린 건설의 PPC를 활용한 건설공사 생산성측정 방안

박영민,김수용,김대영 한국경영공학회 2008 한국경영공학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Productivity is a critical factor in construction industry. However, there has been lack of understanding productivity in the domestic construction industry. In addition there has been a few study to change construction worker's attitudes toward productivity and to encourage productivity improvement. Recently, several methods measuring productivity have been suggested, but these were focused only on monitoring and gaining more outputs with less deliberating input for productivity improvement. As the other approach the Lean Construction suggested that productivity improvement could be obtained with putting more efforts in the input process. Percent Plan Completed(PPC) is a lean productivity measurement which is easily calculated and provides faster feedback compared with the existing productivity measurement methods. The results from the case studies on American construction projects showed that the PPC reflected the reliability of planning system and improved productivity. For the successful PPC implementation, effective lean systems have to be established on site and root cases for failure analysis must be carried.

PRODUCTIVITY ESTIMATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EDUCATION PUBLIC SERVICE SECTOR

BAYARMAA Gursed 단국대학교 몽골연구소 2020 몽골지역연구 Vol.5 No.1

Based on the fact the productivity measurement methodologies can be considered as systems, organizations, employees and patients (Steiger, 2009), the general model of measuring the productivity of the Mongolian government has been developed at the organizations, sectoral and national levels by providing an opportunity to integrate results of the productivity. This model can be used at public administration and specific sectors. The next issue of the research methodology decides how to measure using which methods and which criteria, based on how you consider the definition of the productivity. Therefore, we use a definition that combines health and education productivity with the efficiency and quality issues. It shows that the productivity measurement indicates not only economic content but also the changes in the quality of social life. We have developed a methodology for measuring educational productivity at the national, sectoral and organizational levels. The productivity estimation model was developed in Excel Spreadsheet in accordance with the methodology and successfully tested. This proves that it is possible to measure productivity in the UB’s health and education sectors using the modern method. The recommendations include that the data collection and processing should be done not only for sectors but also for nationwide. Moreover, the results of the research explain that the outcome of the public policy is determined by the productivity measurement and the further policies can be established. Again, the most important part of the research is to show that the productivity of the sector is measured by the economic outputs and then the outputs are adjusted to quality indicators to measure the productivity.

Deep Learning 기반 공동주택 마감공사 단위작업별 생산성 예측모델 개발 - 내장공사를 중심으로 -

이기륜,한충희,이준복 한국건설관리학회 2019 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.2

Despite the importance and function of productivity information, in the Korean construction industry, the method of collecting and analyzing productivity data has not been organized. Also, in most cases, productivity management is reliant on the experience and intuitions of field managers, and productivity data are rarely being utilized in planning and management. Accordingly, this study intends to develop a prediction model for interior finishes of apartment using deep learning techniques, so as to provide a foundation for analyzing the productivity impacting factors and predicting productivity. The result of the study, productivity prediction model for interior finishes of apartment using deep learning techniques, can be a basic module of apartment project management system by applying deep learning to reliable productivity data and developing as data is accumulated in the future. It can also be used in project engineering processes such as estimating work, calculating work days for process planning, and calculating input labor based on productivity data from similar projects in the past. Further, when productivity diverging from predicted productivity is discovered during construction, it is expected that it will be possible to analyze the cause(s) thereof and implement prompt response and preventive measures.

The Determinants of Total Factor Productivity Growth: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis

( Antoinette Lois Harris ),( Jun Yeup Kim ) 한국생산성학회 2019 生産性論集 Vol.33 No.2

Productivity growth over the past six decades have been recognised as a major source of economic growth for many countries. And with increasing globalization efforts across all regions, the emphasis on improving productivity and competitiveness of domestic industries has then become the forefront of many government policies. The main purpose of this research is therefore to analyze what factors affect the growth of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) across different income grouped countries and identify possible policy implications based on the relevant findings. A special focus is made on how the quality of governance, as a determinant of productivity, affects TFP growth using specific governance indicators. This aspect of the research is deemed necessary as though the quality of governance is generally expected to have a positive impact on economic growth and development, there is very limited explanation and evidence as to how specific indicators of governance quality will affect TFP growth. The research will therefore bridge the gap in knowledge by explaining how the quality of governance affects the growth of total factor productivity. In order to achieve the research objective, the study investigates three specific questions: 1. Whether the indicators used for the quality of governance significantly impact productivity growth across the income groups; 2. Which of the determinants affect productivity growth the most among high income countries and lower income groups; and lastly, 3. Does FDI, human capital, R&D, and the indicators for the quality of governance have greater impact on productivity growth in lower income or high income countries. Using Pooled OLS and Fixed Effects regression analysis, this study analyzes the determinants of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth for 35 countries across different income groups for the period 2002 to 2014. The main results reveal that Government Effectiveness, Rule of Law, FDI, and Trade Openness, all had statistically significant effect on the growth of Total Factor Productivity. In regards to the sample of High Income countries, the evidence suggests that Government Effectiveness and R&D negatively impacts growth in Total Factor Productivity, whereas Trade Openness and FDI showing positive impact. Whereas, in Lower Income, R&D impacts productivity growth positively, whilst Human Capital has a negative impact. An additional and unique finding of the research, was that Government Effectiveness and Rule of Law, both being used as proxies to measure the effect of the Quality of Governance on productivity growth, had totally opposite impact. Specifically, Government Effectiveness was negatively related to productivity growth across all samples, whereas Rule of Law was positive.

