat to the IRE. The Choseon Exchange Tax Act, enforced in April 1921, was applied only to the Incheon Rice Exchange, not to the deferred markets. This is the background for claiming that the Incheon Rice Exchange is treated discriminatingly. In addition, as the Gunsan Deferred Market attempted to enter Gyeongseong, the IRE authorized brokers’ Association moved. A movement to abolish discriminative treatment was developed. The Government-General of Korea’s countermeasures were taken in two directions. One revised the market rules in May 1930 and abolished rice clubs, which served as a branch office for IRE brokerage firm. The other was the promulgation of Choseon Exchange Act in May 1931 and the promotion of deferred markets’ to grain exchanges.

북한의 시장가격 결정 요인 분석

김일한 ( Il Han Kim ) 북한연구학회 2011 북한연구학회보 Vol.15 No.2

This dissertation focused on the operating mechanism about market and price system by using the Multiple Regression Analysis during the period of economy reform in North Korea. North Korean government have insists that the four factors effect the market price of rice; the prime cost, demand and supply, the international market price and exchange rate. However, the previous literature did not explain that which independent variable is significant as to decide the rice price in market. In this research, the dependent variable is the rice-price in the North Korea market, and four independent variables are North Korea to China`s total imports, the export price of short grain from United States, the export price of long grain (100% grade B) from Thailand, and market exchange rate of North Korea`s won against U. S. dollar. I collected the prices and exchange rate information between July 2002 and July 2009 that as North Korea implement an economy reform policy in 2002. As a result of the multiple regression analysis, the significant independent variable is the export price of long grain from Thailand so called international rice price. North Korea`s market rice price fluctuated and coupled with the international grain price, even the pattern is similar with each other in 2007 off and on. This result could be explain that firstly, North Korean government have adjusted market rice price that they considered the demand and supply in the market, international price and exchange rate since allowed the market officially. They made full use of four kinds of policies; impose a ceiling price on rice, a forced saving and financial control to adjust the amount of currency in circulation, to open the state-operated wholesale shop [domaeban] in the market and the government`s purchasing policy about the grain to strengthen the national distribution system. Moreover, these four policies failed they directly crackdown on the market. Secondly, North Korean`s market linked with global marketplace. This market is that the commodity is distributed and the price information share with international market. North Korea`s market changed from the closed domestic distributed place to economy place as to share the international business information. Therefore, international grain price information directly affected the North Korean`s grain price, especially the rice price in market. The signal of international grain price sent a message to the North Korean`s market through the market mechanism. Eventually, the North Korea`s market price adjusted official direction by government and the price information by participant of business. However, these policies cannot solve the fundamental economic problems before the increasing of commodity supply in the market. To sum up, North Korea`s government can make the price stabilization in the market until limit leverage before currency reform in 2009. However, these adjustment programs cannot solve the fundamental problems and it could cause the insecure system and made the black market in North Korea.

인터넷 양곡거래소의 설립타당성과 참여의향에 대한 조사연구

강태훈 한국협동조합학회 2008 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.26 No.1

The Internet based Grain Exchange(hereafter ‘IGE') has potentials as a market institution for discovering fair rice price. IGE seems to have both information efficiency and cost efficiency. However, since buyers concern on the rice quality, a strict standardization for rice quality is a core prerequisite for a successful grain exchange. The intention of participation to the IGE has been surveyed for rice market participants. 31.44 percent out of 69 RPCs and 27.59 percent out of 60 rice wholesalers replied affirmatively on the participation to the IGE. With the support by government on transportation cost from RPC to wholesalers for the volume traded through the IGE, the rate of intention of participation would increase to 45.80% for RPCs and 35.29% for wholesalers, respectively. The budget for the support is estimated as between 0.9 to 1.8 billion Korean Won a year, assuming 5 to 10 percent of the amount of wholesale trade being traded through the IGE. Government support to the IGE is desirable, since the exchange is a public good.

인터넷 양곡거래소의 설립타당성과 참여의향에 대한 조사연구

강태훈 한국협동조합학회 2009 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.26 No.1

The Internet based Grain Exchange(hereafter `IGE`) has potentials as a market institution for discovering fair rice price. IGE seems to have both information efficiency and cost efficiency. However, since buyers concern on the rice quality, a strict standardization for rice quality is a core prerequisite for a successful grain exchange. The intention of participation to the IGE has been surveyed for rice market participants. 31.44 percent out of 69 RPCs and 27.59 percent out of 60 rice wholesalers replied affirmatively on the participation to the IGE. With the support by government on transportation cost from RPC to wholesalers for the volume traded through the IGE, the rate of intention of participation would increase to 45.80% for RPCs and 35.29% for wholesalers, respectively. The budget for the support is estimated as between 0.9 to 1.8 billion Korean Won a year, assuming 5 to 10 percent of the amount of wholesale trade being traded through the IGE. Government support to the IGE is desirable, since the exchange is a public good.

