Hepatic Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck(Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus(WHV)

Kyu-shik Jeong,정원일,Jae-yong Chung,Mi-young An,Chae-yong Jung,Gyoung-jae Lee,Jong-soo Kang,Byeong-cheol Kang,Young-heun Jee,Bruce H Williams,Young-oh Kwon,Da-hee Jeong 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck (Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV)Da-hee Jeong, Won-il Jeong, Jae-yong Chung, Mi-young An, Chae-yong Jung, Gyoung-jae Lee1, Jong-soo Kang1, Byeong-cheol Kang2, Young-heun Jee3, Bruce H Williams4, Young-oh Kwon5 and Kyu-shik Jeong*College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea1Shinwon Scientific Co., LTD, Research Institute, Suwon, Korea2Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea3College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea

A COUPLED -STRUCTURE WITH AN APPLICATION IN A SUBTRACTION ALGEBRA

Williams, D.R. Prince,Ahn, Sun Shin,Jun, Young Bae The Honam Mathematical Society 2014 호남수학학술지 Vol.36 No.4

In this paper, we introduce a coupled $\mathcal{N}$-structure which is the generalization of $\mathcal{N}$-structure. Using this coupled $\mathcal{N}$-structure, we have applied in a subtraction algebra and have introduced the notion of a coupled $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra, a coupled $\mathcal{N}$-ideal. Also the characterization of coupled $\mathcal{N}$-ideal is presented.

Social, Legal, and Legislative Challenges to Disaster Management

Williams, Brian World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2015 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.14 No.2

Hypersensitive site 6 of the Th2 locus control region is essential for Th2 cytokine expression

Williams, Adam,Lee, Gap Ryol,Spilianakis, Charalampos G.,Hwang, Soo Seok,Eisenbarth, Stephanie C.,Flavell, Richard A. National Academy of Sciences 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.110 No.17

<P>The T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine genes <I>Il4</I>, <I>Il5</I>, and <I>Il13</I> are contained within a 140-kb region of mouse chromosome 11 and their expression is controlled by a locus control region (LCR) embedded within this locus. The LCR is composed of a number of DNase I–hypersensitive sites (HSs), which are believed to encompass the regulatory core of the LCR. To determine the function of these sites, mutant mice were generated in which combinations of these HSs had been deleted from the endogenous LCR, and the effect on Th2 cytokine expression was assessed through the use of in vivo and in vitro models. These experiments revealed that, although all of the hypersensitive sites analyzed are important for appropriate LCR function, some sites are more important than others in regulating cytokine expression. Interestingly, each LCR mutation showed contrasting effects on cytokine expression, in some cases with mutants displaying opposing phenotypes between in vitro cultures and in vivo immunizations. These studies indicated that Rad50 hypersensitive site 6 was the singularly most important HS for Th2 cytokine expression, displaying consistent reductions in cytokine levels in all models tested. Furthermore analysis of chromatin modifications revealed that deletion of Rad50 hypersensitive site 6 impacted epigenetic modifications at the promoters of the <I>Il4</I>, <I>Il5</I>, and <I>Il13</I> genes as well as other regulatory sites within the Th2 locus.</P>

Art as Peace Education at ‘Dark’ Museums and Sites in the United Kingdom, Europe, and Southeast Asia

Williams, Christopher 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2018 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.6 No.1

Art increasingly appears at “dark” museums and related formal sites to balance the traditional exhibits of war. This article explores how art might contribute a peace education perceptive in differing countries and a globalizing context. Case studies from the United Kingdom, Europe (West and East), and Southeast Asia (Cambodia and Vietnam) are analyzed. The former deploys new technologies and supports wellknown artists who appeal to art markets. Asian curation relies more on creativity, including children’s and victim’s art. Both deploy artistic devices to symbolize the scale of atrocities and create aesthetic depth-juxtaposition, prominence, perspective, repetition, patterning, and soundscapes. The analysis provides tools and checklists to assist curation and inform artists, and concludes that critical educational processes are as important as the art.