국어 형태론에서의 ‘생산성’ 문제에 대한 연구

시정곤 형태론 2006 형태론 Vol.8 No.2

The goal of this paper is to build a new notion of productivity in Korean morphology and to distinguish productivity from other notions such as frequency and regularity. There are few previous studies of productivity and notions of productivity differ from one researcher to the next. In this paper, I argue against previous definitions and propose a new notion of productivity. This paper focuses on four questions; 1) What is productivity? 2) Does productivity work synchronically or diachronically? 3) Is frequency related to productivity? 4) Is regularity related to productivity? With regard to the first question, I prefer to assign productivity to morphological processes, and not affixes. With regard to the second question, I propose that productivity makes sense only in the synchrony; lexicalization is the result of diachronic change. As to frequency, I propose that neither token frequency nor hapax legomena frequency are related to productivity. Finally, this paper proposes that productivity is a continuum determined by the strength to generate new forms, and is intimately related to the notion of regularity. 이 연구의 목적은 국어 형태론에서 생산성(productivity)의 개념을 어떻게 이해하는 것이 합리적인지에 대해 고찰하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 생산성의 개념에 대해 네 가지 문제를 중심으로 검토해 보았다. 1) 생산적인 형태론적 과정이란? 본고는 생산성은 단어형성 과정, 더 넓게는 형태론적 과정에 적용되는 개념으로 규정하였다. 2) 공시태/통시태와 생산성은 어떤 관계에 있는가? 본고에서는 생산성의 개념을 공시태에서만 적용되는 것으로 간주했다. 3) 빈도가 높다고 생산적인가? 토큰 빈도수는 생산성과 무관하고 단발어 빈도도 생산성을 측정하는 데 한계가 있으며 계열체의 유형 빈도와 생산성은 밀접한 관계가 없다는 점을 밝혔다. 4) 규칙성은 생산성과 어떤 관계가 있는가? 생산성의 정도가 가장 높을 때를 규칙성이라 했으며 규칙성을 가진 형태론적 과정을 ‘규칙’이라고 했다. 이 연구 결과는 국어학 내에서뿐만 아니라 외적으로도 많은 기대효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이며 또한 다양한 응용분야에서 적극 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

기업의 생산성과 계측관련에 대한 고찰 - 일본 사례를 중심으로 -

최성백 대한일어일문학회 2019 일어일문학 Vol.82 No.-

Achieved through input expansion rather than productivity increase. Therefore, he argues that the economy of East Asia is not a sustainable growth system. Production improvements generally refer to labor productivity. However, as there are units to labor productivity, it is clear and easy to understand but it only uses the input elements of labor and capital so there may be limitations to productivity measurements in a complex industrial society like the one we have today. Because of this, interest in TFP concepts is increasing. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and surveys of The Conference Board, the productivity increase rates of major countries have been rapidly decreasing since the early 2000s. The productivity of America, which had increased an annual average of 2.5% during the years of 1995 to 2005 showed an increase rate of less than a mere 1.0% for 10 years since 2005 and the productivity increase rate of Germany also fell from 1.7% to 0.7%. The productivity increase rate of Japan also decreased greatly from 1.8% to 0.8%. Theoretically, for a country’s economy to grow, resources such as labor and capital must be input more or productivity must be increased. However, great results are not being seen even when resources of employment are being input. Conclusively, if productivity cannot be increased even if many people work, then economic growth cannot be achieved as expected. While productivity is not everything, it does have an important role in economic growth or wage increases in the long-term. In the case of Japan, according to The Conference Board, the labor productivity per hour in 2016 was 44.9 dollars, making it 23rd among 63 countries so it has not shown improvement in the past 20 years. Japan has had high levels of factory productivity for the past twenty years but its overall productivity appears to be horrible. In particular, their overall national productivity is at a low level when the service field is included. High levels of productivity are even more important for the economic growth and living standard improvements of Japan, in which the population is decreasing. As the growth momentum of Japan’s economy is weakening due to a decrease in the productive population following low birth rates and aging, labor productivity improvements are the goal of their national economic policies for the resolution of this problem.

지역거점 공공병원의 환경적 요인에 따른 생산성 분석

이진우,Lee, Jinwoo 한국병원경영학회 2017 병원경영학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of productivity according to environmental factors among 25 Regional base public hospitals. Also this study is to propose a method to improve the productivity of Regional base public hospitals in the future by improving the public performance and stable management performance by studying the productivity variables affecting profitability. The survey period was based on the last three years, and 25 Regional base public hospitals were selected for the survey. The dependent variable is the total capital medical marginal profitability and the medical profit marginal profitability which are the indicators of profitability. The independent variable, productivity, is classified into three indicators: capital productivity, labor productivity, and value added productivity. The ANOVA analysis method was used to analyze the productivity difference according to the frequency factor and the environmental factors of the Regional base public hospitals. Finally, we conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to examine the productivity variables affecting profitability. The results of this study showed that there were differences in productivity due to environmental factors such as hospital size, competition in the local medical market, and differences in management performance. The difference in productivity and profitability depending on the environmental factors suggests that it is difficult for Regional base public hospitals in each regional base to perform a balanced public service. In order to overcome this, it is necessary to provide balanced medical services such as government financial support expansion, regional medical demand forecasting and facility infrastructure construction.

