한국산 양서류 기준명

송재영,이정현,김종범,라남용,민미숙,박대식,오홍식,이상철,장민호,서재화 한국양서·파충류학회 2017 한국양서·파충류학회지 Vol.8 No.1

According to Amphibia-Web (2017), 7,657 species of amphibians live around the world. Recently, new species and unrecorded species are continuously being discovered through various studies, and the classification system is constantly changing. Despite being the same species of amphibians in Korea, various scientific names are indiscriminately used. This confusion are caused by disagreements among amphibian researchers, or scientific names personally suggested by non-experts. As a result, the general public who have a lot of affection and interest in amphibians is experiencing great confusion. The Korean Society of Herpetologist notify the standard names of Korean amphibians in order to minimize the confusion. This criterion will be essential for the conservation and research of Korean amphibians.

Preference for natural borders in rice paddies by two treefrog species

Jordy Groffen,Amaël Borzée,장이권 한국통합생물학회 2018 Animal cells and systems Vol.22 No.3

In the Republic of Korea, one of the biggest threats to amphibians is habitat modification such as urbanisation and land conversion. With the loss of natural habitats, rice paddies play an important role as substitute habitats for amphibians that originally inhabited wetlands. However, since the 70’s, traditional rice agriculture has been modernised, leading to an increase in the number of concrete ditches and roads bordering rice paddies. This modernisation could have affected the distribution and density of amphibians. In this study, we investigated the preferred position, based on the advertisement calls for two treefrog species (Dryophytes japonicus and D. suweonensis), in relation to different types of borders such as natural ditch, concrete ditch, one-lane dirt road and vegetation. The results show that treefrogs seem to avoid rice paddies with concrete ditches, and with no ditch, which provided no resting microhabitat. The sides of the paddies preferred by the two treefrog species were the ones with vegetation of 30 cm wider or higher, while the two species seemed to avoid the side of paddies with roads. Our results are important for the conservation of anuran species in rice paddies in general as it highlights the need for vegetated areas, preferentially along natural ditches.

Dichlorvos and Paraquat induced avoidance responses in tadpoles (Amietophrynus regularis reuss, 1833) and their contribution to population decline

Hilary C. Umeokeke,Henry N. Amaeze,Friday O. Ehiguese,Olusola O. Ogunfeitimi,Evelyn T. Soriwei,Suuru A. Labinjo 환경독성보건학회 2022 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Pesticides notwithstanding their benefits in agriculture pose threats to non-target fauna such as amphibians. This study examined the avoidance responses of tadpoles of the African common toad, Amietophrynus regularis, exposed to Dichlorvos and Paraquat under a non-forced multi-compartmented exposure system (NFS) and estimated the Population Immediate Decline (PID) by integrating avoidance and lethal responses. The NFS was designed to allow the free movement of tadpoles across six compartments in order to elucidate the ability of aquatic organisms to detect and potentially avoid contaminated environments at will. The tadpoles (n=3 per compartment/concentration; 18 per system) were exposed to gradients of Dichlorvos (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) and Paraquat (0, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 mg/L) in quadruplicates with their distribution recorded every 20 mins for 3 h. 48 h acute toxicity tests under forced exposure system (FS) was performed using the same range of concentrations. Acute toxicity (48 h) response in the FS tests was dose dependent with LC50 values of 0.79 mg/L and 6.46 mg/L recorded for Dichlorvos and Paraquat, respectively. The mean percentage distribution of tadpoles recorded for Dichlorvos and Paraquat was about 11% and 0% in the highest concentrations (2.0 and 20.0 mg/L) to 58% and 69% in compartments with no contaminants (control), respectively. PID was primarily driven by avoidance responses rather than mortality. These findings are of conservation interest as it elucidates the potential of both pesticides to impair local distribution of amphibians and cause biodiversity loss.

