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MBR공정에서 질산화 미생물고정화 담체 적용에 따른 막 오염 제어
김지숙,국영롱,박정연,장유정,박철휘 대한환경공학회 2019 대한환경공학회지 Vol.41 No.5
In order to control membrane fouling in the MBR process, energy consumption by membrane cleaning is high as critical flux down operation, influent pre-treatment, and membrane cleaning (air cleaning, back washing, chemical cleaning) needs to be taken to control membrane fouling and reduce energy consumption at the same time. It is energy - effective to apply granular materials as scouring agent other than air to increase membrane fouling control and reduce the amount of air. In this study, nitrifier immobilized media of PVA material can be applied as scouring agent to reduce membrane fouling and it is possible to replace the MLSS of high concentration, which can reduce membrane fouling factors such as EPS and SMP that inducing membrane pore blocking. The transmembrane pressure difference was analyzed in case of flux 17 L/m2/h and 21, 24 L/m2/h respectively, there was almost no difference between the MBR and MMBR in the flux 17 L/m2/h but the pressure of 21, 24 L/m2/h increased to 242%, 485% in MBR and increased 64%, 225% in MMBR. Also, high concentration of NH3-N over 100 mg/L was 100% nitrified all together at HRT 6 h. MBR 공정에 있어 막 오염을 제어하기 위하여 임계플럭스 하향 운전, 유입수 전처리 및 막 세정(공기 세정, 역 세척, 화학 세정)을 하는데 막 세정에 의한 에너지 소비가 높아 막 오염 제어와 동시에 에너지 소비 저감에 대한 대책이 필요하다. Scouring agent로 공기 외에 입상 물질을 적용하면 막 오염 제어를 증가시키고, 공기세정을 줄일 수 있어 에너지 측면에서 효율적이다. 본 연구에서는 PVA재질의 nitrifier immobilized media를 scouring agent로 적용함으로써 막 오염을 저감시키고, 고농도의 MLSS를 대체할 수 있어 막 표면 및 공극을 막는 EPS 및 SMP등의 막 오염 유발 인자를 줄일 수 있다. Flux 17, 21, 24 L/m2/h조건에서 막 차압 상승률을 비교한 결과, 17 L/m2/h에서는 MBR과 MMBR의 차이가 거의 없었지만, 21, 24 L/m2/h에서는 MBR의 차압은 242%, 485%까지 상승하였고 MMBR은 66.5%, 225%로 MMBR의 차압 상승률이 2배 이상 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 실험 기간 동안 원수의 NH3-N농도가 평균 115 mg/L일 때 HRT 6 h 조건에서 MBR, MMBR 모두 100% 질산화되었다.
유입흐름 변경 및 전응집 기반 이단응집 제어 적용 MBR을 통한 총인처리 개선 연구
차재환,신경숙,박승국,신정훈,김병군 대한상하수도학회 2017 상하수도학회지 Vol.31 No.1
A membrane bioreactor by sequentially alternating the inflow and by applying a two-stage coagulation control based on pre-coagulation was evaluated in terms of phosphorus removal efficiency and cost-savings. The MBR consisted of two identical alternative reaction tanks, followed by aerobic, anoxic and membrane tanks, where the wastewater and the internal return sludge alternatively flowed into each alternative reaction tank at every 2 hours. In the batch-operated alternative reaction tank, the initial concentration of nitrate rapidly decreased from 2.3 to 0.4 mg/L for only 20 minutes after stopping the inflow, followed by substantial release of phosphorus up to 4 mg/L under anaerobic condition. Jar test showed that the minimum alum doses to reduce the initial PO4-P below 0.2 mg/L were 2 and 9 mol-Al/mol-P in the wastewater and the activated sludge from the membrane tank, respectively. It implies that a pre-coagulation in influent is more cost-efficient for phosphorus removal than the coagulation in the bioreactor. On the result of NUR test, there were little difference in terms of denitrification rate and contents of readily biodegradable COD between raw wastewater and pre-coagulated wastewater. When adding alum into the aerobic tank, alum doses above 26 mg/L as Al2O3 caused inhibitory effects on ammonia oxidation. Using the two-stage coagulation control based on pre-coagulation, the P concentration in the MBR effluent was kept below 0.2 mg/L with the alum of 2.7 mg/L as Al2O3, which was much lower than 5.1∼7.4 mg/L as Al2O3 required for typical wastewater treatment plants. During the long-term operation of MBR, there was no change of the TMP increase rate before and after alum addition.