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432-μm Laser’s Beam-waist Measurement for the Polarimeter/Interferometer on the EAST Tokamak
Z. X. Wang,H. Q. Liu,Y. X. Jie,M. Q. Wu,T. Lan,X. Zhu,Z. Y. Zou,Y. Yang,X. C. Wei,L. Zeng,G. S. Li,X. Gao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8
A far-infrared (FIR) polarimeter/interferometer (PI) system is under development for measurementsof the current-density and the electron-density profiles in the EAST tokamak. The systemwill utilize three identical 432-μm CHCOOH lasers pumped by a CO2 laser. Measurements of thelaser beam’s waist size and position are basic works. This paper will introduce three methods witha beam profiler and several focusing optical elements. The beam profiler can be used to show thespatial energy distribution of the laser beam. The active area of the profiler is 12.4 × 12.4 mm2. Some focusing optical elements are needed to focus the beam in order for the beam profiler toreceive the entire laser beam. Two principles and three methods are used in the measurement. Thefirst and the third methods are based on the same principle, and the second method adopts an otherprinciple. Due to the fast and convenient measurement, although the first method is a special formof the third and it can only give the size of beam waist, it is essential to the development of theexperiment and it can provide guidance for the choices of the sizes of the optical elements in the nextstep. A concave mirror, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) lens and a polymethylpentene (TPX)lens are each used in the measurement process. The results of these methods are close enough forthe design of PI system’s optical path.
Z. P. Zhang,J. D. Liu,K. Q. Qiu,Y. Y. Huang,J. G. Li,X. G. Wang,J. L. Liu,M. Wang,M. K. Zou,Y. Z. Zhou 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.2
A novel fourth-generation nickel-based single crystal superalloy was bonded by vacuum brazing at 1230 °C, 1260 °C and1290 °C for 60 min using a new type of Co-based filler alloy. The effects of the brazing temperature on the microstructureand mechanical properties of the brazed joint were investigated. The brazed joint was mainly composed of the non-isothermalsolidification zone (M3B2 type-boride, CrB boride, Ni3Bboride and MC carbide), isothermal solidification zone (γ and γ'Phase) and base metal. With the increase of brazing temperature, the volume fraction of borides and γ' phase in the centerof the joint decreased and increased, respectively. The high-temperature tensile test results show that the tensile strength ofthe joints was improved with increasing brazing temperature, and the maximum tensile strength of the joint was 766 MPaafter brazing at 1290 °C for 60 min. Fracture observation shows that the fracture modes of the joints were the same, whichbelongs to the typical quasi cleavage fracture. The element distribution in the joint was homogenized to a certain extent at1290 °C. The segregation of Si and Ru was found, but they were still dissolved in the γ solid solution. The experimentalresults help to better understand the microstructure characteristics of the novel fourth-generation nickel-based single crystalsuperalloy and provide guidance for further optimizing the process parameters of the brazed joint.
Guo, Y.Q.,Zou, Y.,Cao, Z.J.,Xu, X.F.,Yang, Z.S.,Li, Shengli Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.7
Eight multiparous Holstein cows ($569{\pm}47$ kg of BW; $84{\pm}17$ DIM) were used to evaluate the effects of different levels of coarsely ground wheat (CGW) as replacements for ground corn (GC) in diets on feed intake and digestion, ruminal fermentation, lactation performance, and plasma metabolites profiles in dairy cows. The cows were settled in a replicated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with 3-wk treatment periods; four cows in one of the replicates were fitted with rumen cannulas. The four diets contained 0, 9.6, 19.2, and 28.8% CGW and 27.9, 19.2, 9.6, and 0% GC on dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. Increasing dietary levels of CGW, daily DM intake tended to increase quadratically (p = 0.07); however, apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were significantly decreased (p<0.01) in cows fed the 28.8% CGW diets. Ruminal pH remained in the normal physiological range for all dietary treatments at all times, except for the 28.8% CGW diets at 6 h after feeding; moreover, increasing dietary levels of CGW, the daily mean ruminal pH decreased linearly (p = 0.01). Increasing the dietary levels of CGW resulted in a linear increase in ruminal propionate (p<0.01) and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) (p = 0.06) concentration, while ruminal acetate: propionate decreased linearly (p = 0.03) in cows fed the 28.8% CGW diets. Milk production was not affected by diets; however, percentage and yield of milk fat decreased linearly (p = 0.02) when the level of CGW was increased. With increasing levels of dietary CGW, concentrations of plasma beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) (p = 0.07) and cholesterol (p<0.01) decreased linearly, whereas plasma glucose (p = 0.08), insulin (p = 0.02) and urea nitrogen (p = 0.02) increased linearly at 6 h after the morning feeding. Our results indicate that CGW is a suitable substitute for GC in the diets of dairy cows and that it may be included up to a level of 19.2% of DM without adverse effects on feed intake and digestion, ruminal fermentation, lactation performance, and plasma metabolites if the cows are fed fiber-sufficient diets.