김제 벼-보리 이모작 논에서 벼 재배기간동안의 CO2 및 에너지 플럭스의 계절적 변화

민성현 ( Sung Hyun Min ),심교문 ( Kyo Moon Shim ),김용석 ( Yong Seok Kim ),정명표 ( Myung Pyo Jung ),김석철 ( Seok Cheal Kim ),소규호 ( Kyu Ho So ) 한국농림기상학회 2013 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구는 전라북도 김제시 부량면 신용리의 벼-보리 이모작 논에 설치된 플럭스 관측시스템에서 2012년 벼 재배기간동안(6월 9일~10월 20일)에 연속적으로 관측된 플럭스자료를 활용하여, 논 생태계와 대기간의 CO2 및 에너지(현열, 잠열) 교환량의 계절적 변화를 분석하였다. CO2 및 에너지의 교환량은 미기상학적인 에디공분산법으로 추정하였고, 환경인자(순복사, 강수량 등)와 작물체 생육량(엽면적지수, 초장 등)도함께 측정·조사하였다. 관측된 플럭스자료는 보정과 결측보충의 과정을 거친 후 분석에 활용되었다. 결론적으로, 벼-보리 이모작 논 생태계에서 벼 재배기간동안의 CO2의 순생태계교환량(NEE)과 총일차생산량(GPP) 및 생태적호흡량(Re)은 각각 단위면적(m2)당-277.1, 710.3, 433.2g C로 분석되었다. Based on the results of continuous flux measurements at the Gimje paddy flux site in the southwestern coast of Korea, carbon dioxide and energy exchanges between customarily cultivated rice-barley double cropping paddy field and the atmosphere during the 2012 rice growing season (from 9th Jun. 2012 through 20th Oct. 2012) were analyzed. Carbon dioxide and energy (H, LE) fluxes were estimated by the eddy covariance method. Environmental parameters (net radiation, precipitation, etc.) and plant biomass (LAI, plant height, etc.) were measured along with fluxes. After the quality control and gap-filling, the observed fluxes were analyzed. The results have been showed that net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Re) during the rice cropping period were -277.1, 710.3, and 433.2 g C m-2, respectively.

이상 소설 「지주회시(鼅鼄會豕)」에 나타난 자본주의의 문제

김대웅 한국문학언어학회 2020 어문론총 Vol.85 No.-

Yi-Sang’s novel “Ji-Ju-Whoe-Shi(鼅鼄會豕)” did not attract much attention from researchers compared to “The Wings” published in the same year. Studies that have focused on the political aspect of this novel also pointed out that the novel satirizes capitalist human relations in which the characters try to eat each other like spiders. However, the fact that Yi-Sang attempted to actively confront the reality of capitalism at the time, symbolized by the “exchange of rice” and “prostitution” through this novel, has not yet been concretely demonstrated. Therefore, in this essay, I would like to study the political imagination revealed in “Ji-Ju-Whoe-Shi” as this novel shows a fundamental critique of the modern capitalist system. In this novel, rice exchange and Shiki-Shima(敷島) is a material representing the contradictions of reality that Yi-Sang viewed critically. In the eyes of the novel's protagonist, “He,” the story in which one can make a huge sum through speculation is a fairytale(童話), like “The Goose that Laid the Golden Eggs.” Furthermore, the capitalist reality surrounding “He” was created by a breathtakingly terrible relationship. At the end of the novel, “He” is angry at the fact that his wife's price is only “20 won,” and he pays all the money he received as settlement money to the barmaid “Mayumi,” offering “prostitution.” This treacherous end is the camouflaged strategy chosen by Yi-Sang to reveal the contradictions of the capitalistic monetary economy. 이상이 소설 「지주회시」의 글쓰기를 통해 ‘미두(米豆)’ 그리고 ‘유곽’으로 상징되는 당대의 자본주의적 현실을 구체적으로 드러내고, 그것에 맞서고자 했다는 사실에 대해서는 실증적으로 해명되지 않았다. 이에 본고에서는 이 텍스트에 근대 자본주의 시스템에 대한 작가의 근원적인 비판이 담겨 있다고 보고, 그 정치적 상상력을 검토해 보고자 한다. 이상이 “피 빠라들이는 악마굴”이라 불리기도 했던 인천의 ‘미두 취인소’와 함께, 인천을 대표하던 유곽이 있었던 지역 ‘시끼시마(敷島)’를 「지주회시」라는 텍스트 속으로 끌어들인 것은 퇴폐와 향락의 이미지로 상징되는 당대 자본주의의 병폐를 바로 자신의 글쓰기를 통해 문제 삼고자 한 것이다. 소설의 주인공 ‘그’가 보기에, 투기로 쉽게 돈을 불릴 수 있다는 ‘오(吳)’의 말은 <황금알을 낳는 거위> 이야기처럼 동화(童話)와 같은 것이고, 자본주의적 현실은 숨을 쉬기조차 어려운 ‘끔찍한 관계’ 속에서 작동하고 있었다. 소설의 결말에서 ‘그’는 ‘양돼지 전무’가 ‘안해’의 값으로 ‘20원’을 지불한 것에 분노하고, 그 돈을 모두 여급인 ‘마유미’에게 팁으로 주어 ‘매춘’을 제안함으로써 ‘마유미’를 다시 단순한 수단으로 전락시키고자 한다. 결국 이 소설의 위악적인 결말은 자본주의 화폐경제라는 체제의 모순을 드러내기 위해 이상이 선택한 ‘위장된 전략’인 셈이다.

