도시지역 일부 여자고등학생들의 월경통과 관련요인

신수희(Soo Hee Shin),양혜경(Hye Kyeong Yang),조영채(Young Chae Cho) 韓國學校保健學會 2007 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Purpose: The present study intended to reveal the association between the physique of adolescent women and dysmenorrhea, and the factors related to the frequency of dysmenorrhea. Methods: The study subjects included 511 girls of a women's high school in Daejeon city and they were, during the period of March 1st through April 30th, 2005, given self-administered questionnaires about frequency of menstruation, age, physique, exercise, and such menstruation-related items as age of menarche, menstrual period and days, and amount. Results: As with the frequency of dysmenorrhea, 38.4% experienced it ｢always｣, 44.6% ｢occasionally｣, and 17.0% ｢almost scarcely｣, and those with dysmenorrhea accounted for 83.0% of the subjects. The frequency of dysmenorrhea was not significant difference according to the BMI and HPI. However, the lower the age of menarche and the greater the amount of menstrual flow, the more frequent dysmenorrhea. The symptoms of dysmenorrhea included the highest frequency of low back pain(68.5%) and it was followed by abdominal pain(65.9%), sensibility(54.0%), fatigue(51.7%), and nervousness(49.5%). These accompanied symptoms tended to be worse as the frequency of dysmenorrhea increased. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the relative risk of frequency of dysmenorrhea is 2.2 times in age of 14, by a standard age of 15 as menarchial age, 2.2 in 13, and 3.1 in below 12. The menstrual days was 3.0 times in both below 2 days and over 8 days with the standard days of 3-7 days. The menstrual amount was 1.9 times in the group with a greater amount of menstrual bleeding and 1.5 times in the group with a less amount than the normal group, respectively. Conclusion: The above results suggest that the rate of experiencing dysmenorrhea was up to 83.0% and 38.4% from these had dysmenorrhea upon every menstruation. It is thought that dysmenorrhea could be a great disadvantage sufficient to impair optimal health to a larger body of school girls. Further, for quality of life, it is required that more fundamental strategies instead of pain killers or others for palliation of dysmenorrhea would be established among adolescents.

Factors related to dysmenorrhea among Vietnamese and Vietnamese marriage immigrant women in South Korea

( In Ae Jang ),( Min Yeoung Kim ),( Sa Ra Lee ),( Kyung Ah Jeong ),( Hye Won Chung ) 대한산부인과학회 2013 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.56 No.4

Objective: To find factors associated with dysmenorrhea, we surveyed the obstetric and gynecologic histories as well as socioeconomic factors of Vietnamese female residents in Can Tho (southern part of Vietnam) and Bavi (northern part of Vietnam) and Vietnamese female marriage immigrants living in South Korea. Methods; From March 2010 to March 2011, 3,017 Vietnamese women aged 17 to 42 years (mean, 25.5 years) were recruited. Socioeconomic factors as well as baseline characteristics, including gynecologic history and menstrual patterns, were collected using questionnaires. The relationships between these factors and dysmenorrhea were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test and logistic regression analysis. Results; Dysmenorrhea was found in 58.8% of all women. The mean age and the age at menarche were younger in the women with dysmenorrhea. A longer duration of menstrual flow and severe menstrual volume increased the risk of dysmenorrhea. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was lower in women who had experienced pregnancy, term delivery and breastfeeding. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Vietnamese women was also different according to their educational status. When participants were divided according to their religious preferences, atheist women showed a lower prevalence with 55%, and women who were religious had a higher prevalence of dysmenorrhea. The body mass index, menstrual cycle length, monthly income, and duration of residency in Korea were not related with the prevalence of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion; Socioeconomic factors as well as age, menstrual pattern and obstetric history were related with dysmenorrhea in Vietnamese women.

여대생의 월경곤란증의 중증도 예측요인: 월경특성, 행동특성, 자기자비

이승아 경북대학교 간호혁신연구소 2020 경북간호과학지 Vol.24 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictive factors of the severity of dysmenorrhea among college students in Korea. Method: The subjects of this study were the 761 numbers of college students in the three universities. Data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20.0 for multiple logistic regression analysis to examine predictive factors on severity of dysmenorrhea. Results: According to this study, age, menstrual amount, family history, quality of sleep, and self-compassion were the significant factors predicting the severity of dysmenorrhea. Compared to the 20 years, 21-22 years of age complained more of mild dysmenorrhea, and the 25 years and older appeared to complain more of moderate dysmenorrhea. The more menstrual flow, the more severe the dysmenorrhea. In the case of a family history of dysmenorrhea, the degree of dysmenorrhea was more severe. If the quality of sleep was dissatisfactory, the degree of dysmenorrhea was more severe. The higher the self-compassion, the lower the level of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: These findings can provide basic information on the development of a self-management program for female college students with dysmenorrhea.