SYNTHESIS OF POLYBENZONITRILE WITH ULTRAFAST OPTICAL KERR EFFECT
Zhao, X.Y,Xu, Q,He, Y.K,Chen, H.Y,Wang, C.F,Ai, X.C,Xia, Z.J,Zou, Y.H 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.1 No.3
Plasma polymerization of benzonitrile was carried out with RF glow discharge system. The polymer was characterized by FT-IR, UV-VIS, and Elemental Analysis. the molecular weitht was determined by vapor pressure osmometer. for the first time the nonresonant optical Kerr effect(OKE) of plasma polymerized benzonitrile was measured, and a power law dependence of ${\gamma}_{1111}$ on average polymerization degree was discussed. An ultrafast response was also observed.
Chengzhi Xu,Y.Z. Xu,Yanli Zhao,Kunzhong Lu,Weihua Liu,Shibing Fan,Hui Zou,Wen Liu 한국전자통신연구원 2012 ETRI Journal Vol.34 No.3
A complete high-frequency small-signal circuit model of a 40 Gb/s butterfly electroabsorption modulator integrated laser module is presented for the first time to analyze and optimize its electro-optic (E/O) response and reflection characteristics. An agreement between measured and simulated results demonstrates the accuracy and validity of the procedures. By optimizing the bonding wire length and the impedance of the coplanar waveguide transmission lines, the E/O response increases approximately 5% to 15% from 20 GHz to 33 GHz, while the signal injection efficiency increases from approximately 15% to 25% over 18 GHz to 35 GHz.
Loss-Separation Study on Silica-insulated Gas-atomized Fe-Si-Al Soft Magnetic Composites
T. T. Xu,B. W. Zhang,Z. Shi,W. W. Guan,K. Wan,X. Y. Shi,W. Liu,H. L. Su,Z. Q. Zou,Y. W. Du 한국자기학회 2020 Journal of Magnetics Vol.25 No.2
Fe-Si-Al soft magnetic composites were composed of gas-atomized Fe-9.6wt.%Si-5.4wt.%Al alloy powders insulated with silica nanoparticles. The influence of silica insulation content on the core’s magnetic properties was studied. It was found that increasing the silica mass ratio deteriorated the effective permeability and core loss in the frequency range of 40-120 kHz, while improved the quality factor at 100 kHz and DC-bias performance. The effective demagnetizing field reflected by density and the core’s volume resistivity may cause the variations of these magnetic parameters. Loss separation fitting was performed using the Bertotti formula, indicating that silica insulation increased the hysteresis loss and reduced the eddy-current loss. The hysteresis loss took over at the frequency lower than 120 kHz in this work. With increasing the frequency, the eddy-current loss grew more quickly than the hysteresis loss. Therefore, different methods should be adopted to reduce the core loss according to the core’s application frequency.
A novel photoanode with high flexibility for fiber-shaped dye sensitized solar cells
Liu, G.,Gao, X.,Wang, H.,Kim, A. Y.,Zhao, Z.,Lee, J.,Zou, D. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.4 No.16
<P>A completely flexible fiber-shaped dye sensitized solar cell has been truly realized for the first time, due to a novel photoanode with a TiO2 micron-cone-nanowire array structure prepared by a simple two-step process. The TiO2 micron-cone array, made using an electrochemical method, is used as a frame for a novel photoanode, with its roots sinking deep down into a Ti wire substrate. The TiO2 nanowire array is coated onto the TiO2 micron-cone surface by a hydrothermal reaction to form a dye-adsorption layer to the enhance power conversion efficiency of the novel device. With a high dye-adsorption capacity and strong combination between the TiO2 micron-cone and Ti substrate, the minimum bending radius of the photoanode could reach 0.45 mm, and 96.6% retention of the initial conversion efficiency was obtained after bending 100 times.</P>