The Effects of Complex Breath Exercise for Trunk Muscles Activation and Trunk Control in Persons with Chronic Stroke.

( Tae-wan Kim ),( Byung-il Yang ),( Sang-ho Lee ) 대한신경치료학회 2016 신경치료 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of forced inspiration and forced inspiration and forced expiration exercise on stroke patients’ trunk muscle activity, trunk control ability. Methods Twenty four patients with stroke were randomly assigned to a control group with physical therapy and a complex breath exercise as well. The complex breath exercise group received physical therapy for 30 minutes and complex breath exercise for 30 minutes and the control group received physical therapy 60 minutes. All of them conducted exercises 5 times per week for 6 weeks. Surface Electromyogram used to measure trunk muscle activity of paretic side. Trunk Impairment scale used to trunk control. Results The result of this study were as follows: Compare complex breath exercise group and control group showed a significantly difference in rectus abdominalis, external oblique, internal oblique (p<.001). Trunk control showed a significantly difference in complex breath exercise group (p<.001). Conclusion The result of this study suggest that complex breath exercise increase trunk muscle activity, trunk control and balance ability in paretic side. So, complex breath exercise is effective treatment of trunk stability for chronic stroke patients.

The Effects of Complex Breath Exercise for Trunk Muscles Activation and Trunk Control in Persons with Chronic Stroke

김태완,양병일,이상호 대한신경치료학회 2016 신경치료 Vol.20 No.1

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of forced inspiration and forced inspiration and forced expiration exercise on stroke patients’ trunk muscle activity, trunk control ability. Methods Twenty four patients with stroke were randomly assigned to a control group with physical therapy and a complex breath exercise as well. The complex breath exercise group received physical therapy for 30 minutes and complex breath exercise for 30 minutes and the control group received physical therapy 60 minutes. All of them conducted exercises 5 times per week for 6 weeks. Surface Electromyogram used to measure trunk muscle activity of paretic side. Trunk Impairment scale used to trunk control. Results The result of this study were as follows: Compare complex breath exercise group and control group showed a significantly difference in rectus abdominalis, external oblique, internal oblique (p<.001). Trunk control showed a significantly difference in complex breath exercise group (p<.001). Conclusion The result of this study suggest that complex breath exercise increase trunk muscle activity, trunk control and balance ability in paretic side. So, complex breath exercise is effective treatment of trunk stability for chronic stroke patients.

호흡 강화 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 호흡기능 및 체간조절 능력에 미치는 효과

김민환,이완희,윤미정,Kim, Min-Hwan,Lee, Wan-Hee,Yun, Mi-Jung 대한물리치료학회 2012 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.24 No.5

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect on respiratory function, trunk control, and functional activities of daily living (ADL) through respiratory muscle strength training in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Eighteen subjects who were six months post stroke participated in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: experimental (n=10) and control (n=8). Both groups received physical therapy for five sessions, 30 minutes per week, during a period of six weeks. Subjects in the experimental group participated in an additional respiratory muscle strength training program, in which the threshold PEP device was used for 30 minutes per day, three days per week, during a period of six weeks. Results from pretest-posttest control were evaluated by pulmonary function forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), capacity of cough, trunk control, and functional ADL. Results: Significant improvement in the FEV1, PEF of pulmonary function (p<0.05), cough function (p<0.05), and trunk control (p<0.05) was observed among the groups. Conclusion: Respiratory muscle strength training improves pulmonary function, capacity of cough, and trunk control. These results suggest that respiratory muscle strength training is feasible and suitable for individuals with chronic stroke.

Control Design for Human-like Reaching Movements using Redundancy in Robot Arm-Trunk Systems

Tapomayukh Bhattacharjee,오용환,배지헌,오상록 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2011 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.9 No.6

This paper develops a control algorithm to show the human-like reaching movements in humanoid redundant systems involving the trunk. This algorithm neither requires the computation of pseudo-inverse of Jacobian nor does it need the optimization of any artificial performance index. The control law accommodates the time-varying temporal properties of the muscle stiffness and damping as well as low-pass filter characteristics of human muscles. It uses a time-varying damping shaping matrix and a bijective joint muscle mapping function to describe the spatial characteristics of human reaching motion like quasi-straight line trajectory of the end-effector and symmetric bell shaped veloc-ity profile as well as the temporal characteristics like the occurrence of the peak velocity of the trunk motion after the peak velocity of the arm motion. The aspect of self-motion is also analyzed using the null-space motion of the manipulator Jacobian. The effects of the control parameters on the motion pattern are analyzed in detail and some basic guidelines have been provided to select their proper val-ues. Simulation results show the efficacy of the newly developed algorithm in describing human-motion characteristics.

