Metagenomics analysis of the gut microbiome in healthy and bacterial pneumonia forest musk deer

Wei Zhao,Ziwei Ren,Yan Luo,Jianguo Cheng,Jie Wang,Yin Wang,Zexiao Yang,Xueping Yao,Zhijun Zhong,Wei Yang,Xi Wu 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.1

Background The forest musk deer (FMD, Moschus berezovskii) is an threatened species in China. Bacterial pneumonia was found to seriously restrict the development of FMD captive breeding. Historical evidence has demonstrated the relationship between immune system and intestinal Lactobacillus in FMD. Objective We sought to elucidate the diferences in the gut microbiota of healthy and bacterial pneumonia FMD. Methods The bacterial pneumonia FMD was demonstrated by bacterial and pathological diagnosis, and the gut microbiome of healthy and bacterial pneumonia FMD was sequenced and analysed. Results There are three pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus equinus and Trueperella pyogenes) isolated from the bacterial pneumonia FMD individuals. Compared with the healthy group, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the pneumonia group was changed, and a high level of Proteobacteria was found in the pneumonia group. In addition, a higher abundance of Acinetobacter (p=0.01) was observed in the population of the pneumonia group compared with the healthy group. Several potentially harmful bacteria and disease-related KEGG subsystems were only found in the gut of the bacterial pneumonia group. Analysis of KEGG revealed that many genes related to type IV secretion system, type IV pilus, lipopolysaccharide export system, HTH-type transcriptional regulator/antitoxin MqsA, and ArsR family transcriptional regulator were signifcantly enriched in the metagenome of the bacterial pneumonia FMD. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the gut microbiome was signifcantly altered in the bacterial pneumonia group. Overall, our research improves the understanding of the potential role of the gut microbiota in the FMD bacterial pneumonia.

Computation and Analysis of Electric Field Distribution Under Lightning Impulse Voltage for 1000‑kV Gas‑Insulated‑Switchgear Spacer

Wei Yang,Taiyun Zhu,Yu Tian,Shenglong Zhu,Xi Yang 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.4

The electric feld distribution is critical to the insulation structure design of 1000-kV gas-insulated-switchgear (GIS) equipment. At present, it is not difcult to obtain the electric feld distribution under commercial frequency sinusoidal voltage; however, for lightning impulse voltage, the electric feld distribution is commonly substituted by electrostatic analysis under the peak voltage. As a result, this treatment may not embody the characteristics of the dielectric constant changing with frequency. In this paper, a frequency-domain mathematical model for transient analysis is established. The measured broadband frequency dielectric spectrum for the medium of a GIS spacer is well ftted by a H–N function model with three relaxation peaks. The transient analysis for a 1000-kV GIS spacer is realized by superposing the responses to the sinusoidal and direct current components of the lightning impulse waveform. The potential and electric feld regulation for a 1000-kV GIS spacer under lightning impulse voltage is presented and analyzed. Furthermore, the computed results from traditional electrostatic analysis are introduced for comparison. The results indicate that the electrostatic analysis increases the computed electric feld strength at the surface of the GIS spacer, while it decreases that at the interface between the GIS spacer and center conductor. It could provide computational support for the insulation structure design of 1000-kV GIS spacers.

Experimental study on CO2 bubble dynamics under different solution viscosity and absorbent concentration

Yang Jia-xi,Gao Dan,Qi You-wei,Zhang Heng 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.8

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by fossil energy combustion is related to the greenhouse effect. To furtherstudy the motion dynamics of CO2 bubbles in various solutions so as to better absorb them, a CO2 bubble experimentalplatform was built. The growth and motion of a single CO2 bubble were experimented in five concentrations ofNaOH, NaHCO3 solutions and five viscosity deionized waters, photographed with a high-speed camera and importedinto PyCharm for analysis. Based on this, four kinds of CO2 bubbles were experimentally studied. The results show thatthe viscosity leads to the increase of rising time; the maximum rise time is 0.518 s when the viscosity is 100 mPa·s, theaspect ratio  of CO2 bubble in solution, there will be an “L” distribution, and the minimum rise time is close to risingafter the bubble is separated from the injector. NaHCO3 inhibits the reaction between NaOH solution and CO2, resultingin the cross-section ratio  change decreasing. The concentration of NaOH solution most conducive to CO2absorption is 0.039 g/ml and 0.058 g/ml.