한국 청소년의 월경전증후군 및 월경통에 관한 연구

김형옥 ( Hyeong Ok Kim ),임세원 ( Se Won Lim ),우희연 ( Hee Yeon Woo ),김계현 ( Kye Hyun Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2008 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.51 No.11

목적: 한국 여고생을 대상으로 월경 질환 중 월경전증후군과 월경통의 양상 및 이에 영향을 주는 요인에 대해 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 서울 시내에 소재하는 임의로 표집된 2개 여고 여학생 (17~18세) 400명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 월경양상 및 월경전증후군, 월경통에 대해 조사한 후 분석하였으며 최종적으로 327명을 대상으로 하였다. 결과: 청소년의 월경전증후군과 월경통의 유병률은 각각 206명 (63.0%), 256명 (78.3%)이었다. 월경전증후군과 월경통은 서로 상관관계가 있었다 (P=0.000). 정상적인 생리기간을 갖는 군에서 월경전증후군은 더 심했으며 (P=0.034), 가족력과도 연관성이 있었다 (P=0.012). 월경통의 경우 초경시작 후 2년 이상 경과된 군에서 유의하게 많았고 (P=0.003), 정상적인 생리기간을 갖는 군에서 월경통은 더 심했으며 (P=0.017), 가족력과도 연관성이 있었다 (P=0.000). 비만도와 월경전증후군 및 월경통과의 상관관계는 없었다. 월경전증후군에서는 우울감과 서로 상관관계가 있었으나 (P=0.020), 월경통과는 연관성이 없었다. 결론: 월경전증후군과 월경통은 서로 상관관계가 있었으며 월경전증후군은 정상적인 월경기간, 가족력, 우울감과 연관이 있었다. 월경통의 경우 초경 후 2년 이상 경과된 군에서 유의하게 많았으며 정상적인 월경기간 및 가족력과도 연관성이 있었으나 우울감은 상관관계가 없었다. Objective: To analyze menstrual problems, as well as various factors that affect the PMS (premenstrual syndrome) and dysmenorrhea on Korean female teenagers. Methods: We analyzed menstrual problems, PMS, and dysmenorrhea based on the survey answered by 400 high school girls (17~18 years old) from randomly chosen schools in Seoul. Final respondents to a questionnaire were 327 students. Results: The prevalence of PMS was reported by 63.0 % (206 people), and dysmenorrhea by 78.3 % (256 people). PMS was strongly linked to dysmenorrhea (P=0.000). The severity of PMS was correlated with normality of menstrual duration (P=0.034) and familial history (P=0.012). In the case of dysmenorrhea, the presence of dysmenorrhea was significantly high among the group with two years after menarche (P=0.003). Also the severity was positively correlated with normality of menstrual duration (P=0.017) and familial history (P=0.000). PMS and dysmenorrhea have no correlation with body mass index. Although PMS had a correlation with depression (P=0.020), it was not related to dysmenorrhea. Conclusions: There was a correlation between PMS and dysmenorrhea. For PMS, it had a correlation with menstrual duration, familial history and depression. Dysmenorrhea was highly frequent among the group with two years after menarche. Though it was correlated with normal menstrual duration and familial history, it did not have any correlation with depression.

운동선수의 월경곤란증이 월경주기에 따른 난소 및 스트레스호르몬 농도에 미치는 영향

권영우 ( Young Woo Kwon ),박승한 ( Seung Han Park ),류호상 ( Ho Sang Yoo ),이종삼 ( Jong Sam Lee ),양승환 ( Sung Hwan Yang ),오광진 ( Kwang Jin Oh ),김진해 ( Jin Hae Kim ),어수주 ( Su Ju Eo ),김진형 ( Jin Heung Kim ),권광선 ( Kwan 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2005 체육과학연구 Vol.16 No.4

