Magnetic Assembly of Nonmagnetic Particles into Photonic Crystal Structures

He, Le,Hu, Yongxing,Kim, Hyoki,Ge, Jianping,Kwon, Sunghoon,Yin, Yadong American Chemical Society 2010 NANO LETTERS Vol.10 No.11

<P>We report the rapid formation of photonic crystal structures by assembly of uniform nonmagnetic colloidal particles in ferrofluids using external magnetic fields. Magnetic manipulation of nonmagnetic particles with size down to a few hundred nanometers, suitable building blocks for producing photonic crystals with band gaps located in the visible regime, has been difficult due to their weak magnetic dipole moment. Increasing the dipole moment of magnetic holes has been limited by the instability of ferrofluids toward aggregation at high concentration or under strong magnetic field. By taking advantage of the superior stability of highly surface-charged magnetite nanocrystal-based ferrofluids, in this paper we have been able to successfully assemble 185 nm nonmagnetic polymer beads into photonic crystal structures, from 1D chains to 3D assemblies as determined by the interplay of magnetic dipole force and packing force. In a strong magnetic field with large field gradient, 3D photonic crystals with high reflectance (83%) in the visible range can be rapidly produced within several minutes, making this general strategy promising for fast creation of large-area photonic crystals using nonmagnetic particles as building blocks.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2010/nalefd.2010.10.issue-11/nl103008v/production/images/medium/nl-2010-03008v_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl103008v'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Dissolution Kinetics of Thiourea in Triglycol Solution

Li, Hua,Guo, Feng,Hu, Guoqin,Zhao, Lei,Zhang, Yadong Korean Chemical Society 2010 대한화학회지 Vol.54 No.1

이소프로필 멀케푸탄은 중요한 약품 중간체이며 싸이오우레아와 트리글리콜은 이소프로필 멀케푸탄을 합성을 하는데 중요한 화합물이다. 그러므로 트리글리콜 용액에서의 싸이오우레아의 용해는 이소프로필 멀케푸탄의 생산에 중요하다. 트리글리콜용액에서 싸이오우레아의 용해 반응속도론을 조사하고 이소프로필 멀케푸탄을 생산하는 대체 공정을 제시하는것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 트리글리콜용액에서 싸이오우레아의 용해 반응속도론을 조사하기 위하여 용액 농도와 반응 온도를 중점적으로 관찰하였다. 싸이오우레아의 용해속도는 용액농도와 온도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. Isopropyl mercaptan is an important pharmaceutical intermediate and chemical material. And thiourea and triglycol are the main materials for the synthesis of isopropyl mercaptan. Therefore the dissolution of thiourea in triglycol solution is very important for the production of isopropyl mercaptan. The aims of this study are to examine the dissolution kinetics of thiourea in triglycol solution, and to present an alternative process for producing isopropyl mercaptan. In order to investigate the dissolution kinetics of thiourea in triglycol solution, the concentrations of solution and reaction temperature were selected as experimental parameters. It was determined that the dissolution rate of thiourea increased with the increase in solution concentration and temperature. An empirical equation was used in fitting the data. Statistical analysis indicated small errors and the results should be reliable.

Differential Hrd1 Expression and B-Cell Accumulation in Eosinophilic and Non-eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

Kun Chen,Miaomiao Han,Mengyao Tang,Yadong Xie,Yuting Lai,Xianting Hu,Jia Zhang,Jun Yang,Huabin Li 대한천식알레르기학회 2018 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.10 No.6

Purpose: Hrd1 has recently emerged as a critical regulator of B-cells in autoimmune diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation and their possible roles in CRSwNP. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting were used to assess gene and protein expression in nasal tissue extracts. Cells isolated from nasal tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Local antibody production was measured in tissue extracts with a Bio-Plex assay. Additionally, changes in Hrd1 expression in response to specific inflammatory stimuli were measured in cultured dispersed polyp cells. Results: Nasal polyps (NPs) from patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRS) had increased levels of Hrd1, B-cells and plasma cells compared with NPs from patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-ECRS) or other control subjects (P < 0.05). The average Hrd1 levels in B-cells in NPs from ECRS patients were significantly higher than those from non-ECRS patients and control subjects (P < 0.05). NPs also contained significantly increased levels of several antibody isotypes compared with normal controls (P < 0.05). Interestingly, Hrd1 expression in cultured polyp cells from ECRS patients, but not non-ECRS patients, was significantly increased by interleukin-1β, lipopolysaccharide and Poly(I:C) stimulation, and inhibited by dexamethasone treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Differential Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation between the ECRS and non-ECRS subsets suggests that they can exhibit distinct pathogenic mechanisms and play important roles in NP.