NF-κB Activation and PPAR Transactivational Effects of a New Aliphatic Acid Amide from Pericarps of Zanthoxylum piperitum

Yang, Seo Young,Tai, Bui Huu,Song, Seok Bean,Li, Wei,Yan, Xi Tao,Sun, Ya Nan,Nguyen, Phuong Thao,Kim, Young Ho Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.8

A new aliphatic acid amide, ZP-amide F (1), and eight known compounds, including bungeanumamide A (2), tumuramide C (3), ZP-amide A (4), ZP-amide B (5), ZP-amide D (6), hyperin (7), quercitrin (8), and (-)-sesamin (9), were isolated from pericarps of Zanthoxylum piperitum. The effects of these compounds on $TNF{\alpha}$-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and transactivational activity of PPARs, including $PPAR{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\beta}({\delta})$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ subtypes, were evaluated. Compounds 7 and 9 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on $TNF{\alpha}$-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation with $IC_{50}$ values of 5.50 and $8.10{\mu}M$, respectively. Aliphatic acid amide compounds 3, 4 and 6 displayed enhanced effects on PPAR transactivational activity with $EC_{50}$ values of 47.12, 19.13 and $12.02{\mu}M$, respectively. Among them, compound 4 demonstrated an increase in $PPAR{\alpha}$ transactivational activity, compound 3 showed a moderate increase on all PPAR subtypes, whereas compound 6 displayed weak PPAR transactivational activity.

A long-term tunnel settlement prediction model based on BO-GPBE with SHM data

Yang Ding,Yu-Jun Wei,Pei-Sen Xi,Peng-Peng Ang,Zhen Han 국제구조공학회 2024 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.33 No.1

The new metro crossing the existing metro will cause the settlement or floating of the existing structures, which will have safety problems for the operation of the existing metro and the construction of the new metro. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and predict the settlement of the existing metro caused by the construction of the new metro in real time. Considering the complexity and uncertainty of metro settlement, a Gaussian Prior Bayesian Emulator (GPBE) probability prediction model based on Bayesian optimization (BO) is proposed, that is, BO-GPBE. Firstly, the settlement monitoring data are analyzed to get the influence of the new metro on the settlement of the existing metro. Then, five different acquisition functions, that is, expected improvement (EI), expected improvement per second (EIPS), expected improvement per second plus (EIPSP), lower confidence bound (LCB), probability of improvement (PI) are selected to construct BO model, and then BO-GPBE model is established. Finally, three years settlement monitoring data were collected by structural health monitoring (SHM) system installed on Nanjing Metro Line 10 are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of BO-GPBE for forecasting the settlement.

Numerical investigation of the critical heat fl ux in a 5 × 5 rod bundle with multi-grid

Wei Liu,Zemin Shang,Shihao Yang,Lixin Yang,Zihao Tian,Yu Liu,Xi Chen,Qian Peng 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.5

To improve the heat transfer efficiency of the reactor fuel assembly, it is necessary to accurately calculatethe two-phase flow boiling characteristics and the critical heat flux (CHF) in the fuel assembly. In thispaper, a Eulerian two-fluid model combined with the extended wall boiling model was used tonumerically simulate the 5 5 fuel rod bundle with spacer grids (four sets of mixing vane grids and foursets of simple support grids without mixing vanes). We calculated and analyzed 11 experimental conditions under different pressure, inlet temperature, and mass flux. After comparing the CHF and thelocation of departure from the nucleate boiling obtained by the numerical simulation with the experimental results, we confirmed the reliability of computational fluid dynamic analysis for the prediction ofthe CHF of the rod bundle and the boiling characteristics of the two-phase flow. Subsequently, weanalyzed the influence of the spacer grid and mixing vanes on the void fraction, liquid temperature, andsecondary flow distribution. The research in this article provides theoretical support for the design of fuelassemblies

