MINIMUM TIME LANE CHANGING PROBLEM OF VEHICLE HANDLING INVERSE DYNAMICS CONSIDERING THE DRIVER'S INTENTION

Xinglong Zhang,Youqun Zhao,Wenxin Zhang,Fen Lin,Haiqing Li 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.1

By solving driver’s optimal handling input, this paper presents a novel Lane Changing Assistance System (LCAS) which can provide guidance for driver’s lane changing behavior. In addition, vehicle handling inverse dynamics method is proposed to solve driver’s optimal handling input. Firstly, to recognize driver’s lane changing intention and decrease the false alarm rate of LCAS, a lane changing intention recognition model is established. Secondly, the handling inverse dynamics model is established; and then the inverse dynamics problem is converted into the optimal control problem. Finally, the optimal control problem is converted into a nonlinear programming problem based on GPM; then sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is applied to get the solution. The direct collocation method (DCM) is used as the contrast verification of GPM. The simulation results show that the driver’s optimal handling input can be obtained according to driver’s lane changing intention in the proposed LCAS; and GPM has higher computational accuracy compared with DCM. This method may provide a reference for the research of LCAS and unmanned vehicles.

An experimental investigation on the normal force behavior ofmagnetorheological suspensions

XingLong Gong,ShouHu Xuan,YanLi Zhang,WanQuan Jiang 한국유변학회 2012 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.24 No.3

In this work the normal force behavior of magnetorheological suspensions are systematically investigated. Four magnetorheological suspensions with different volume fractions (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) are pre\-pared and both the static and dynamic normal forces of the samples are measured by using a commercial plate-plate magneto-rheometer under constant and sweeping magnetic field. A positive normal force will be generated when the applied magnetic field exceeds a critical value. The normal force firstly increases with the increasing of magnetic field strength and then reaches a saturation value. A magnetization model is uti\-lized to represent this mechanism. The oscillatory dynamic normal forces with time are studied and their changes with shear rates are dependent on the volume fraction. Comparisons between static and dynamic normal forces show that the differences between them are dependent on the volume fraction and magnetic filed. The temperature effect on the normal force is studied and under high magnetic field the normal force would increase slightly with the increasing of temperature.

Liver Organoids: Formation Strategies and Biomedical Applications

Zhu Xinglong,Zhang Bingqi,He Yuting,Bao Ji 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.4

The liver is the most important digestive organ in the body. Several studies have explored liver biology and diseases related to the liver. However, most of these studies have only explored liver development, mechanism of liver regeneration and pathophysiology of liver diseases mainly based on two-dimensional (2D) cell lines and animal models. Traditional 2D cell lines do not represent the complex three-dimensional tissue architecture whereas animal models are limited by inter-species differences. These shortcomings limit understanding of liver biology and diseases. Liver organoid technology is effective in elucidating structural and physiological characteristics and basic tissue-level functions of liver tissue. In this review, formation strategies and a wide range of applications in biomedicine of liver organoid are summarized. Liver organoids are derived from single type cell culture, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), adult stem cells, primary hepatocytes, and primary cholangiocytes and multi-type cells co-culture, such as iPSC-derived hepatic endoderm cells co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells. In vitro studies report that liver organoids are a promising model for regenerative medicine, organogenesis, liver regeneration, disease modelling, drug screening and personalized treatment. Liver organoids are a promising in vitro model for basic research and for development of clinical therapeutic interventions for hepatopathy.

The effects of light colour on female rabbit reproductive performance and the expression of key genes in follicular development

Xiaoqing Pan,Xinglong Wang,Le Shao,Jie Yang,Feng Qin,Jian Li,Xia Zhang,Pin Zhai 한국축산학회 2022 한국축산학회지 Vol.64 No.3

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of light colour on rabbit reproductive performance and the expression of key follicular development genes. Rabbits (n = 1,068, 5 months old, 3.6–4.4 kg live body weight) were divided randomly into four groups, housed individually in wire mesh cages and exposed to red, green, blue, and white light-emitting diode (LED) light (control). The lighting schedule was 16 L : 8 D-15 d / 150 lx / 6:00 am–22:00 pm (3 d preartificial insemination to 12 d postartificial insemination). Red light and white light affected the conception rate and kindling rate and increased the total litter size at birth (p < 0.05). The effects of red light on litter size at weaning, litter weight at weaning, and individual weight at weaning increased compared with the green and blue groups. The effects of red light on live litter size at birth were increased compared with those in the blue group (p < 0.05). Compared to white light, green and blue light reduced the number of secondary follicles (p < 0.05). Compared to red light, green and blue light reduced the number of tertiary follicles (p < 0.05). Compared with white light, red LED light resulted in greater ovarian follicle stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Compared with green and blue LED light, red LED light resulted in greater B-cell lymphom-2 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Compared with green LED light, red LED light inhibited FOXO1 mRNA expression in rabbit ovaries (p < 0.05). Red light can affect the reproductive performance of female rabbits and the expression of key genes for follicular development.

An experimental investigation on the normal force behavior of magnetorheological suspensions

Guo, Chaoyang,Gong, Xinglong,Xuan, Shouhu,Zhang, Yanli,Jiang, Wanquan 한국유변학회 2012 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.24 No.3

In this work the normal force behavior of magnetorheological suspensions are systematically investigated. Four magnetorheological suspensions with different volume fractions (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) are prepared and both the static and dynamic normal forces of the samples are measured by using a commercial plate-plate magneto-rheometer under constant and sweeping magnetic field. A positive normal force will be generated when the applied magnetic field exceeds a critical value. The normal force firstly increases with the increasing of magnetic field strength and then reaches a saturation value. A magnetization model is utilized to represent this mechanism. The oscillatory dynamic normal forces with time are studied and their changes with shear rates are dependent on the volume fraction. Comparisons between static and dynamic normal forces show that the differences between them are dependent on the volume fraction and magnetic filed. The temperature effect on the normal force is studied and under high magnetic field the normal force would increase slightly with the increasing of temperature.