이 연구는 운동선수의 월경곤란증이 생리주기(월경기, 분비기)에 따라 난소호르몬(estrogen, progesterone)과 스트레스호르몬 (cortisol, catecholamines에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 것이다. 실험대상자는 21명을 대상으로 월경곤란증의 선수군(n=7), 월경곤란증이 없는 선수군(n=7), 대조군으로 월경곤란증이 없는 일반인 (n=7)으로 구성하였다. 분석결과 난소호르몬의 경우 전체적으로 월경기에 비하여 분비기 높은 수치를 보였으며(p<.001), 집단에 따른 차이는 없었다. 스트레스 호르몬인 cortisol과 epinephrine은 생리주기와 집단에 따른 차이나 변화가 없었다. 그렇지만 norepinephrine의 경우 월경곤란증을 가진 선수군의 월경기 수치가 분비기 수치보다 유의하게 낮았으며, 월경곤란증이 없는 선수군의 월경기 수치보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<.05). 이상의 결과를 요약하면 난소호르몬은 집단에 따른 차이나 변화가 없었으나, 스트레스 호르몬인 norepinephrine의 경우 월경기의 수치가 낮게 나타났다. 보다 명확한 연구의 구명을 위해서는 운동중과 운동형태와 강도, 월경곤란증 정도에 따른 추가적인 연구가 요망된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dysmenorrhea on the circulating concentration of ovarian hormone (estrogen, progesterone), cortisol and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) during menstrual cycle in athletes. Twelve one females participated in this investigation and composed of athletic group with- and without dysmenorrhea (n=7, respectively), without dysmenorrhea (n=7) and non-athletic control group without dysmenorrhea (n=7). Venous blood sample was obtained during menstrual- and secretory phase. Blood ovarian hormone concentration was significantly increased during secretory phase compared to menstrual phase in all group, but there were no differences among groups. Blood cortisol and epinephrine concentration did not show any change with menstrual cycle also there were no differences among groups. Blood norepinephrine concentration was significantly decreased during menstrual phase compared to secretory phase in athletic group with dysmenorrhea but athletic group without dysmenorrhea and control group did not show any significant change with menstrual cycle. Stress hormone did not show any significant change in all group during menstrual cycle except norepinephrine which revealed significant decrease in menstrual phase compared to secretory phase on athletic group with dysmenorrhea. In conclusion dysmenorrhea can not effect ovarian hormone during menstrual cycle but partially influenced to stress hormone. Further study needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of those hormone about dysmenorrhea related to the degree of dysmenorrhea and correlation between ovarian and stress hormone.

Role of vitamin D and calcium in the relief of primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review

( Fatemeh Abdi ),( Marjan Akhavan Amjadi ),( Farzaneh Zaheri ),( Fatemeh Alsadat Rahnemaei ) 대한산부인과학회 2021 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.64 No.1

Dysmenorrhea is one of the well-established problems among women of reproductive age and can have adverse effects on the quality of life of the individual. Some studies suggest a relationship between vitamin D (Vit D) and calcium deficiency and the emergence of early dysmenorrhea. Accordingly, a systematic study was performed to investigate the role of calcium and Vit D in the relief of primary dysmenorrhea. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for papers published between 2010 and 2020. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklists were used to assess the quality of the studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. Low calcium levels lead to an increase in uterine muscle contraction and can cause pain after decreased uterine blood flow. Furthermore, low levels of Vit D can increase primary dysmenorrhea by increasing prostaglandin production or reducing intestinal calcium absorption. That being the case, Vit D and calcium intake can be effective in reducing the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and in reducing the rate of analgesic use. Low levels of Vit D and calcium are inversely related to the severity of primary dysmenorrhea, and Vit D and calcium intake can reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and its associated systemic symptoms. Therefore, the use of calcium and Vit D supplements can be recommended to relieve dysmenorrhea.

Estrogen receptor 1, Glutathione S-transferase P1, Glutathione S-transferase M1, and Glutathione S-transferase T1 Genes with Dysmenorrhea in Korean Female Adolescents

우희연,김계현,임세원 대한진단검사의학회 2010 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.30 No.1

Background : Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecologic complaint among adolescent females. We investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms and dysmenorrhea. Methods : A total of 202 postmenarcheal Korean female adolescents 16-17 yr old participated in this study. Genotyping for glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) was performed using PCR-based methods. Results : The PP+Pp genotype of the ESR1 gene was more frequent than pp genotypes in subjects with dysmenorrhea than in subjects without dysmenorrhea (odds ratio=2.440; 95% confidence interval, 1.036-5.753; P=0.040) using an unadjusted univariate logistic regression analysis. The relationship between dysmenorrhea and ESR1 gene polymorphisms remained significant after adjustment for premenstrual syndrome, years elapsed after menarche, and family history of dysmenorrhea. No significant difference was observed between subjects with dysmenorrhea and subjects without dysmenorrhea for polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes. Conclusions : Our results suggest that ESR1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with dysmenorrhea. (Korean J Lab Med 2010;30:76-83)