시지각 및 체감각 손상을 동반한 뇌졸중 환자의 체감각 중심 훈련이 자세정렬과 체간기능에 미치는 영향

송보경 ( Bo Kyung Song ) 한국고령친화건강정책학회 2011 대한고령친화산업학회지 Vol.3 No.1

연구목적: 시지각 및 체감각 손상을 동반한 좌측 편마비 환자의 능동 체감각 훈련이체감각과 체간기능과 자세정렬에 어떠한 변화가 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 단일사례 연구로 연구의 기간 및 대상은 2010년 10월부터 11월 1달간 00병원에 입원한 환자 중 독립적으로 앉은 자세를 유지하고 치료내용을 이해할 인지수준을 가진 좌측 편마비 환자 중 편측 무시와 같은 시지각 손상과 피부, 근육감각손상 및 체간기능에 제한이 있는 환자 1명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구도구로는 시지각 검사인 알버트 검사, 별지우기 검사 및 집, 시계 그리기 검사와 체감각검사 그리고 체간기능 검사인 Trunk Impairment Scale(TIS)을 사용하여 2010년 10월부터 11월까지 4주간 12회 매회 60분간 치료를 시행하여 전, 후의 변화를 비교하였다. 연구결과: 환자의 감각기능은 피부감각 및 고유 감각에서 점수가 호전되었고 인체인식력은 차이가 없었다. 편측 무시의 알버트 검사가 치료 전 4분 32초에서 40초 61로 별지우기 검사는 4분 32초에서 1분 31초로 향상되었고 좌측수행시간은 알버트검사가 2분 12초에서 12초 37로 별지우기검사는 2분 45초에서 15초 37로 수행속도가 향상되었다. TIS에서 정적체간 점수가 4점에서 10점으로 전, 후 차이가 나타났다. 결론: 4주간의 치료를 통해 마비측의 피부감각, 고유감각에 향상이 있었으나 입체인식력에는 변화가 적었으나 시지각 인식력은 수행시간 및 왼쪽의 과제수행의 수행시간이 초기보다 향상되었다. 체간기능은 정적체간에서 향상을 보였으나 동적 및 협응 체간기능에서 영향을 보이지 않았다. Objective: In this study, we have tried to find out the effect of improved postural alignment in sitting posture and trunk control through somatosensory training. Methods: We selected single left hemiplegia with stroke patients in hospital, who have a problem with visual neglect and somatosensory function. To compare result of before and after, we used several assessment tools such as albert cancellation test, star cancellation test, house and clock test for visual neglect, somatosensory test and total TIS, static TIS, dynamic TIS and coordinative TIS. We applied somatosensory training focused on functional activity. Researchs: We reached out results as follows. 1) We compared changes in before and after training and found that there was relationship among assessment outcomes. Especially, cutaneous sense, performance time of albert cancellation test and cancellation test, and static TIS showed relationship in patient. Conclusion: Somatosensory training influenced on visual perception, postural alignment and on trunk control. Especially, somatosensory training offered static trunk control ability more than before.

Corticoreticular tract lesion in children with developmental delay presenting with gait dysfunction and trunk instability

Kwon, Yong Min,Rose, Jessica,Kim, Ae Ryoung,Son, Su Min Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2017 Neural regeneration research Vol.12 No.9