한국산 양서.파충류의 기생충 질병 현황: 기후변화에서 병원체 전파에 미치는 영향에 대한 고찰

박갑만 한국자연보호학회 2012 한국자연보호학회지 Vol.6 No.2

To determine the status of Korean wild reptiles and amphibians infection and relation with climate change of Korean peninsula, references were reviewed. Wild animals serve as intermediate, reservoirs and paratenic hosts to zoonotic parasites of human beings. The parasites and disease can be a serious problem for all herptiles. The infectious diseases, in particular, become parasitized through contact with other reptiles or contaminated objects and environments, or by eating infected food items. Worms are one of the most common intestinal parasites. Among reptiles, the most common infections are flatworms (trematodes), roundworms (nematodes), tapeworms (cestodes), and spiny-headed worms (acanthocephalans). A total of 20 species for infectious diseases from Korean wild reptiles and amphibians has been reviewed. Among them, 11 species was amphibians and 9 species for reptiles. The Korean wild herptiles had total 41 kinds of parasite pathogenic organisms. Meximum infections belonged to Rana nigromaculata as amphibians had 22 kinds of parasite organisms, including Gorgodera aponica, Gorgodera bombinae, Diplodiscus japonicus, Haematoloechus sibiricus japonicus, Pleurogenoides japonicus, Haematoloechus nanchangensis, Haematoloechus variegatus, Haematoloechus lobatus koreanus, Neodiplostomum seoulense, Halipergus japonicus, Haematolechus japonicus, Loxogenes liberum, Baerttia japonica, Ophiotaenia manae, Oswardcruzia lualata, Icosiella kobayashi, Pharyngodon pobypedates, Gyrinicola japonica, Catadiseus sp., Ophisthodiseus sp., Diplorchis sp., and Sparganum. Also, Dinodon rufozonatum as reptiles had 5 kinds of parasite, including Cotylaspis coreensis, Cotylaspis sinensis, Cephalogonimus japonicus, Astiotrema reniferum, Astiotrema odheri, Kaurma orientalis, and Astiotrema sp.. In the future, under the climatic extremes on Korean peninsula such as floods, drought and temperature variability, in particular, the susceptibility of amphibian and reptiles to infection will be increased and they have implications for the emergence of disease and the potential for climate change to exacerbate amphibian decline.

한국산 양서·파충류의 질병매개 기생충 현황: 기후변화에서 병원체 전파에 미치는 영향에 대한 고찰

박갑만 한국자연보호학회 2012 한국자연보호학회지 Vol.6 No.2

To determine the status of Korean wild reptiles and amphibians infection and relation with climate change of Korean peninsula, references were reviewed. Wild animals serve as intermediate, reservoirs and paratenic hosts to zoonotic parasites of human beings. The parasites and disease can be a serious problem for all herptiles. The infectious diseases, in particular, become parasitized through contact with other reptiles or contaminated objects and environments, or by eating infected food items. Worms are one of the most common intestinal parasites. Among reptiles, the most common infections are flatworms (trematodes), roundworms (nematodes), tapeworms (cestodes), and spiny-headed worms (acanthocephalans). A total of 20 species for infectious diseases from Korean wild reptiles and amphibians has been reviewed. Among them, 11 species was amphibians and 9 species for reptiles. The Korean wild herptiles had total 41 kinds of parasite pathogenic organisms. Meximum infections belonged to Rana nigromaculata as amphibians had 22 kinds of parasite organisms, including Gorgodera aponica, Gorgodera bombinae, Diplodiscus japonicus, Haematoloechus sibiricus japonicus, Pleurogenoides japonicus, Haematoloechus nanchangensis, Haematoloechus variegatus, Haematoloechus lobatus koreanus, Neodiplostomum seoulense, Halipergus japonicus, Haematolechus japonicus, Loxogenes liberum, Baerttia japonica, Ophiotaenia manae, Oswardcruzia lualata, Icosiella kobayashi, Pharyngodon pobypedates, Gyrinicola japonica, Catadiseus sp., Ophisthodiseus sp., Diplorchis sp., and Sparganum. Also, Dinodon rufozonatum as reptiles had 5 kinds of parasite, including Cotylaspis coreensis, Cotylaspis sinensis, Cephalogonimus japonicus, Astiotrema reniferum, Astiotrema odheri, Kaurma orientalis, and Astiotrema sp.. In the future, under the climatic extremes on Korean peninsula such as floods, drought and temperature variability, in particular, the susceptibility of amphibian and reptiles to infection will be increased and they have implications for the emergence of disease and the potential for climate change to exacerbate amphibian decline.

두꺼비 서식지 적합성 지수(HSI) 모델개발을 위한 연구

조근영,구본학 한국환경복원기술학회 2022 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This study investigates the characteristics and physical habitat requirements for each Bufo gargarizans life history through a literature survey. After deriving variables for each component of Bufo gargarizans, in order to reduce regional deviations from eight previously studied literature research areas for deriving the criteria for variables, a total of 12 natural habitats of Bufo gargarizanss are selected as spatial ranges by selecting four additional sites such as Umyeonsan Ecological Park in Seoul, Wonheungibangjuk in Cheongju in the central region, Changnyeong Isan Reservoir in the southern region, and Mangwonji in Daegu. This study presents Bufo gargarizans SI, a species endemic to Korea, whose population is rapidly declining due to large-scale housing site development and road development, and develops a Bufo gargarizans HSI model accordingly to improve the function of the damaged Bufo gargarizans habitat and to present an objective basis for site selection of alternative habitat. At the same time, it provides basic data for adaptive management and follow-up monitoring. The three basic habitat requirements of amphibians, the physical habitat requirements of Bufo gargarizans, synthesized with shelter, food, and water, and the characteristics of each life history, are classified into five components by adding space and threats through literature research and expert advice. Variables are proposed by synthesizing and comparing the general characteristics of amphibians, among the previously studied single species of amphibians, the components of HSI of goldfrogs and Bufo gargarizans, and the ecological and physical environmental characteristics of Bufo gargarizans. Afterwards, through consultation with an amphibian expert, a total of 10 variables are finally presented by adjacent forest area(ha), the distance between spawning area and the nearest forest land(m), the soil, the distance from the wetland(m), the forest layered structure, the low grassland space, the permanent wetland area(ha), shoreline slope(%), PH, presence of predators, distance from road(m), presence or absence of obstacles. n order to derive the final criteria for each of the 10 variables, the criteria(alternative) for each variable are presented through geographic information analysis of the site survey area and field surveys of the previously studied literature research area. After a focus group interview(FGI) of 30 people related to the Bufo gargarizans colony in Cheongju, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews with three amphibians experts are conducted to verify and supplement the criteria for each final variable. Based on the finally developed Bufo gargarizans HSI, the Bufo gargarizans habitat model is presented through the SI graph model and the drawing centering on the Bufo gargarizans spawning area .