Numerical Investigation on Aero-optical Reduction for Supersonic Turbulent Mixing Layer

Xi-wan Sun,Xiao-liang Yang,Wei Liu 한국항공우주학회 2021 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.22 No.2

The tangential injection flow commingled with the mainstream could be abstracted as mixing layer, and profound importance is attached to aero-optical reduction for film-cooling target-seeking vehicles in engineering application. Leveraging the in-house code based on explicit fifth-order Weighted Compact Nonlinear Scheme and ray-tracing method, the supersonic mixing layer is numerically simulated to investigate the effect of inflow disturbance on large-scale structure growth and aero-optical reduction. The vortex growth would be stimulated somewhere when the frequency of inflow perturbation added is close to the local characteristic most unstable value. Based on such cognition, different techniques of super-harmonic and sub-harmonic disturbance are employed for effective aero-optical suppression schemes in the following research. The sub-harmonic one without phase shift shows such ability in the whole turbulent region, and additional perturbation of white noise is also promising for better control consequence.

A New Furostanol Saponin from Asparagus cochinchinensis

Yang Shen,Hai-Sheng Chen,Cong-Li Xu,Wei-Dong Xuan,Hui-Liang Li,Run-Hui Liu,Xi-Ke Xu 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.10

A new furostanol saponin, (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furost-20(22)-en-3β, 15β,26-triol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, namely, aspacochioside D (1) were isolated from Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr, along with three known saponins, aspacochioside C (2), (25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-yl-O-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and pseudoprotoneodioscin (4). The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of chemical reactions and spectral analysis (IR, GC, ESI-MS, ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, DEPT, HMBC, HMQC and NOESY). The antiproliferative effects of 1-4 were evaluated in a cytotoxicity assay against the human tumor cell line, A549. Compound 2 (Aspacochioside C) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against A-549, with an IC_50 value of 3.87 μg/mL.

Coumarins and Lignans from Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Their Anticancer Activities

Li, Wei,Sun, Ya Nan,Yan, Xi Tao,Yang, Seo Young,Kim, Eun-Ji,Kang, Hee Kyoung,Kim, Young Ho American Chemical Society 2013 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.61 No.45

<P>Zanthoxylum schinifolium is an aromatic shrub, and its pericarp and leaves are widely used in culinary applications in East Asian countries. It has also long been used in traditional Oriental medicine for treating the common cold, stomach ache, diarrhea, and jaundice. In this study, we identified two new compounds, zanthoxyloside (<B>1</B>) and schinifolisatin A (<B>13</B>), along with 23 known coumarins (<B>2</B>–<B>12</B>) and lignans (<B>14</B>–<B>25</B>), from a methanol extract of the stems of Z. schinifolium. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined by mass, 1D-, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The anticancer effects of the isolated compounds were examined in three human cancer cell lines. Compounds <B>10</B>–<B>12</B> significantly reduced the proliferation of HL-60 human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 4.62–5.12 μM. Treatment of PC-3 prostate cancer cells and SNU-C5 colorectal cancer cells with compound <B>10</B> resulted in potent antiproliferative activity, with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 4.39 and 6.26 μM, respectively. Also, compounds <B>10</B>–<B>12</B> induced the apoptosis of three cancer cells. Furthermore, the induction of apoptosis was accompanied by down-regulation of p-ERK1/2 MAPK, p-AKT, and c-myc levels, in a time-dependent manner. These data suggested that compounds <B>10</B>–<B>12</B> from Z. schinifolium have potential in cancer treatment.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2013/jafcau.2013.61.issue-45/jf403479c/production/images/medium/jf-2013-03479c_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf403479c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

NF-κB Inhibitory Activities of Glycosides and Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum schinifolium Stems

Li, Wei,Yang, Seo Young,Yan, Xi Tao,Sun, Ya Nan,Song, Seok Bean,Kang, Hee Kyoung,Kim, Young Ho Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2014 Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol. No.