<P>The corticoreticular tract (CRT) is known to be involved in walking and postural control. Using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), we investigated the relationship between the CRT and gait dysfunction, including trunk instability, in pediatric patients. Thirty patients with delayed development and 15 age-matched, typically-developed (TD) children were recruited. Fifteen patients with gait dysfunction (bilateral trunk instability) were included in the group A, and the other 15 patients with gait dysfunction (unilateral trunk instability) were included in the group B. The Growth Motor Function Classification System, Functional Ambulation Category scale, and Functional Ambulation Category scale were used for measurement of functional state. Fractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficient, fiber number, and tract integrity of the CRT and corticospinal tract were measured. Diffusion parameters or integrity of corticospinal tract were not significantly different in the three study groups. However, CRT results revealed that both CRTs were disrupted in the group A, whereas CRT disruption in the hemispheres contralateral to clinical manifestations was observed in the group B. Fractional anisotropy values and fiber numbers in both CRTs were decreased in the group A than in the group TD. The extents of decreases of fractional anisotropy values and fiber numbers on the ipsilateral side relative to those on the contralateral side were greater in the group B than in the group TD. Functional evaluation data and clinical manifestations were found to show strong correlations with CRT status, rather than with corticospinal tract status. These findings suggest that CRT status appears to be clinically important for gait function and trunk stability in pediatric patients and DTT can help assess CRT status in pediatric patients with gait dysfunction.</P>

The Study of Lumbar Erector Spinea and Rectus Abdominis Activations according to the Different Gait Velocities in Young Healthy Adults

장종성,이혜영,이미영 대한물리치료학회 2012 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations, according to the different gait velocities in young healthy adults. Methods: We recruited 6 young male and 10 young female (mean age=21.43 years; range 19~23) in this study. We used a wireless surface electromyogram (Telemyo 2400T G2, Noraxon, USA) and a treadmill unit for the experiment. EMG activity from the lumbar erector spinea, and rectus abdominis of the dominant side was record with surface electrodes. On different day, all subjects gaited on 2.7 km/h, 4.5 km/h, and 6.3 km/h of speed in random order. They gaited at the same velocity, three times, on the treadmill unit. To reduce fatigue, sufficient rests were given between the measurements. Results: As the gait speed increased, lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations were significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the current study, we found lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations were changed, according to the gait velocity. We suggested that rehabilitation intervention should be focused on the exercise velocity for the patients with problem of the trunk control. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations, according to the different gait velocities in young healthy adults. Methods: We recruited 6 young male and 10 young female (mean age=21.43 years; range 19~23) in this study. We used a wireless surface electromyogram (Telemyo 2400T G2, Noraxon, USA) and a treadmill unit for the experiment. EMG activity from the lumbar erector spinea, and rectus abdominis of the dominant side was record with surface electrodes. On different day, all subjects gaited on 2.7 km/h, 4.5 km/h, and 6.3 km/h of speed in random order. They gaited at the same velocity, three times, on the treadmill unit. To reduce fatigue, sufficient rests were given between the measurements. Results: As the gait speed increased, lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations were significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the current study, we found lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations were changed, according to the gait velocity. We suggested that rehabilitation intervention should be focused on the exercise velocity for the patients with problem of the trunk control.

The Study of Lumbar Erector Spinea and Rectus Abdominis Activations according to the Different Gait Velocities in Young Healthy Adults

( Jong-sung Chang ),( Hae-yong Lee ),( Mi-young Lee ) 대한물리치료학회 2012 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations, according to the different gait velocities in young healthy adults. Methods: We recruited 6 young male and 10 young female (mean age=21.43 years; range 19~23) in this study. We used a wireless surface electromyogram (Telemyo 2400T G2, Noraxon, USA) and a treadmill unit for the experiment. EMG activity from the lumbar erector spinea, and rectus abdominis of the dominant side was record with surface electrodes. On different day, all subjects gaited on 2.7 km/h, 4.5 km/h, and 6.3 km/h of speed in random order. They gaited at the same velocity, three times, on the treadmill unit. To reduce fatigue, sufficient rests were given between the measurements. Results: As the gait speed increased, lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations were significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the current study, we found lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations were changed, according to the gait velocity. We suggested that rehabilitation intervention should be focused on the exercise velocity for the patients with problem of the trunk control.