Quantification of Capacity Fade Mechanisms in Spinel LiMn₂O₄/Graphite Lithium Ion Cell

( Williams Agyei Appiah ),박주남,변승우,유명현,이용민 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0

To quantify the capacity fade mechanism in lithium ion batteries composed of a spinel-based cathode and an artificial graphite, a comprehensive mathematical model describing the cycling performance of LiMn2O4/graphite lithium ion cell is developed in this work. The developed model is incorporated into the Newman’s Porous Composite Electrode framework (PCE) and implemented in the battery module of COMSOL Multiphysics. The proposed model is used to investigate the effects of variations in the ambient temperature and of voltage range of cycling on the capacity fade. The effect of changes in the volume fraction of cathode active material, resistance in the cell and state of charge are also studied.

Computational Analysis of the Effect of Different Electrode Design Parameters on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Ion Cells

( Williams Agyei Appiah ),박주남,변승우,유명현,이용민 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0

To meet the various application requirements of LIBs, the energy and power density of LIBs needs to be optimized for a given electrode material by controlling its porosity and thickness. Changes in electrode thickness and porosity affect the electrochemical performance of LIBs. Hence we employ a mathematical model to study and optimize the electrochemical performance of graphite/LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ cells with different cathode thicknesses and porosities. A non-linear least square method is used to provide a better understanding of the different porosities and thicknesses on Li-ion transport in both liquid and solid phases. Ragone plots are generated for the various cell designs where the specific energy and average specific power are evaluated. The cells are optimized for discharge times ranging from 10 h to 2 min in order to map the maximum performance of this chemistry under wide operating range.

Structural Basis for Assembly and Function of a Heterodimeric Plant Immune Receptor

Williams, Simon J.,Sohn, Kee Hoon,Wan, Li,Bernoux, Maud,Sarris, Panagiotis F.,Segonzac, Cecile,Ve, Thomas,Ma, Yan,Saucet, Simon B.,Ericsson, Daniel J.,Casey, Lachlan W.,Lonhienne, Thierry,Winzor, Dona American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.344 No.6181

<P><B>Universal Immune Function</B></P><P>Certain pathogen effectors are detected in plants by cytoplasmic receptors. First solving the crystal structures of <I>Arabidopsis</I> receptors, <B>Williams <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 299; see the Perspective by <B>Nishimura and Dangl</B>) discovered that in the resting state, the structures form a heterodimer that readies the complex for effector binding and keeps the signaling domains from firing too early. Once the pathogen effector binds, the structure of the complex shifts such that the signaling domains can form a homodimer to initiate downstream signaling. Similarities between these plant-pathogen receptors and Toll-like receptors in animals suggest the molecular mechanisms may translate broadly.</P>