Molecular characterization and expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1, 2 and 3 under acute hypoxia and reoxygenation in pufferfish, Takifugu fasciatus

Dan Wang,Xin Wen,Xinyu Zhang,Yadong Hu,Xinru Li,Wenxu Zhu,Tao Wang,Shaowu Yin 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.11

Hypoxia seriously affects the innate immune system of fish. However, the roles of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), pivotal anti-inflammatory genes, in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation remain largely unexplored. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the function of SOCS genes under acute hypoxia and reoxygenation in pufferfish (Takifugu fasciatus). In the present study, SOCS1, 2 and 3 were identified in T. fasciatus referred to as TfSOCS1, 2 and 3. Then, qRTPCR and western blot analysis were employed to assess their expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels. Tissue distribution demonstrated that the three SOCS genes were predominantly distributed in gill, brain and liver. Under hypoxia challenge (1.63 ± 0.2 mg/L DO for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h), the expressions of TfSOCS1 and 3 in brain and liver at the mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased, while their expressions showed an opposite trend in gill. Different from the expressions of TfSOCS1 and 3, the expression of TfSOCS2 was inhibited in gill, along with its increased expression in brain and liver. After normoxic recovery (7.0 ± 0.3 mg/L of DO for 4 and 12 h), most of TfSOCS genes were significantly altered at R4 (reoxygenation for 4 h) and returned to the normal level at R12 (reoxygenation for 12 h). SOCS genes played vital roles in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation challenge. Our findings greatly strengthened the relation between innate immune and hypoxia stress in T. fasciatus.

The effects of cigarettes and alcohol on intestinal microbiota in healthy men

Lin Renbin,Zhang Yawen,Chen Luyi,Qi Yadong,He Jiamin,Hu Mengjia,Zhang Ying,Fan Lina,Yang Tao,Wang Lan,Si Misi,Chen Shujie 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.11

Human intestinal microbiota is affected by the exogenous microenvironment. This study aimed to determine the effects of cigarettes and alcohol on the gut microbiota of healthy men. In total, 116 healthy male subjects were enrolled and divided into four groups: non-smoking and non-drinking (Group A), smoking only (Group B), drinking only (Group C), and smoking and drinking combined (Group D). Fecal samples were collected and sequenced using 16S rRNA to analyze the microbial composition. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) levels in feces were determined by gas chromatography. We found that cigarette and alcohol consumptions can alter overall composition of gut microbiota in healthy men. The relative abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and more than 40 genera were changed with cigarette and alcohol consumptions. SCFAs decreased with smoking and alcohol consumption. Multivariate analysis indicated that when compared with group A, group B/C/D had higher Bacteroides, and lower Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminococcaceae_ UCG-002, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-003, and Ruminiclostridium_ 9 regardless of BMI and age. Additionally, the abundance of Bacteroides was positively correlated with the smoking pack-year (r = 0.207, p < 0.05), the abundance of predicted pathway of bacterial toxins (r = 0.3672, p < 0.001) and the level of carcinoembryonic antigen in host (r = 0.318, p < 0.01). Group D shared similar microbial construction with group B, but exerted differences far from group C with lower abundance of Haemophilus. These results demonstrated that cigarette and alcohol consumption separately affected the intestinal microbiota and function in healthy men; furthermore, the co-occurrence of cigarette and alcohol didn’t exacerbate the dysbiosis and cigarette played the predominated role on the alteration.

A high-resolution timescale for the Miocene Shanwang diatomaceous shale lagerstätte (China): development of Wavelet Scale Series Analysis for cyclostratigraphy

Jifeng Yu,Xinlong Pang,Wenzhao Fu,Jason Hilton,Mingmei Liang,Zongkai Jiang,Xiuli Zhao,Wenyan Qiao,Suo Shi,Diandong Zhang,Huitao Cao,Haibo Jia,Yadong Wang,Xiaoke Hu,Rui Zhang 한국지질과학협의회 2021 Geosciences Journal Vol.25 No.5

The Miocene aged Shanwang Formation from the Shanwang National Geopark in China represents a succession of lacustrine diatomaceous shales containing an abundant and diverse biota with lagerstätte fossilization of soft tissues. To date, the Shanwang Formation has not been investigated for cyclostratigraphy nor has it been dated with high precision methods. Now we use thorium data as a paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic proxy to conduct a detailed cyclostratigraphic analysis. A new and simple cyclostratigraphic method, Wavelet Scale Series Analysis (WSSA) is developed to recognize Milankovitch cycles. A total of three short eccentricity and fifteen precession cycles are identified; obliquity cycles are not apparent. In the sedimentary succession, the corresponding precession and short eccentricity cycles are 1.17 m and 4.98 m thick respectively, with this verified by Correlation Coefficient (COCO) analysis and Multitaper-Method (MTM) spectral analysis. We estimate the studied interval was deposited over a duration of 0.3 Myr with a depositional rate of c. 5.7 cm/kyr. Paleomagnetic and radio isotope dating data shows that the diatomaceous shale was deposited during Chron C5En, which places it at approximately 18.5 Ma during the Burdigalian stage of the Early Miocene, rather than in the Middle Miocene as previously thought. The Shanwang lagerstätte biota therefore predates the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum (MMCO) and did not form within it. The geological time scale with a high resolution of 20 kyr was set accordingly.