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Centralized Clustering Routing Based on Improved Sine Cosine Algorithm and Energy Balance in WSNs
Xiaoling Guo,Xinghua Sun,Ling Li,Renjie Wu,Meng Liu 한국정보처리학회 2023 Journal of information processing systems Vol.19 No.1
Centralized hierarchical routing protocols are often used to solve the problems of uneven energy consumptionand short network life in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Clustering and cluster head election have becomethe focuses of WSNs. In this paper, an energy balanced clustering routing algorithm optimized by sine cosinealgorithm (SCA) is proposed. Firstly, optimal cluster head number per round is determined according tosurviving node, and the candidate cluster head set is formed by selecting high-energy node. Secondly, a randompopulation with a certain scale is constructed to represent a group of cluster head selection scheme, and fitnessfunction is designed according to inter-cluster distance. Thirdly, the SCA algorithm is improved by usingmonotone decreasing convex function, and then a certain number of iterations are carried out to select a groupof individuals with the minimum fitness function value. From simulation experiments, the process from thefirst death node to 80% only needs about 30 rounds. This improved algorithm balances the energy consumptionamong nodes and avoids premature death of some nodes. And it greatly improves the energy utilization andextends the effective life of the whole network.
Cao, Wei,Wu, Xianjian,Jia, Gang,Zhao, Hua,Chen, Xiaoling,Wu, Caimei,Cai, Jingyi,Wang, Jing,Liu, Guangmang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.8
Objective: This study investigated whether spermine supplementation could regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, and amino acid transporter-related genes expression in the thymus and spleen of early weaned piglets. Methods: Eighty female piglets were randomly distributed to receive adequate nutrients supplemented with spermine (0.4 mmol/kg body weight/24 h) or to be provided with restricted nourishment supplemented with normal saline for 7 h or 3, 6, or 9 d in pairs. Results: Regardless of administration time, spermine supplementation significantly up-regulated cyclin A2 gene expression but down-regulated p21 and cyclin D3 mRNA levels in the thymus and spleen and reduced cyclin E2 gene expression in the thymus of piglets (p<0.05). Irrespective of the treatment period, the reduced Bax and caspase-3 gene expressions and improved Bcl-2 mRNA level were observed in the thymus and spleen of spermine-administrated piglets (p<0.05). Regardless of supplementation time, spermine intake significantly enhanced the expressions of amino acid transporter-related genes (SLC1A1, SLC1A5, SLC7A1, SLC7A7, and SLC15A1) in both thymus and spleen, as well as SLC7A9 in the spleen of piglets (p<0.05). In addition, extended spermine administration also markedly promoted cell proliferation, depressed apoptosis and modulated amino acid transport (p<0.05), and such effects were the greatest during prolonged spermine supplementation (6 d) compared to the other time periods (p<0.05). Conclusion: Spermine supplementation may regulate cell cycle during the G1/S phase, suppress apoptosis and modulate amino acid transport. A period of 6 d of spermine supplementation is required to produce the optimal effects on nutritional implications.
Zhengliang Qi,Hailin Yang,Xiaole Xia,Wu Wang,Xiao-Bin Yu 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.2
Seeking high strength vinegar fermentation byacetic acid bacteria (AAB) is still the mission of vinegarproducers. AAB alcohol respiratory chain, located onintracellular membrane, is directly responsible for vinegarfermentation. In the semi-continuous vinegar fermentationby Acetobacter pasteurianus CICIM B7003, acetificationrate showed positive correlation with the activity of theenzymes in alcohol respiratory chain. Aiming at achievinghigh strength fermentation process, a series of trials weredesigned to raise the activity of AAB alcohol respiratorychain. Finally, acetification was enhanced by adding someprecursors (ferrous ions and β-hydroxybenzoic acid) ofalcohol respiration associated factors and increasing aerationrate (0.14 vvm). As final result, average acetification ratehas been raised to 2.29 ± 0.02 g/L/h, which was 28.7%higher than the original level. Simultaneously, it was foundthat the oxidization of alcohol into acetic acid in AAB cellswas improved by well balancing of three factors: enzymeactivity in alcohol respiratory chain, precursor of ubiquinonebiosynthesis, and aeration rate.
Yanmin Zou,Zhen Zhang,Xiaoling Shao,Yao Chen,Xiangyang Wu,Liuqing Yang,Jingjing Zhu,Dongmei Zhang 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.2
A novel three-phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction was developed for the determination of malachite green (MG) in environmental waters, which selected [BMIM][PF6] mixed with 1% trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as supported phase. Several parameters (accepter phase pH, sample pH, supported phase membrane, volume of accepter phase, salinity, extraction time) that could affect extraction performance were investigated. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the established approach showed excellent characters as: high enrichment factor (212), wide linear range (0.20-100 μg L-1), low detection limit (0.01 μg L-1), good reproducibility (RSD, 8.9%, n=5) and satisfactory recovery (84.0-106.2%). The method was applied to detect MG at Yangtze River and pond waters in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, and 4 sites among 15 sampling sites were found MG with the concentration of 1.73-11.06 μg L-1, which confirmed that the proposed environmentally friendly method was simple and effective for monitoring MG in aquatic system.
The characteristic of the synonymous codon usage and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus
Xiaoming Qi,Chaojun Wei,Yonghong Li,Yu Wu,Hui Xu,Rui Guo,Yanjuan Jia,Zhenhao Li,Zhenhong Wei,Wanxia Wang,Jing Jia,Yuanting Li,Anqi Wang,Xiaoling Gao 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.7
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a crucial medical issue worldwide. The dependence of HBV replication on host cell machineries and their co-evolutionary interactions prompt the codon usage pattern of viral genes to translation selection and mutation pressure. Objective The evolutionary characteristics of HBV and the natural selection effects of the human genome on the codon usage characteristics were analyzed to provide a basis for medication development for HBV infection. Methods The codon usage pattern of sequences from different HBV genotypes of our isolates and reference HBV genome sequences downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were analyzed by computing the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), nucleotide content, codon adaptation index (CAI) and the effective number of codons (ENC). Results The highest ENC values were observed in the C genotypes, followed by the B genotypes. The ENC values indicated a weak codon usage bias (CUB) in HBV genome. The number of codons differentially used between the three genotypes was markedly higher than that of similarly used codons. High CAI values indicated a good adaptability of HBV to its host. The ENC plot indicated the occurrence of mutational pressure in the three genotypes. The mean Ka/Ks ratios in the three genotypes were lower than 1, which indicated a negative selection pressure. The CAI and GC3% plot indicated the existence of CUB in the HBV genome. Conclusions Nucleotide composition, mutation bias, negative selection and mutational pressure are key factors influencing the CUB and phylogenetic diversity in HBV genotypes. The data provided here could be useful for developing drugs for HBV infection.