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토끼 동방결절에서의 완만내향전류(i<sub>si</sub>)에 관한 연구
안광필(Ahn, Kwang-Pil),이영균(Lee, Young-Kyun),엄융의(Earm, Yung-E),김우겸(Kim, Woo-Gyeum) 대한생리학회 1986 대한생리학회지 Vol.20 No.2
The voltage clamp studies were undertaken to elucidate the properties of the slow inward current, i<sub>si</sub> in the small preparations of the rabbit sinoatrial node. The slow inward current, i<sub>si</sub> which is known to be responsible for the late one-third of pacemaker potential and whole range of upstroke phase of action potential was analysed with the effects of isoprenaline, cobalt, ouabain and higenamine. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Voltage of SA node preparation was held at zero current level, usually-40mV and the slow inward current, i<sub>si</sub> was activated by depolarizing clamp pulses. Peak values of i<sub>si</sub> in steady state were at -10±0mV in most preparations. 2) Isoprenaline, β-agonist increased i<sub>si</sub> and no shift was noticed in voltage-dependency. 3) Cobalt ion in the concentration of 1 mM abolished is, in entire range of membrane potential and the difference of two current levels before and after Co<sup>2+</sup> treatment could be considered as pure i<sub>si</sub> magnitude. 4) In the therapeutic concentration of ouabain (5 X 10<sup>-8</sup>M) slightly increased is, and reduced the time to reach the peak value. 5) Higenamine (10<sup>-6</sup>M) changed the configurations of action potential (i. e. rapid upstroke phase and notch in the spike) and increase spontaneous rate. It also increased is, and the effect of higenamine was blocked β-blocker, propranolol (10<sup>-6</sup>M).
Choi, Mihwa,Ahn, Chi-Yeong,Lee, Hyunjoon,Kim, Jong Kwan,Oh, Seung-Hyeon,Hwang, Wonchan,Yang, Seugran,Kim, Jungsuk,Kim, Ok-Hee,Choi, Insoo,Sung, Yung-Eun,Cho, Yong-Hun,Rhee, Choong Kyun,Shin, Woonsup Elsevier 2019 Applied Catalysis B Vol.253 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Formic acid is a chemical with a simple molecular structure containing hydrogen. This liquid at room temperature is easy to handle and has a low toxicity, and is thus in the spotlight as a fuel. In particular, formic acid is an excellent fuel candidate because it can be operated at low temperatures when applied as a fuel in fuel cells with a high theoretical open-circuit voltage (1.48 V). However, it has a drawback in that the electrode catalyst is deactivated due to the generation of CO intermediates when formic acid is oxidized during cell operation. Therefore, to prevent this, an irreversibly adsorbed Bi on Pt catalyst is applied to a direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) anode because it is easy to synthesize and economical. Physical analyses such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted, and electrochemical evaluations were performed through half-cell and single-cell level tests. The results revealed that the formic acid oxidation reaction activity of the Bi-modified Pt/C was 13 times higher than that of the conventional catalyst at 0.58 V. Further, a DFAFC stack was fabricated using the Bi-modified Pt/C, which yielded a power of 300 W. These results suggest that a simple synthesis method can be applied to fabricating industrially available DFAFC stacks.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Bi-modified Pt catalyst is applied to a direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) anode. </LI> <LI> Bi was irreversibly adsorbed on Pt catalyst by a simple synthetic strategy. </LI> <LI> Bi-modified Pt/C showed significantly high formic acid oxidation reaction activity. </LI> <LI> A DFAFC stack fabricated using Bi-modified Pt/C yielded a power of 300 W. </LI> <LI> The simple synthetic strategy can be applied to achieving DFAFC stacks commercially. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Lee, Ho Yung,Park, Hyeong Cheon,Seo, Bo Jeung,Do, Jun Young,Yun, Sung Ro,Song, Hyun Yong,Kim, Yeong Hoon,Kim, Yong Lim,Kim, Dae Joong,Kim, Yong Soo,Ahn, Curie,Kim, Moon Jae,Shin, Sug Kyun SAGE Publications 2005 Peritoneal dialysis international Vol.25 No.3
<B>Background</B><P> In recent years, laboratory and clinical research has suggested the need for peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) that are more biocompatible than the conventional PDFs commonly used today. Bioincompatibility of PDF has been attributed to low pH, lactate, glucose, glucose degradation products (GDPs), and osmolality. PDFs with neutral pH and low GDPs are now available commercially. In vitro and early clinical studies suggest that these solutions are indeed more biocompatible but, as of now, there is no evidence that their use improves patient outcome. </P><B>Methods</B><P> Using a dedicated database of over 2000 patients treated with PD in Korea, we were able to conduct a retrospective observational study comparing outcomes for incident continuous ambulatory PD patients treated with a standard, conventional, heat-sterilized PDF to the outcomes for patients treated with a novel, low GDP, neutral-pH PDF prepared in a dual-compartment, double-bag PD system (Balance; Fresenius Medical Care, St. Wendel, Germany). In an intention-to-treat analysis, patient and technique survival, peritonitis-free survival, and peritonitis rates were compared in 611 patients treated with Balance for up to 30 months and 551 patients with a standard PDF (stay·safe; Fresenius Medical Care) treated in the same era and with equivalent follow-up. </P><B>Results</B><P> The patients were well matched for most relevant characteristics except older age distribution for the patients treated with the standard PDF. Patients treated with Balance had significantly superior survival compared to those treated with the standard PDF (74% vs 62% at 28 months, p = 0.0032). In a multivariate Cox regression model including age, diabetes, and gender, the survival advantage persisted (relative risk of death for Balance 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.56 - 0.99, p = 0.0465). Modality technique survival was similar in Kaplan-Meier analysis for both PDFs. No differences were detected in peritonitis-free survival or in peritonitis rates between the two solutions. </P><B>Conclusion</B><P> This study, for the first time, suggests that treatment with a novel biocompatible PDF with low GDP concentration and neutral pH confers a significant survival advantage. The exact mechanisms for such a survival advantage cannot be determined from this study. The usual criticisms of observational studies apply and the results reported here strongly warrant the undertaking of appropriately designed, randomized, controlled clinical trials. </P>