中國 都城의 發展過程

嚴文明 東亞大學校 博物館 1996 考古歷史學志 Vol.11-12 No.-

도성은 국가와 동시에 출현했다. 그러나 중국에서는 어느 시기에 와서 비로소 국가가 출현했는지에 대하여 학술계는 서로 다른 견해를 나타내고 있다. 몇 가지 흔적들은 용산시대(BC3000~BC2100)에 이미 많은 소국가 혹은 도시국가들이 출현했고 이로 인해 크고 작은 수도가 많이 생겨났다는 사실을 알려준다. 그 중에서 비교적 유명한 것이 산서도사, 호북석가하와 절강양저 등에 있다. 그것들은 성벽이 있는 것도 있고, 혹은 궁전이나 종묘부지가 있는 것도 있으며 부근에 왕묘나 대귀족의 묘지가 있는 것도 있다. 모양과 구조상에서 일정한 규격을 형성했다고 말할 수 없다. 하상주는 중국의 도성이 최초로 발전했던 중요한 시기이다. 하의 도성이 단지 한곳에만 있었던 것은 아니지만 지금까지 초보적으로 확정할 수 있는 것으로는 하남언사이리두 한 곳만이 있을 뿐인데 그곳에서 궁전과 종묘부지, 제사굴과 청동작방(작방은 황실에 물건을 공급하는 수공업 집단지를 말한다. -역주-) 등 중요한 흔적이 있어 그 소재를 짐작할 수 있다. 상의 수도는 최소한 세 곳에서 발견되었는데 바로 하남성주상성, 연사지향구상성, 안양은허이다.

대만의 지능장애와 감각장애 특수학교 교장 전형 리더십에 대한 연구

蕭金土,高文民,卓美方,王金香 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2007 再活科學硏究 Vol.25 No.1

최근 몇 년 회귀 주류와의 융합 교육 정책 하에 대만의 특수 교육 학교는 예전과 다른 큰 변화에 직면해 있다. 완전 융합 이념의 실시 또 심신장애학생을 주류교육으로 회귀해야 한다는 것을 제창함으로, 특수교육학교는 인원이 감소하게 됐다. 특수교육 학교는 신입생 모집이 부족한 상황에서 학교 교사들의 관점이 교장의 지도에 대해 보는 관점이 어떻게 다른가? 그에 대한 요구도 다른가? 본 연구는 두 인자 변의 수 분석이 대만 지능 장애와 감각 장애 종류의 특수 교육 학교 교장전형 리더십에 대한 연구이다. 실험 대상자는 8개 지능 장애종류 특수교육 학교와 5개 감각 장애종류 특수 교육 학교의 259명의 교사이고 그들이 특수교육학교 교장 리더에 대한 건의를 제출했다. In recent years, the domestic special education schools have faced with huge changes under the mainstream and inclusive education policies for the implementation of the full-inclusive and the mainstream education for the students with impairment. That causes the special education schools to reduce classes. Under this situation, what are the teachers?fdifferent views about the principal? What are their needs? The study was undertaken through two-way ANOVA to explore principals?ftransformational leadership between the schools for the mentally retarded and for the sensory impaired. 259 teachers were selected from 8 schools for the mentally retarded and 5 sensory impairment special education schools. Based upon the findings, the implications for practice were proposed.

Prodisc Artificial Disc Replacement

Wen-Ming Chen,Hui-Sung Lee,Kwon-Yong Lee,Chun-Kun Park,Sung-Jae Lee 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6