Antioxidative Activity and Anti-inflammatory Effects on the Murine Macrophages of Methanol Extracts of Amphibians

( Sang Bum Kim ),( Min Ho Chang ),( Sang Hyun Han ),( Hong Shik Oh ) 한국환경생물학회 2012 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Oxidative stress has been reported to be one of causes of neuritis. This study examined antioxidative activities of methanol extracts of six amphibian species known to be medicinal animals (Rana catesbeiana, R. coreana, R. rugosa, R. dybowskii, R. nigromaculata, and Hyla japonica) and investigated their effects of inhibiting nitric oxide(NO) production and cytotoxicity on the murinemacrophage RAW264.7 cells. As inflammation is closely associated with reactive oxygen species, assays on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity, xanthine oxidase inhi-bitory activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and NO scavenging activity of the extracts of the six species were performed to investigate their an tioxidative activity. The resultsobtained were as follows; All extracts showed antioxidative activity, and the activity of R. dybowskiiwas the highest in comparison among those. Anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts were alsoexamined, the five extracts except that of R. rugosadid not show cytotoxicity for RAW264.7 cells atthe maximal concentration(1,000μμg mL--1). Selectivity index, meaning NO scavenging activity com-pared to cytotoxicity, showed the highest level in the extract of R. dybowskii. These results will bevery useful basic data for future studies on prevention and treatment of human diseases to under-stand the biological roles of amphibian extracts throughout the antioxidative or anti-inflammatory pathways.

한국산 양서류의 분류목록과 분포상

김종범 한국양서·파충류학회 2009 한국양서·파충류학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Effects of butyltin compounds on follicular steroidogenesis in the bullfrog(<i>Rana catesbeiana</i>)

Ahn, Ryun Sup,Han, Seong-Jeong,Kim, Seung Chang,Kwon, Hyuk Bang Elsevier 2007 Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Vol.24 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The effects of butyltin compounds on follicular steroidogenesis in amphibians were examined using ovarian follicles of <I>Rana catesbeiana</I>. Isolated follicles were cultured for 18h in the presence and absence of frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) or various steroid precursors, and the steroid levels in the follicles or culture media were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Among the butyltin compounds, tributyltin (TBT) strongly inhibited the FPH-induced synthesis of pregnenolone (P<SUB>5</SUB>), progesterone (P<SUB>4</SUB>) and testosterone (T). It also inhibited the conversion of P<SUB>5</SUB>–P<SUB>4</SUB> and T to estradiol-17β(E<SUB>2</SUB>) and it partially suppressed the conversion of androstenedione (AD) to T, but not P<SUB>4</SUB> to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP<SUB>4</SUB>). A high concentration of dibutyltin (DBT) also inhibited steroidogenesis by the follicles while monobutyltin (MBT) and tetrabutylin (TeBT) had no effect. These results suggest that the initial step of steroidogenesis (P<SUB>5</SUB> synthesis) and enzymes such as 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD and aromatase are inhibited by TBT or DBT. However, 17α-hydroxylase was not suppressed by TBT or the other butyltin compounds.</P>

Habitat Fragmentation by a Levee and Its Impact on Frog Population in the Civilian Control Zone

주재형,김재현,김승호 한국습지학회 2016 한국습지학회지 Vol.18 No.2

We examined whether an artificial levee constructed on prime amphibian habitat influences fragmentation. Four different sites on both sides of a levee in the Civilian Control Zone(CCZ) were probed. Sites 1 and 2 are rice paddies on one side of the levee, and Site 3 is the stream that locates in the same side. All the three sites have water conditions of seasonal variance. On the other side, Site 4 consists of rice paddies with a stable condition of water supply, irrigated through a canal. The research sites were frequented and the frog populations were closely monitored. The investigation identified five species. Pelophylax nigromaculatus was the most frequent (n=295), followed by Hyla japonica (n=220) and Glandirana rugosa (n=124). Three Bufo gargarizans and eight Rana coreana were also found. The amphibians, however, were found to relocate themselves according to water condition to rice paddies or stream only within one side of the levee. Despite having ample sources of water and foods, Site 4 lacked large populations of frogs, even when droughts came. Both the species dominance index and the richness index indicated a more favorable living condition of the one side of the levee (Sites 1 and 2) over the other.