Thick Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Films Prepared by Filtered Catholic Vacuum Arc Method

Yongqing Shen,Han Zhou,Xu Zhang 한국표면공학회 2017 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2017 No.11

An optimization approach for black-and-white and hinge-removal topology designs

Yongqing Fu,Xianmin Zhang 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.2

An optimization approach for black-and-white and hinge-removal topology designs is studied. To achieve this motive, an optimal topologyallowing grey boundaries is found firstly. When a suitable design has been obtained, this solution is then used as a starting pointfor the follow-up optimization with the goal to free unfavorable intermediate elements. For this purpose, an updated optimality criterionin which a threshold factor is introduced to gradually suppress elements with low density is proposed. The typical optimality method andnew technique proposed are applied to the design procedure sequentially. Besides, to circumvent the one-point hinge connection problemproducing in the process of freeing intermediate elements, a hinge-removal strategy is also proposed. During the optimization, the binaryconstraints on design variables are relaxed based on the scheme of solid isotropic material with penalization. Meanwhile, the meshindependencyfilter is employed to ensure the existence of a solution and remove well-known checkerboards. In this way, a solution thathas few intermediate elements and is free of one-point hinge connections is obtained. Finally, different numerical examples including thecompliance minimization, compliant mechanisms and vibration problems demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.

Comparison of immunoadjuvant activities of four bursal peptides combined with H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine

Cong Zhang,Jiangfei Zhou,Zhixin Liu,Yongqing Liu,Kairui Cai,Tengfei Shen,Cheng-Shui Liao,Chen Wang 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.6

The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central humoral immune organ unique to birds. Four bursal peptides (BP-I, BP-II, BP-III, and BP-IV) have been isolated and identified from the BF. In this study, the immunoadjuvant activities of BPs I to IV were examined in mice immunized with H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine. The results suggested that BP-I effectively enhanced cell-mediated immune responses, increased the secretion of Th1 (interferon gamma)- and Th2 (interleukin-4)-type cytokines, and induced an improved cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to the H9N2 virus. BP-II mainly elevated specific antibody production, especially neutralizing antibodies, and increased Th1- and Th2-type cytokine secretion. BP-III had no significant effect on antibody production or cell-mediated immune responses compared to those in the control group. A strong immune response at both the humoral and cellular levels was induced by BP-IV. Furthermore, a virus challenge experiment followed by H&E staining revealed that BP-I and BP-II promoted removal of the virus and conferred protection in mouse lungs. BP-IV significantly reduced viral titers and histopathological changes and contributed to protection against H9N2 AIV challenge in mouse lungs. This study further elucidated the immunoadjuvant activities of BPs I to IV, providing a novel insight into immunoadjuvants for use in vaccine design.

Identification and functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs related to oxidative stress in the jejunum of piglets

Li Jinbao,Zhang Jianmin,Jin Xinlin,Li Shiyin,Du Yingbin,Zeng Yongqing,Wang Jin,Chen Wei 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.2

Objective: Oxidative stress (OS) is a pathological process arising from the excessive production of free radicals in the body. It has the potential to alter animal gene expression and cause damage to the jejunum. However, there have been few reports of changes in the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the jejunum in piglets under OS. The purpose of this research was to examine how lncRNAs in piglet jejunum change under OS. Methods: The abdominal cavities of piglets were injected with diquat (DQ) to produce OS. Raw reads were downloaded from the SRA database. RNA-seq was utilized to study the expression of lncRNAs in piglets under OS. Additionally, six randomly selected lncRNAs were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) to examine the mechanism of oxidative damage. Results: A total of 79 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in the treatment group compared to the negative control group. The target genes of DE lncRNAs were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways. Chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species, the Foxo signaling pathway, colorectal cancer, and the AMPK signaling pathway were all linked to OS. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that DQ-induced OS causes differential expression of lncRNAs, laying the groundwork for future research into the processes involved in the jejunum’s response to OS.

A Comparative Study on the Effect of Upstream Trough on Intensity Changes of Two Types of Tropical Cyclones during Extratropical Transition

Yue Liao,Yongqing Wang,Jialing Zhou,Xiunian Zhang 한국기상학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.56 No.1