The Study of Lumbar Erector Spinea and Rectus Abdominis Activations according to the Different Gait Velocities in Young Healthy Adults

Chang, Jong-Sung,Lee, Hae-Yong,Lee, Mi-Young The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 2012 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations, according to the different gait velocities in young healthy adults. Methods: We recruited 6 young male and 10 young female (mean age=21.43 years; range 19~23) in this study. We used a wireless surface electromyogram (Telemyo 2400T G2, Noraxon, USA) and a treadmill unit for the experiment. EMG activity from the lumbar erector spinea, and rectus abdominis of the dominant side was record with surface electrodes. On different day, all subjects gaited on 2.7 km/h, 4.5 km/h, and 6.3 km/h of speed in random order. They gaited at the same velocity, three times, on the treadmill unit. To reduce fatigue, sufficient rests were given between the measurements. Results: As the gait speed increased, lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations were significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the current study, we found lumbar erector spinea and rectus abdominis activations were changed, according to the gait velocity. We suggested that rehabilitation intervention should be focused on the exercise velocity for the patients with problem of the trunk control.

만성 뇌졸중 환자들의 체간 조절이 상지 기능에 미치는 영향

안승헌 ( An Seung-heon ),박창식 ( Park Chang-sik ) 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2019 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.58 No.2

본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중 환자들의 체간 조절이 상지 기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아 보고자 하였다. 87명의 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 체간 조절 평가는 체간 조절 검사(Trunk Control Test, TCT), 뇌졸중 자세 평가 척도-체간 조절(Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke-Trunk Control, PASS-TC), 수정된 체간 장애 척도(modified Trunk Impairment Scale, mTIS)를 상지 기능 평가는 Wolf 운동 기능 검사(Wolf Motor Function Test, WMFT), 퓨글 마이어 상지 검사(Fugl Meyer Assessment-Upper/Extremity, FM-U/E)를 이용하였다. 체간 조절이 상지 기능 수행에 미치는 요인 분석과 상지 기능 구분( FM-U/E: 만점 66점, 51∼65점: 경미한 장애/ FM-U/E=0∼50점: 중증 또는 경증 장애)을 위한 체간 조절 평가의 변별력은 수용자 작업 특성곡선을 이용하여 선별 기준값과 우도비를 구하였다. 연구 결과 체간조절이 상지 기능에 미치는 요인 분석에서 mTIS-동적 항목(체간 외측 굴곡)과 협응(체간 회전)이 (설명력 37%) WMFT에 영향을 주었고, mTIS-동적 항목(42%)이 FM-U/E에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 상지 기능 수행 예측을 위한 최적의 선별 기준값은 mTIS-협응 >2.5점, mTIS-총점은 >7.5점이었다. mTIS-총점이 상지 기능 수행(FM-U/E: 51∼65점)을 예측할 수 있는 변수로 mTIS 총점이 >7.5점인 경우 ≤7.5점인 환자들에 비해 0.161배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 뇌졸중 환자들은 여전히 체간 조절 결핍과 상지 기능에 장애가 보인다. 따라서 체간 조절은 상지 기능 회복과 유의한 관련이 있으므로 체간 조절의 외측 굴곡과 회전 훈련은 강조되어야 한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of trunk control on upper extremity function in stroke patients. The evaluation of trunk control in 87 stroke patients was conducted using trunk control test(TCT), postural assessment scale for stroke-trunk control(PASS-TC), modified trunk impairment scale(mTIS), and the evaluation of upper extremity function was conducted using Wolf Motor Function Test(WMFT) and Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity(FM-U/E). This study calculated the selection criteria value and the likelihood ratio using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, to analyze the factors by which trunk control affects the performance of upper extremity function and identify the discriminant power of trunk control evaluation for upper extremity functional classification [FM-U/E (66 points in full scale) = 51-65 points (minor disability) / FM-U/E = 0-50 points (severe or mild disability)]. According to the result of analyzing the factors by which trunk control affects upper extremity function, it turned out that mTIS-dynamic items (lateral trunk bending) and coordination (trunk rotation) affected the WMFT (explanatory power of 37%) and that mTIS-dynamic items (42%) affected FM-U/E. The optimal selection criteria value for the prediction of upper extremity functional performance were mTIS - coordination > 2.5 points and mTIS - total score > 7.5 points. t turned out that the patients with mTIS total score > 7.5 points was 0.161 times higher than the patients with ≤7.5 points in mTIS - total score, which is a predictor of upper extremity functional performance (FM-U/E: 51-65 points). Stroke patients are still deficient in trunk control and they have an impaired upper extremity function. In conclusion, trunk control is significantly associated with upper extremity function recovery, and thus, lateral trunk bending and rotation training should be emphasized.