아로마테라피가 여대생의 생리통 및 월경곤란증에 미치는 효과 : A Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

한선희,노유자,허맹행 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.3

This study was designed to verify the effect of aromatherapy on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea by a quasi experiment (nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from March to October, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of 45 college women with menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. They were randomized by 25 for the experimental group and 20 for the control group. Their mean age was 20.6 years, mean menstrual period 28.7 days, mean menstrual cramps(VAS) 7.25, mean dysmenorrhea (Dysmenorrhea Scale) was 27.34. As treatment, aromatherapy was to give effleurrage of the abdomen with lavender, clary sage and rose as aroma oil, almond oil as carrier oil. For the control group, abdominal massage was given with only almond oil. Data collection included menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea, the change of symptoms(low abdominal pain, lumbago headache, nausea, fatigue, edema). Menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea and general, menstrual characteristics of subjects were measured the first day of the pre menstrual period before treatment (pre-test), menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea, the change of symptoms were measured the first and second day of post menstrual period after treatment (posttest). Data were analyzed by t-test. χ2 - test, repeated measures ANOYA, Cronbach's α with SAS Program. The results of this study was as follows ; 1.Menstrual cramps was significantly lower in the experimental group(p = .001). 2.Dysmenorrhea was significantly lower in the experimental group(p = .027). 3.Less women in the experimental group complained about the six symptoms than women in the control group after treatment on the first day of the menstrual period(p〈 0.05. p 〈 0.01) In conclusion, these findings indicate that aromatherapy with lavender, clary sage, and rose could be effective to decrease menstrual cramps, and dysmenorrhea. So, aromatherapy could be applied to women suffering with menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea periodically as an nursing intervention.

월경통의 한약 주기 요법 치료에 대한 중의학의 임상연구 동향

배주은 ( Ju-eun Bae ),박경덕 ( Kyung-dug Park ),윤영진 ( Young-jin Yoon ) 대한한방부인과학회 2017 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed to review the research trends in the periodic therapy of dysmenorrhea in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods: We searched articles in Chinese Academic journal (CAJ). Search key words were `dysmenorrhea` and `periodic therapy or cyclic treatment`. Results: We selected 6 studies except unrelated studies. According to study design, study was classified into 1 single group before after study and 5 randomized controlled trials. According to dysmenorrheal type, study was classified into 4 studies on primary dysmenorrhea and 2 studies on secondary dysmenorrhea. In the selected studies, there were four studies in which the menstrual cycle was divided into 2 periods, one study divided into 3 periods, and one study divided into 4 periods. The most used herb was “Angelicae Gigantis Radix”, “Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus”. All studies showed effective results on dysmenorrhea. Conclusions: In TCM, Research on periodic therapy of dysmenorrhea was being conducted more actively than Korean medicine. The periodic therapy seems to be effective on dysmenorrhea from this research. It would be necessary to fulfill further clinical study with periodic therapy on dysmenorrhea in Korean medicine to establish standard evidence of them.

D형 성격유형, 식생활습관, 환경호르몬 노출위험행위가 월경곤란증에 미치는 영향

윤순정 ( Soon-jung Yoon ) 한국모자보건학회 2018 한국모자보건학회 학술대회 연제집 Vol.2018 No.2

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the factors that influence dysmenorrhea. Methods: In this study, 205 female participants were enrolled. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included scales to assess general characteristics, personality type, dietary assessment, eincrease exposure toward endocrine disrupting chemicals, and the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlational coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression, using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The average score for dysmenorrhea was 85.04±32.69 points. The percentage of participants belonging to the Type D Personality group was 21.0%. Type D Personality (r=0.473, p<0.001) and increase exposure toward endocrine disrupting chemicals (r=0.532, p<0.001) correlated moderately with the level of dysmenorrhea. The correlation between the degree of dietary assessment and the level of dysmenorrhea was weakly negative (r=-0.170, p<0.05). The most powerful predictor of dysmenorrhea was personality type (β=0.37, p<0.001). A combination of the following factors accounted for 27.3% of the variance in dysmenorrhea: menstrual amount, menstrual regulation, occupation, and marital status. Conclusions: The results indicate that when nursing assessments and interventions are performed for women with dysmenorrhea, it is necessary for nurses to take into account the personality type of the patient.