The artificial disc replacement (ADR) technique for the lumbar spine, with the “joint motion preservation” concept, aims to replicate the natural disc dynamics and load transfer through the lumbar motion segments. However, ADR designs vary greatly in their approaches to restore the normal disc function. In this study, Prodisc II, a most-widely used ADR type in Korea, was chosen. A validated three-dimensional intact osteoligamentous L2-L4 FE model was modified to simulate the ADR by Prodisc II, via anterior approach at L3-L4 level. The models were loaded with a combination of compressive preload 400N and 10Nm flexion/extension moments. The lumbar range of motion and facet loads, contact area (CAREA) and total contact forces (TCF) across the implant articulation surfaces was evaluated. We found that the flexion motions across surgical level L3-L4 and its adjacent level L2-L3 remain unchanged. In extension, at surgical level, the Prodisc model had a 91.4% increase and L2-L3 a decrease of 6.8%. The facet loads through L3-L4 increased by 33.2% in flexion and 36.3% in extension. CAREA/TCF was 41.47㎜2/723N for flexion and 11.68㎜2/324.6N for extension. The major CAREA was located posteriorly in extension and more evenly distributed in flexion. The lumbar segment mobility in flexion was retained after Prodisc replacement, but extension motion at the surgical level became more flexible and more stresses was imposed to the facet joint. The CAREA/TCF can be used as an indicator for the prediction of the wearing properties of the Prodisc in clinical service.

Analytical study on free vertical and torsional vibrations of two- and threepylon suspension bridges via d’Alembert’s principle

Wen-Ming Zhang,Zhi-wei Wang,Hao-qing Zhang,Xiao-fan Lu,Zhao Liu 국제구조공학회 2020 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.76 No.3

This study derives the differential equations of free vertical bending and torsional vibrations for two- and three-pylon suspension bridges using d'Alembert's principle. The respective algorithms for natural vibration frequency and vibration mode are established through the separation of variables. In the case of the three-pylon suspension bridge, the effect of the along-bridge bending vibration of the middle pylon on the vertical bending vibration of the entire bridge is considered. The impact of torsional vibration of the middle pylon about the vertical axis on the torsional vibration of the entire bridge is also analyzed in detail. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by two engineering examples. A comparative analysis of the results obtained via the proposed and more intricate finite element methods confirmed the former feasibility. Finally, the middle pylon stiffness effect on the vibration frequency of the three-pylon suspension bridge is discussed. It is found that the vibration frequencies of the first- and thirdorder vertical bending and torsional modes both increase with the middle pylon stiffness. However, the increase amplitudes of thirdorder bending and torsional modes are relatively small with the middle pylon stiffness increase. Moreover, the second-order bending and torsional frequencies do not change with the middle pylon stiffness.

Determination of Abamectin Residue in Paprika by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Wen Ming Xie,Kwang Yong Ko,Sung Hun Kim,Hee Ra Chang,Kyu Seung Lee 한국환경농학회 2006 한국환경농학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Rheinheimera aquatica sp. nov., Antimicrobial Activity-Producing Bacterium Isolated from Freshwater Culture Pond

( Wen Ming Chen ),( Yi Lin Chang ),( Chung Young Chiu ),( Yi Sheu Shih ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.10

A bacterial strain designated GR5T, previously isolated from a freshwater culture pond in Taiwan while screening for bacteria for antimicrobial compounds, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain GR5T was found to be Gram-negative, aerobic, greenish-yellow colored, rod-shaped, and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Growth occurred at 10-40oC (optimum, 35oC), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 8.0), and with 0-2.0% NaCl (optimum, 0.5-1.0%). The major fatty acids were C16:1ω7c (36.3%), C16:0 (16.6%), C12:0 3-OH (12.5%), and C18:1ω7c (9.1%). The major respiratory quinone was Q-8, and the DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GR5T belongs to the genus Rheinheimera, where its most closely related neighbors are Rheinheimera texasensis A62-14BT and Rheinheimera tangshanensis JA3-B52T with sequence similarities of 98.1% and 97.5%, respectively, and the sequence similarities to any other recognized species within Gammaproteobacteria are less than 96.5%. The mean level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GR5 T and R. texasensis A62-14BT, the strain most closely related to the isolate, was 26.5±7.6%. Therefore, based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain GR5T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Rheinheimera aquatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GR5T (=BCRC 80081T= LMG 25379T).