식민지 조선의 쌀가격의 계절변동: 일본 제국의 쌀시장 통합과 관련하여

박이택 경제사학회 2021 經濟史學 Vol.45 No.1

In order to analyze the integration of the Colonial Korea rice market into the Japanese imperial rice market by period, this study compiles monthly data on futures prices in Incheon, Tokyo and Osaka Rice Exchange, wholesale prices in the rice wholesale markets in Tokyo, Osaka and Kobe and rice price indices in Seoul, Tokyo and Taipei, and analyzes the seasonal fluctuation indices. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) During the 1910s and 1930s, the seasonal fluctuations of rice price between Korea, Japan and Taiwan were similar, but in the first half of the 1930s, a small-scale divergence occurred. 2) While the similarity between the seasonal fluctuations in Korea and Japan was very high, the seasonal fluctuations of rice price in Taiwan developed in the direction of becoming similar to those in Korea and Japan, but there were significant differences in the 1930s. 3) Seasonal fluctuations in the futures price at the Incheon Rice Exchange and the seasonal fluctuations of the Seoul rice index are not highly synchronized, so I think that the Rice Exchange had very limited effects on making the seasonal fluctuations in Colonial Korea and Japan similar. 4) The Japanese rice wholesale markets differentiated Korean rice from Japanese rice, but seasonal fluctuations of Korean and Japanese rice prices were similar, which is believed to have contributed to the synchronization of the seasonal fluctuations of the Korean and Japanese rice indices. 5) The development of the transport and communication system and the trend of the non-tariff policies of Korea and Japan had a more important impact on the synchronization of seasonal fluctuations between Korean and Japanese rice indices than product differentiation between Korean and Japanese rice in the Japanese rice wholesale market. 식민지 조선의 쌀시장이 일본 제국의 쌀시장으로 통합되는 추이 및 그 양태를 분석하기 위해 본 연구에서는 인천, 도쿄, 오사카 미곡거래소의 미곡 선물가격, 도쿄, 오사카, 고베 미곡 도매시장에서의 내지미, 조선미, 대만미의 미곡 도매가격, 서울, 도쿄, 타이베이에서의 미가지수 등의 월별 데이터를 구축하여 미가의 계절변동 지수를 작성하고, 매 미곡연도의 계절변동 규모 및 계절변동 간의 유사성 정도를 측정하는 지표를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 주요 결론을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 1) 1910년대부터 1930년대까지를 통관하여보면 조선, 일본, 대만 미가의 계절변동은 유사해지는 방향으로 전개되었지만, 1930년대 전반에는 약간의 이질화가 진행되기도 하였다. 2) 조선과 일본 미가의 계절변동 유사성은 매우 높았음에 반해, 대만 미가의 계절변동은 조선 및일본 미가의 계절변동과 유사해지는 방향으로 전개되기는 했지만, 1930년대에도 매우 이질적인 패턴을 보여주고 있다. 3) 인천 미곡거래소의 미곡 선물가격의 계절변동과 서울 미가지수의 계절변동이 별로 동조화되어 있지 않아, 조선과 일본의 계절변동을 유사하게 만드는데 미곡거래소의 영향은 매우 제한적이었다고 판단된다. 4) 일본 미곡 도매시장은 조선미와 내지미를 다른 제품으로거래했지만, 조선미와 내지미의 계절변동은 매우 유사하여 조선 미가와 일본미가의 계절변동 동조화에 기여했다고 판단된다. 5) 일본 미곡 도매시장의 조선미 미가의 계절변동과 서울 미가지수 계절변동 간의 유사성 수준 및 추이가도쿄 미가지수의 계절변동과 서울 미가지수 계절변동 간의 유사성 수준 및 추이와 거의 중첩되어 진행되었다는 점에서, 조선과 일본 간의 미가 계절변동의 동조화 및 비동조화에는 일본 미곡 도매시장에서의 조선미와 내지미 간의 제품차별화 추이보다는 운수통신체계의 발전 및 조선과 일본 간의 비관세정책의동향이 더 중요한 영향을 미쳤다고 판단된다.