Based on the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) tropical cyclone (TC) database and the reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the post-transition intensifying tropical cyclones (ITC) and weakening tropical cyclones (WTC) which landed in China and underwent extratropical transition (ET) are discussed in this paper. The TCs with upper-level trough are selected in order to identify different effects of the trough on the ITC and the WTC. The dynamic composite analysis is applied to explore their structure characteristics, environment fields and dynamic diagnosis. Results show that affected by the South Asia high and the subtropical high, the trough of ITC (WTC) extends from northwest to southeast (northeast to southwest) in the ET process. Thus, the zonal wind shear of ITC drops off after ET due to the approach of trough and its northwestsoutheast direction, while the zonal and total wind shears of WTC continue to increase because of the steering westerly flow at the upper level. In terms of the ITC, the cold air carried by the upper-level trough intrudes into TC inner area and mostly encircles the TC center, making the ITC characterized by a warm seclusion. While for the WTC, the cold air only wanders on the northwest side of TC without further intrusion. The upper-level divergence is also in favor of the ITC by the pumping influence. According to the diagnostic analysis of moist potential vorticity, the moist baroclinity can lead to changes in vertical vorticity to some extent. The vertical vorticity budget analysis further indicates that there is stronger and wider positive vorticity advection in the upper troposphere near the TC center for ITC. The contribution of the baroclinic term to the growth of vertical vorticity is more significant in ITC than WTC but it is also deeply influenced by the strength of upper-level trough.

Effects of L-proline on the Growth Performance, and Blood Parameters in Weaned Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged Pigs

Kang, Ping,Zhang, Lili,Hou, Yongqing,Ding, Binying,Yi, Dan,Wang, Lei,Zhu, Huiling,Liu, Yulan,Yin, Yulong,Wu, Guoyao Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.8

This trail was conducted to study the effect of L-proline on the growth performance, and blood parameter in the weaned lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged pigs. Thirty six pigs ($9.13{\pm}0.85$ kg) were assigned randomly to dietary treatments in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement in a 20-d growth assay. Factors were intraperitoneal injection with saline or LPS, and three dietary L-proline supplement levels (0%, 0.5%, or 1.0%). On d 10, blood samples were collected at 3 h after LPS (100 ${\mu}g$ LPS/kg body weight [BW]) or saline injection. On d 20 of the trial, all pigs were orally administrated D-xylose (0.1 g/kg BW) at 2 h, and blood samples were collected at 3 h after LPS or saline injection. As a result, dietary supplementation with 0.5% proline had a tendency to increase average daily gain (ADG) in piglets during d 10 to 20 (p = 0.088). Without LPS challenge, dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline had no effect on growth hormone (GH) concentrations on d 10 (p>0.05), but decreased it after LPS challenge (p<0.05). There was LPS challenge${\times}$proline interaction for GH concentrations on d 10 (p<0.05). Dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline decreased glucagon concentration on d 10 after LPS challenge (p<0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with proline increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly on d 10 and 20 (p<0.05), and 1.0% proline increased heat shock proteins-70 concentration on d 10 (p<0.05). Moreover, proline supplementation increased diamine oxidase (DAO) concentrations after LPS challenge (p<0.05). There was LPS challenge${\times}$proline interaction for DAO (p<0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline increased the D-xylose level when no LPS challenge (p<0.05). These results indicate that proline supplementation could improve growth performance, increase SOD activities, and has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract digestibility in early weaned pigs.

Improving Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae culture medium by a comparative transcriptome method

Xiaohui Wang,Wenguang Zhang,Yongqing Hao 대한수의학회 2020 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.21 No.2

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Mo) is difficult to culture, resulting in many difficulties in related research and application. Since nucleotide metabolism is a basic metabolism affects growth, this study conducted a “point-to-point” comparison of the corresponding growth phases between the Mo NM151 strain and the Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) PG3 strain. The results showed that the largest difference in nucleotide metabolism was found in the stationary phase. Nucleotide synthesis in PG3 was mostly de novo, while nucleotide synthesis in NM151 was primarily based on salvage synthesis. Compared with PG3, the missing reactions of NM151 referred to the synthesis of deoxythymine monophosphate. We proposed and validated a culture medium with added serine to fill this gap and prolong the stationary phase of NM151. This solved the problem of the fast death of Mo, which is significant for related research and application.

Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by thermophilic denitrifying bacterium Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 in the presence of single and multiple heavy metals

Han Li,Shaobin Huang,Yongqing Zhang 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.9

Cr(VI) pollution is increasing continuously as a result of ongoing industrialization. In this study, we investigated the thermophilic denitrifying bacterium Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1, isolated from the biofilm of a biotrickling filter used in nitrogen oxides (NOX) removal, with respect to its ability to remove Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution. TAD1 was capable of reducing Cr(VI) from an initial concentration of 10 mg/L to non-detectable levels over a pH range of 7–9 and at a temperature range of 30–50°C. TAD1 simultaneously removed both Cr(VI) and NO3 −-N at 50°C, when the pH was 7 and the initial Cr(VI) concentration was 15 mg/L. The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) correlated with the growth metabolic activity of TAD1. The presence of other heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Ni) inhibited the ability of TAD1 to remove Cr(VI). The metals each individually inhibited Cr(VI) removal, and the extent of inhibition increased in a cooperative manner in the presence of a combination of the metals. The addition of biodegradable cellulose acetate microspheres (an adsorption material) weakened the toxicity of the heavy metals; in their presence, the Cr(VI) removal efficiency returned to a high level. The feasibility and applicability of simultaneous nitrate removal and Cr(VI) reduction by strain TAD1 is promising, and may be an effective biological method for the clean-up of wastewater.