Frequency-based tension assessment of an inclined cable with complex boundary conditions using the PSO algorithm

Wen-ming Zhang,Zhi-wei Wang,Dan-dian Feng,Zhao Liu 국제구조공학회 2021 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.79 No.5

The frequency-based method is the most commonly used method for measuring cable tension. However, the calculation formulas for the conventional frequency-based method are generally based on the ideally hinged or fixed boundary conditions without a comprehensive consideration of the inclination angle, sag-extensibility, and flexural stiffness of cables, leading to a significant error in cable tension identification. This study aimed to propose a frequency-based method of cable tension identification considering the complex boundary conditions at the two ends of cables using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. First, the refined stay cable model was established considering the inclination angle, flexural stiffness, and sag-extensibility, as well as the rotational constraint stiffness and lateral support stiffness for the unknown boundaries of cables. The vibration mode equation of the stay cable model was discretized and solved using the finite difference method. Then, a multiparameter identification method based on the PSO algorithm was proposed. This method was able to identify the tension, flexural stiffness, axial stiffness, boundary rotational constraint stiffness, and boundary lateral support stiffness according to the measured multiorder frequencies in a synchronous manner. The feasibility and accuracy of this method were validated through numerical cases. Finally, the proposed approach was applied to the tension identification of the anchor span strands of a suspension bridge (Jindong Bridge) in China. The results of cable tension identification using the proposed method and the existing methods discussed in previous studies were compared with the on-site pressure ring measurement results. The comparison showed that the proposed approach had a high accuracy in cable tension identification. Moreover, the synchronous identification of the flexural stiffness, axial stiffness, boundary rotational constraint stiffness, and boundary lateral support stiffness was highly beneficial in improving the results of cable tension identification.

Cloning and Characterization of Squalene Synthase (SQS) Gene from Ganoderma Lucidum

( Ming Wen Zhao ),( Wan Qi Liang ),( Da Bing Zhang ),( Wang Nan ),( Chen Guang Wang ),( Ying Jie Pan ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2007 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.17 No.7

Self‐assembly of covalent porphyrin compound and its enhanced electrochemiluminescence performance

Wen-Kai Zhu,Wen-Rong Cai,Zhen-Zhi Yin,Ming-Jie Cheng,Kong Yong 대한화학회 2022 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.43 No.12

A novel Zn-coordination covalent porphyrin assembly (TCPP-BZA-Zn) is designed. The assembly structure is synthesized through the amidation reac- tion between the porphyrin terminal carboxyl group and the amino group of benzylamine (BZA), and further assembled through π–π stacking. In particular, the inherently ordered structure of TCPP-BZA-Zn with Zn as the catalytic active center endows the porphyrin assembly structure with several obvious advantages, such as high ion transport properties and high electrocatalytic per- formance. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide as a co-reaction reagent, TCPP-BZA-Zn/GCE showed excellent ECL behavior. The amplification phenome- non of ECL was further studied by cyclic voltammetry and the corresponding mechanism was proposed. Based on TCPP-BZA-Zn, an electrochemilumines- cence sensor was constructed for copper ion detection. The ECL intensity of the sensor shows a good linear relationship with the concentration of copper ion in the range of 10 nM–1 mM, and the detection limit is 1.3 nM.

Enhanced conversion efficiency of crystalline Si solar cells via luminescent down-shifting using Ba2SiO4 : Eu2+ phosphor

Wen Bin Hung,Juyn Ye Chen,Kien Wen Sung,Teng Ming Chen 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2014 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.15 No.3

The colloidal submicron needle-like Ba2SiO4 : Eu2+ phosphor coated on microtextured silicon surface has been used as a luminescent down-shifting (LDS) material for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. Under a simulated onesun illumination, upon phosphor coating the solar cells showed an enhancement of the short-circuit current density (Jsc) increased from 34.00 to 34.48 mA/cm2 , meanwhile the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was enhanced from 15.13% to 15.36%. The related underlying mechanism for these enhancements can be attributed to photon down-shifting and light scattering effect through the investigation of PLE spectrum, reflectance, and external quantum efficiency. Our results indicate that the colloidal submicron needle-like Ba2SiO4 : Eu2+ phosphor not only act as LDS centers in the UV region but also serve as an antireflection coating for enhancing the light absorption in the visible regime.