1970년대 외미 과잉도입의 실태와 성격 - 국가기록원 30년경과 공개 재분류 문서를 중심으로 -

황연수 한국지역사회학회 2013 지역사회연구 Vol.20 No.4

The government had managed to control supply and demand and stabilize rice price through government purchase of rice and rice import in order to secure stable national foodstuffs by Grain Management Act. The documents released in 2011 by the National Archives of Korea showed that actual rice import used to exceed planned rice import of the rice supply and demand schedule of the Government in the 1970s. Empirical analyses revealed that the excess import of rice had been between 3% (120 thousand ton in 1973) and 19% (750 thousand ton in 1971) in comparison with the total production. The excess import of rice was due to the government’s intention to secure the publically distributed rice for the purpose of maintaining low urban retail price of rice, which was a critical factor to low urban wage. Excess import of rice had acted as a factor which caused low rice price faced by farmers.

한국 하리 논에서의 2002년 생장기간의 CO2와 에너지의 교환

문병관 ( Moon Byung Kwan ),홍진규 ( Hong Jin Gyu ),이병렬 ( Lee Byeong Lyeol ),윤진일 ( Yun Jin Il ),박은우 ( Park Eun Woo ),김준 ( Kim Joon ) 한국농림기상학회 2003 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.5 No.2

한국 내 농경지의 약 60%를 차지하고 있는 논은 아시아의 주요 농업 생태계의 하나이다. 논은 대기로부터 CO₂를 흡수함과 동시에 CH₄형태로 탄소를 대기 중으로 방출하는데, 관개 상태에 따라 흡수와 방출의 상대적 크기가 달라져서 온실 기체의 전구 수지에 중요한 변수로 작용할 수 있다. 온실 효과와 관련하여 논의 현재 및 미래의 역할을 보다 잘 이해하기 위하여, 주요 농업 생태계에서의 CO₂와 에너지 교환을 정량화하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이 연구의 목적은, 벼의 전체 생장 기간동안 한국의 전형적인 논에서의 에너지와 CO₂ 교환과정을 관측, 분석하고 이해하는 것이다. 2002년 4월부터 한국 타워 플럭스 관측 지역망(KoFlux)에 속한 강화도 하리의 논에서 CO₂ 및 에너지 플럭스 관측을 지속적으로 해오고 있다. 다양한 보정 단계와 처리 과정을 거친 관측 자료를 통해, 논가 대기간의 CO₂ 교환량을 정량화하고, 이를 미기상학적, 생물리학적 관점에서 분석하였다. 날씨 변화와 더불어, 지표 피복 변화와 식물의 생장 단계에 따라 CO₂ 교환량이 민감하게 변화하였다. 국내 논에서의 전 생장 기간에 걸친 에너지와 CO₂ 교환에 관한 최초의 직접 관측 보고인 본 연구는, 아시아 플럭스망(AsiaFlux)내에서 중요한 참고 자료로서의 가치를 지니며, 지면 모형의 보정과 개선, 전구 생지화학적 순환에 대한 논의 역할, 그리고 생물-대기 상호 작용에 대한 근본적인 이해를 향상시키는 데 기여할 것이다. Rice, which occupies about 60% of the farmland in Korea, is a staple crop in Asia. It not only absorbs CO₂ from the atmosphere, but also emits carbon in a form of CH₄. It has a potential role in the global budget of greenhouse gases because of its relative contributions of carbon absorption and emission associated with changing hydrologic cycle. To better understand its current and future role, seasonal variations of energy and CO₂ exchange in this critical ecosystem need to be quantified. The purpose of this study was to measure, document and understand the exchange of energy and CO₂ in a typical rice paddy in Korea throughout the whole growing season. Since late April of 2002, we have conducted measurements of energy and CO₂ exchange in a rural rice paddy at Hari site, one of the Korea regional network of tower flux measurement (KoFlux). After the quality control and gap-filling, the observed fluxes were analyzed in the context of micrometeorology and biophysics. CO₂ and energy exchanges varied significantly with land cover changes (e.g., plant growth stages), in addition to changes in weather and climate conditions. This study, reporting first direct measurement of energy and CO₂ exchange over a rice paddy in Korea, would serve as a useful database as one of the reference sites in AsiaFlux and FLUXNET.