甲狀腺機能과 Enovid

Williams, D. W.,洪性鳳 中央醫學社 1967 中央醫學 Vol.12 No.1

동아시아 구법승과 상카시야 유적

Williams Joanna G. 미술사와 시각문화학회 2005 미술사와 시각문화 Vol.4 No.-

According to Legge, Faxian wrote: Proceeding 18 yojanas southeast [from Mathurii and 7 yojemas from Kanauj, which he visited next], they found themselves in a kingdom called Sankasya, at the place where the Buddha came down, after ascending to the Trayatrimsa heaven… The bbirsuni Utpalavarna thought in her heart, "Today the kings ... will all be meeting the Buddha. I am but a woman; how shall I succeed in being the first to see him?" Buddha immediately ... changed her into the appearance of a holy cakravartin king, and she was foremost of all in doing reverence to rum. As Buddha descended from his position aloft in the Trayatrimsa heaven, when he was coming down, there were made to appear three flights of precious steps. Buddha was on the middle. composed of the seven precious substances. The king of Brahma-loka also made a flight of silver steps appear on the right side, where he attended with a white chowry in his hand, Sakra, ruler of devas, made steps of purple gold on the left, where he held an umbrella "" When he was come down, the three flights all disappeared in the ground, excepting seven steps ... Afterwards King Asoka, wishing to know where their ends rested, sent men to dig and see, They went down to the yellow springs [the water table] without reaching the bonom of the steps, and from this the king rceived an increase to his reverence"" [Asoka] built a vihara over the steps, with a standing image 16 cubits in height, right over the middle flight. Behind the pillar, he erected a stone pillar, about 50 cubits high, with a lion on the top of it. Let into the pillar, on each of its 4 sides, there is an image of the Buddha, inside and out shining and transparent, and pure as it were of lapis lazuli [which roared in a later monastic debate], Faxian also reported stupas built later where the nun Utpalavarla knelt, where the Buddha cut his hair, where three previous Buddhas sat, as well as offerings made to a white-eared dragon that continued to protect the monastic community, One gets the impression of a crowded, complex site in the early 5th century, with presumably wooden monastic buildings, Over 200 years later, Xuanzang described visiting the site of the descent from Tryatrima named now)iebita (Beal: "written formerly Sengjiashe") and located less than 200 li southeast from Kanauj (in which Beal suggests he is mistaken on the direction), His account reads: Some centuries ago the ladders still existed in their original position, but now they have sunk into the earth and have disappeared. The neighboring princes ... bujlt up of bricks and chased stones, on the ancient foundations 3 ladders resembling the old ones. They are about 70 feet high. Above them they have built a vihara in which is a stone image of Buddha, and on either side of this is a ladder of Brahma and Sma, just as they appeared. On the outside of the vihara, but close by its side, there is a stone column about 70 feet high, which was erected by Asoka-raja, It is of a purple color, and shining as if with moisture. The substance is hard and fmely grained, Above it is a lion sitting on its haunches and facing the ladder. There are carved fig-ures inlaid, of wonderful execution on the four sides of the pillar and around It Xuanzang also records other stupas commemorating Buddhas of the past and the nun Utpalavatma, now eclipsed by Subhoti who had already seen the dharmakaya in the form of the doctrine that all existing things are void of reality, Again, we get a picture of a bustling monastic community in the 7th century. And the resplendent lion pillar with Buddha images stands out in both accounts, On the basis of the name Sankasya, known from the pilgrims and from texts like the Divyavadana, as well as the general location, Cunning-ham identified the modern village Sankfsa in modern Farrukhabad district, up. with the site of the Descent, It lies some 40 km. northeast of Kanauj in the Doab, richly populated with ancient remains, The two Gupta sites Jankhat and Bilsadh took me to this area in 1974, Cunningham included the site in his reports for 1862 and 1876. In the first he recorded the presence of an ASokan capital and worship of a naga named Karewar, which he identified with Faxian's description. In 1876 hecollected objects reproduced on the right. I know these only from this abysmal image and would be delighted to hear that they survive in some museum. Cunningham suggested that #2, a fragment of a tiny soapstone disc, represented the site itself, with a seated Buddha and kneeling Utpalavarna at the top of what survived. The Archaeological Survey of India returned to this site ten years ago and excavated here for at least 2 seasons, as reported in Indian Arcbaeolo-gy, A Review for 1995-96 and 96-97, finding Painted Grey Ware, Northern Black Polished Ware, Sunga, Kushan, and Gupta pottery, pre-Kushan bricks, and terra-conas attributed to the Gupta period, The Aokan capital found here has continued to receive attention. Is this what both Faxian and Xuanzang described as a lion? Cunningham asserted that both were mistaken about the identity of the animal, It might be pointed out that the shorter pillar that stands at the site of the Parinilvana makes some confusion plausible, Xuanzang describes the pillar standing at Sarnath as "bright and shining as a mirror: its surface is glistening and smooth as ice, and on it can be constantly seen the figure of Buddha as a shadow," I. e" he ignored the form of the capital and was mesmerized by the stone's polish, It is also possible that the Buddha figures he mentions here and Sa:nkasya were in fact carved on the pillar like the Gupta pillar at Kahaum, which has four TIrthankaras at the top as well as a single one below. The elephant capital has continued to attract attention for the excep-tional swirls beneath what was long considered a lotiform bottom to the capital, John l1win took these to indicate that the "lotus" in fact originated as a piece of cloth draped over a wood