Identification and functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs related to skeletal muscle development in Duroc pigs

Ma Lixia,Qin Ming,Zhang Yulun,Xue Hui,Li Shiyin,Chen Wei,Zeng Yongqing 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.10

Objective: The growth of pigs involves multiple regulatory mechanisms, and modern molecular breeding techniques can be used to understand the skeletal muscle growth and development to promote the selection process of pigs. This study aims to explore candidate lncRNAs and mRNAs related to skeletal muscle growth and development among Duroc pigs with different average daily gain (ADG). Methods: A total of 8 pigs were selected and divided into two groups: H group (high-ADG) and L group (low-ADG). And followed by whole transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results: In RNA-seq, 703 DE mRNAs (263 up-regulated and 440 down-regulated) and 74 DE lncRNAs (45 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated) were identified. In addition, 1,418 Transcription factors (TFs) were found. Compared with mRNAs, lncRNAs had fewer exons, shorter transcript length and open reading frame length. DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs can form 417 lncRNA-mRNA pairs (antisense, cis and trans). DE mRNAs and target genes of lncRNAs were enriched in cellular processes, biological regulation, and regulation of biological processes. In addition, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was used to detect the functions of DE mRNAs and lncRNAs, the most of DE mRNAs and target genes of lncRNAs were enriched in QTLs related to growth traits and skeletal muscle development. In single-nucleotide polymorphism/insertion-deletion (SNP/INDEL) analysis, 1,081,182 SNP and 131,721 INDEL were found, and transition was more than transversion. Over 60% of percentage were skipped exon events among alternative splicing events. Conclusion: The results showed that different ADG among Duroc pigs with the same diet maybe due to the DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs related to skeletal muscle growth and development. Objective: The growth of pigs involves multiple regulatory mechanisms, and modern molecular breeding techniques can be used to understand the skeletal muscle growth and development to promote the selection process of pigs. This study aims to explore candidate lncRNAs and mRNAs related to skeletal muscle growth and development among Duroc pigs with different average daily gain (ADG).Methods: A total of 8 pigs were selected and divided into two groups: H group (high-ADG) and L group (low-ADG). And followed by whole transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs.Results: In RNA-seq, 703 DE mRNAs (263 up-regulated and 440 down-regulated) and 74 DE lncRNAs (45 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated) were identified. In addition, 1,418 Transcription factors (TFs) were found. Compared with mRNAs, lncRNAs had fewer exons, shorter transcript length and open reading frame length. DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs can form 417 lncRNA-mRNA pairs (antisense, cis and trans). DE mRNAs and target genes of lncRNAs were enriched in cellular processes, biological regulation, and regulation of biological processes. In addition, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was used to detect the functions of DE mRNAs and lncRNAs, the most of DE mRNAs and target genes of lncRNAs were enriched in QTLs related to growth traits and skeletal muscle development. In single-nucleotide polymorphism/insertion-deletion (SNP/INDEL) analysis, 1,081,182 SNP and 131,721 INDEL were found, and transition was more than transversion. Over 60% of percentage were skipped exon events among alternative splicing events.Conclusion: The results showed that different ADG among Duroc pigs with the same diet maybe due to the DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs related to skeletal muscle growth and development.

Effects of Tributyrin on Intestinal Energy Status, Antioxidative Capacity and Immune Response to Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Broilers

Li, Jiaolong,Hou, Yongqing,Yi, Dan,Zhang, Jun,Wang, Lei,Qiu, Hongyi,Ding, Binying,Gong, Joshua Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.12

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of tributyrin (TB) on the growth performance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, intestinal morphology, energy status, disaccharidase activity, and antioxidative capacity of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 160 one-day-old Cobb broilers were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments, with 4 replicated pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. The experiment consisted of a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangements of treatments with TB supplementation (0 or 500 mg/kg) and LPS challenge (0 or $500{\mu}g/kg$ body weight [BW]). On days 22, 24, and 26 of the trial, broilers received an intraperitoneal administration of $500{\mu}g/kg$ BW LPS or saline. Dietary TB showed no effect on growth performance. However, LPS challenge decreased the average daily gain of broilers from day 22 to day 26 of the trial. Dietary TB supplementation inhibited the increase of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (in the jejunum and ileum), interleukin-6 (in the duodenum and jejunum), and prostaglandin $E_2$ (in the duodenum) of LPS-challenged broilers. Similar inhibitory effects of TB in the activities of total nitric oxide synthase (in the ileum) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (in the jejunum) were also observed in birds challenged with LPS. Additionally, TB supplementation mitigated the decrease of ileal adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate and total adenine nucleotide and the reduction of jejunal catalase activity induced by LPS. Taken together, these results suggest that the TB supplementation was able to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the energy status and anti-oxidative capacity in the small intestine of LPS-challenged broilers.