노동생산성이 총노동시간과 임금에 미치는 영향: 제조업과 서비스업의 비교

현준석 ( Jun Seog Hyun ),이상돈 ( Sang Don Lee ),김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ) 한국생산성학회 2016 生産性論集 Vol.30 No.2

There are various studies on the relationship between labor productivity, employment, and wage. First, the relationship between labor productivity and employment can be explained by the relative size of substitution effect and compensation effect. In other words, when the improvement in the labor productivity comes from the technological innovation, it will substitute labor so that employment falls. On the other hand, improvement in the labor productivity causes the prices of goods and services to fall and increases demand for those goods and services. It will therefore increase demand for labor in those industries. Second, the real business cycle theory argues that productivity shock will have a positive effect on employment. However, Gali (1999) argues that productivity shock lowers the marginal production cost while, because of the price rigidity, demand for goods does not change. As a result, firms reduce the number of worker employed from a rise in the labor productivity. Finally, Chang et al.(2009) note that, even when there is a price rigidity, technology shock may increase employment if it is less costly to hold inventories. In sum, whether a rise in labor productivity on employment is positive or not is subject to empirical investigation. The paper utilizes panel vector autoregressive (VAR) model to compare the effects of labor productivity shocks on employment, proxied by the total hour worked, and wages between manufacture industries and service industries. The results show that labor productivity shocks in the manufacturing sectors have positive effects on employment while those in the service sectors have negative effects on employment. Labor productivity shocks in both in manufacturing and service industries cause wages to rise. However, the wage rise is higher in the manufacturing industries than services industries in response to labor productivity shocks. A rise in employment in the manufacturing sector and a fall in employment in the service sector in response to a labor productivity shock can be explained by two different theories. First, our results support that the compensation effect is greater than the substitution effect in the manufacturing sector while the compensation effect is less that the substitution effect in the service sector. Second, because holding inventories are less costly in the manufacturing sector, labor productivity shock increases employment in the manufacturing sector while it lowers employment in the service sector.

Aggregate Productivity Growth and Firm Dynamics in Korean Manufacturing 2007–2017

김규일,박진호,송경호 한국국제경제학회 2021 International Economic Journal Vol.35 No.3

We study aggregate productivity growth of the Korean manufacturing industry for the 2007–2017 period after the Great Recession. We find the nature of such growth was quite different for two measures of productivity. For labor productivity, most of growth comes from productivity changes among surviving firms while, for TFP, most of the productivity growth comes from that of new entrants. We observe interesting industry dynamics, as exiting firms contributed positively to aggregate productivity growth, which suggests that the market had gradually eliminated firms of lower productivity in this period. Using the dynamic Olley and Pakes (1996. The dynamics of productivity in the telecommunications equipment industry. Econometrica, 64, 1263–1298.) decomposition, we find that a substantial productivity growth after the Great Recession was due to market share reallocations between firms, but this between-firm contribution has reduced since the recovery. Our industry sector level analysis also demonstrates that there has been heterogeneous productivity growth patterns and components across manufacturing sectors. Finally, we speculate that the wage level also plays a role as a moderating or accelerating factor for different productivity growth paths among surviving, entering, and exiting firms.

Malmquist 생산성지수를 이용한 국내 주요 공항 생산성 분석

전민준(Min-Jun Jeon),한근수(Keun-Soo Han) 한국무역연구원 2021 무역연구 Vol.17 No.4

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the productivity of major airports in Korea using Malmquist Productivity Index methodology and draw implications for airport operations and planning through comparison with existing research results. Also, The results of this study confirm the academic differences between productivity and efficiency. The results of this study provide policy assistance such as attracting, expanding and relocating airports, and eliciting academic implications. Design/Methodology/Approach - We analyzed the productivity of airports in Korea by applying the Malmquist Productivity Index Analysis Methodology among DEA methodologies. Not only individual airports, but also group-specific airports were analyzed. In addition, we compared the results of airport efficiency studies analyzed using efficiency analysis methods such as CCR/BCC. Findings - The larger the airport, the more productive it is. The productivity of the base airport (large) and the productivity of the general airport (medium) and the general airport (small) is inversely proportional. These results resulted in significant differences from existing efficiency studies. For example, an airport with very low efficiency can be measured very high in productivity with only a little performance. In general, however, highly efficient airports also tended to have high productivity, which means there is a correlation between efficiency and productivity. Research Implications - This study identified the relationship between efficiency and productivity by studying productivity aspects, not efficiency. As a result, productivity analysis as well as efficiency analysis should be accompanied for proper airport evaluation. As a result of this study will help not only the operation of the airport but also the planning and expansion of the airport.