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        Interaction Between Serum/Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 and Interleukin-6 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

        Lai Yuting,Hu Li,Yang Lu,Hu Xianting,Song Xiaole,Yang Jingyi,Li Hongbin,Chen Kun,Li Huabin,Wang Dehui 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.5

        Purpose: Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) has recently emerged as a critical regulator of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined SGK1 expression and its possible pathogenic roles in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods: Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, Bio-Plex assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess protein and gene expression levels. The mRNA expression levels of SGK1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were extracted from a CRS database to perform correlation analysis. Stable cell lines with SGK1 overexpression (16HBE) and knockdown (A549) were constructed to investigate the interaction between SGK1 and IL-6 in vitro. Results: SGK1 exhibited strong cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in the epithelial layers and the lamina propria of nasal polyps (NPs) and in the mucosal tissues of CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). The mRNA and protein expression levels of SGK1 and IL-6 were significantly increased in NPs and CRSsNP tissues, compared to control tissues. SGK1 phosphorylation was significantly greater in NPs than in CRSsNP tissues (P < 0.01). The mRNA levels of SGK1 and IL-6 were significantly correlated (P < 0.001, r = 0.649). Exposure to IL-6 significantly increased SGK1 expression in cultured dispersed NP cells, 16HBE cells, and A549 cells. IL-6 expression was significantly down-regulated in SGK1-overexpressing 16HBE cells (P < 0.01) and significantly up-regulated in SGK1-knockdown A549 cells (P < 0.05). Administration of GSK650394, a SGK1 inhibitor, significantly increased IL-6 self-induced mRNA expression in cultured dispersed NP cells and 16HBE cells. Conclusions: The interaction between SGK1 and IL-6 may play an anti-inflammatory role in IL-6-induced inflammation in the pathogenesis of CRS.

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        An Improved Weight Optimization AAIM Method Aided by Barometric Altimeter

        Xiaowei Xu,Jizhou Lai,Min Liu,Zhiming Zheng,Yuting Dai,Kai Huang 한국항공우주학회 2021 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.22 No.3

        Aiming at the problem of insufficient availability in the satellite receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) method, an improved aircraft autonomous integrity monitoring (AAIM) method aided by barometric altimeter based on weight optimization is proposed under the actual configuration of the airborne navigation system. The information of satellite navigation system and barometric altimeter is used to establish the observation equation of the integrated system. The algorithm for integrity monitoring and protection-level calculation is derived based on multiple solution separation, and a weight optimization is adopted to achieve a trade-off between position accuracy and integrity, which can improve the availability of AAIM method. The simulation experiment shows that when the number of visible stars is 5, the traditional method cannot effectively detect the satellite fault, and the positioning error is 43.65 m. The improved algorithm can effectively isolate the fault and reduce the positioning error to 0.37 m. Compared with the traditional RAIM algorithm and the Baro-aided AAIM algorithm, the proposed algorithm has a lower vertical protection threshold. Therefore, the algorithm in this paper improves the performance of satellite navigation system integrity monitoring and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the satellite navigation system.

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        Differential Hrd1 Expression and B-Cell Accumulation in Eosinophilic and Non-eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

        Kun Chen,Miaomiao Han,Mengyao Tang,Yadong Xie,Yuting Lai,Xianting Hu,Jia Zhang,Jun Yang,Huabin Li 대한천식알레르기학회 2018 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.10 No.6

        Purpose: Hrd1 has recently emerged as a critical regulator of B-cells in autoimmune diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation and their possible roles in CRSwNP. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting were used to assess gene and protein expression in nasal tissue extracts. Cells isolated from nasal tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Local antibody production was measured in tissue extracts with a Bio-Plex assay. Additionally, changes in Hrd1 expression in response to specific inflammatory stimuli were measured in cultured dispersed polyp cells. Results: Nasal polyps (NPs) from patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRS) had increased levels of Hrd1, B-cells and plasma cells compared with NPs from patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-ECRS) or other control subjects (P < 0.05). The average Hrd1 levels in B-cells in NPs from ECRS patients were significantly higher than those from non-ECRS patients and control subjects (P < 0.05). NPs also contained significantly increased levels of several antibody isotypes compared with normal controls (P < 0.05). Interestingly, Hrd1 expression in cultured polyp cells from ECRS patients, but not non-ECRS patients, was significantly increased by interleukin-1β, lipopolysaccharide and Poly(I:C) stimulation, and inhibited by dexamethasone treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Differential Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation between the ECRS and non-ECRS subsets suggests that they can exhibit distinct pathogenic mechanisms and play important roles in NP.

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