MRTF-A-NF-κB/p65 axis-mediated PDL1 transcription and expression contributes to immune evasion of non-small-cell lung cancer via TGF-β

Du Fu,Qi Xin,Zhang Aotong,Sui Fanfan,Wang Xuemin,Proud Christopher G.,Lin Cunzhi,Fan Xinglong,Li Jing 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

PD-L1 is abnormally regulated in many cancers and is critical for immune escape. Fully understanding the regulation of PD-L1 expression is vital for improving the clinical efficacy of relevant anticancer agents. TGF-β plays an important role in the low reactivity of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy. However, it is not very clear whether and how TGF-β affects PD-L1 expression. In the present study, we show that TGF-β upregulates the expression of the transcriptional coactivator MRTF-A in non-small-cell lung cancer cells, which subsequently interacts with NF-κB/p65 rather than SRF to facilitate the binding of NF-κB/p65 to the PDL1 promoter, thereby activating the transcription and expression of PD-L1. This leads to the immune escape of NSCLC cells. This process is dependent on the activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. In vivo, inhibition of MRTF-A effectively suppresses the growth of lung tumor s y ngrafts with enrichment of NK and T cells in tumor tissue. Our study defines a new signaling pathway that regulates the transcription and expression of PD-L1 upon TGF-β treatment, which may have a significant impact on research into the application of immunotherapy in treating lung cancer.

A study on load-sharing structure of multi-stage planetary transmission system

Wei Sun,Xiang Liu,Jing Wei,Aiqiang Zhang,Xin Ding,Xinglong Hu 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.4

Unequal load distribution is a crucial factor in decreasing bearing capacity and stability of the planetary transmission system. In thispaper, a dynamical model of two-stage helical planetary gear transmission system is established based on lumped-parameter method andLagrange general function. Nonlinearity of gear tooth backlash and error is taken into account. Four load-sharing structures are proposedto study the load-sharing performance. A method to calculate dynamic sensitivity of load-sharing coefficient to errors is presented thatcan provide a reference to component precision determination in order to make planetary system have a better load distribution. Finally, anumerical method of load-sharing performance is validated by a test. These results provide fundamental basis for multi-stage planetarygear transmission system design.

Design and properties analysis of total internal reflection gratings for pulse compressor at 1053 nm

Qunyu Bi,Jiangjun Zheng,Ailin Guo,Meizhi Sun,Jianpeng Wang,Fuling Zhang,Qingwei Yang,Xinglong Xie,Zunqi Lin 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.1

High-efficiency compression gratings based on total internal reflection (TIR) are promising alternatives of compressor gratings because of their high diffraction efficiency, potential high damage resistant ability,and compact structure. Dependence of the 1 order diffraction efficiencies on grating parameters is analyzed for TE- and TM-polarized incident light of 1053 nm at Littrow angle, which is calculated by using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. A more intuitional view on the relation is offered through three-dimensional slicing figures instead of two-dimensional ones. The performances of high-efficiency gratings are compared and regarded as criteria for further choices, including spectral bandwidth, angle bandwidth, dispersion, and intensity distribution. For TE- and TM-irradiations, similar spectral bandwidth and angle bandwidth can be achieved by different grating parameters. However, the computer simulation result on the intensity distributions of the two polarized waves shows that such design should be used under the illumination of TE-polarized wave for lower intensity enhancement ratio,which is an important factor related to the gratings’ damage threshold.

Characterization and expression analysis of glutathione S-transferase genes from an aquatic predator Protohermes costalis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) on exposure to cadmium

Yang-Jie Zhao,Huang Xingrui,Wen Fasheng,Huang Xinglong,Liu Zhixiao,Zhang Youxiang 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional detoxification enzymes which play important roles in protecting the organisms from environmental stress and are widely used as biomarkers for environmental bio monitoring studies. In this study, We investigated the GST activity in Protohermes costalis larvae, aquatic insects mainly found in oligotrophic fresh water environments, in response to cadmium (Cd) exposure. Eight GST genes in the larvae were identified and their expression patterns under Cd stress were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The GST activity in the whole body was up-regulated by CdCl 2 in a dose-dependent manner and the midgut and malpighian tubules may be the main sites involved in GST activity regulation. The identified PcGSTs are members of cytosolic GST family containing the conserved glutathione-binding domain and substrate-binding domain. Six of them are highly enriched in malpighian tu bules, midgut or/and fat body. The expression level of PcGSTe1 was significantly up-regulated by 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM CdCl 2 treatments when compared with no Cd control. PcGSTs1 expression was significantly higher in 0.05 mM CdCl 2 and lower in 1 mM CdCl 2 compared with no Cd control. Other PcGSTs were up-regulated by different concentrations of CdCl 2 . Our results suggested that P. costalis midgut and malpighian tubules may be the main sites for GST activity regulation that induced by Cd in aqueous phase and increasing expression levels of different PcGST genes may be responsible for the GST activity up-regulation. Moreover, GST activity and gene expression in this insect may be used as biomarkers for future aquatic biomonitoring studies.