췌장암에서 Cyclooxygenase - 2 발현의 역할

김은경,이용욱,이규택,최규완,박동일,백승운,이준행,이종균,고광철,이풍렬,이종철,김재준,김완선,공구 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Background/Aims: Accumulating evidence suggests that the use of NSAID may reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. The likely mechanisms of these effects by NSAID is cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-related inhibition of tumor proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The aim of our study was to examine possible roles and clinical significance of COX-2 expression in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Seventy-two pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue specimens were obtained from surgical resection. After the immunohistochemical staining of the specimens, we examined proliferation activity (assayed by Ki-67 expression), apoptosis (by TUNEL stain), and microvessel density (by CD34 expression). We also investigated the relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and various clinicopathological characteristics. Results: The COX-2 positive rate in pancreatic epithelial cells was 41.7%. Proliferation index (PI) was significant higher in COX-2 positive specimens comparing to negative specimen (p=0.015) and the increase in intensity of COX-2 expression correlated with increasing PI (p=0.036). Apoptotic index (AI) was significantly higher in positivee COX-2 expression than in negative expression (p=0.044), but there was no significant difference in AI/PI between the COX-2 positive and negative specimens (p=0.44). The expression of COX-2 protein did not correlate with microvessel density, sex, age, differentiation, tumor size, stage, metastasis or patients survival. Conclusions: The expression of COX-2 enzyme in pancreatic cancer contributes to tumor proliferation, but is not related to apoptosis, angiogenesis or clinical characteristics. Further study is needed to examine the clinical usefulness of NSAID and COX-2 selective inhibitors.

A Slope One and Clustering based Collaborative Filtering Algorithm

An Gong,Yun Gao,Zhen Gao,Wenjuan Gong,Huayu Li,Hongfu Gao 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.4

Effects of PASS Theory on Aged Chinese EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Ability

Yipu Gong(Yipu Gong),Jongbok Lee(Jongbok Lee) 한국영어어문교육학회 2023 영어어문교육 Vol.29 No.1

This study investigates the English learning conditions of aged Chinese EFL learners including their reading comprehension ability through a cognitive approach-PASS theory. A quantitative-dominated research method is adopted in the study. After a 15- week semester, a significant distinction in both posttest (reading comprehension score, t = 3.39, p = .000) and retention test (reading comprehension scores, t = 4.62, p = .000) indicates that the cognitive teaching approach through PASS model outperforms the traditional teaching approach. As another independent variable, the quantity of Chinese characters used in English learning only sees a significant difference for the population according to reading comprehension scores in the posttest results (posttest, F = 4.56, p = .038 & retention test, F = 1.04, p =. 312). Besides, during the retention test, the Chinese characters quantity factor showed significant effect only on the experiment group’s English reading comprehension results. Through this study, an effective cognitive pedagogy for EFL aged learners has been claimed to public. Admittedly, there is still limitation. The investigation of corresponding details of the dynamic changes of the aged EFL learners’ cognitive process is insufficient. This limitation can be lifted up in future studies and transformed into further academic extension as well.

Sensitivity of surface characteristics on the simulation of wind-blown-dust source in North America

Park, S.H.,Gong, S.L.,Gong, W.,Makar, P.A.,Moran, M.D.,Stroud, C.A.,Zhang, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2009 Atmospheric environment Vol.43 No.19

Recently, a wind-blown-dust-emission module has been built based on a state-of-the-art wind erosion theory and evaluated in a regional air-quality model to simulate a North American dust storm episode in April 2001 (see Park, S.H., Gong, S.L., Zhao, T.L., Vet, R.J., Bouchet, V.S., Gong, W., Makar, P.A., Moran, M.D., Stroud, C., Zhang, J. 2007. Simulation of entrainment and transport of dust particles within North America in April 2001 (''Red Dust episode''). J. Geophys. Res. 112, D20209, doi:10.1029/2007JD008443). A satisfactorily detailed assessment of that module, however, was not possible because of a lack of information on some module inputs, especially soil moisture content. In this paper, the wind-blown-dust emission was evaluated for two additional dust storms using improved soil moisture inputs. The surface characteristics of the wind-blown-dust source areas in southwestern North America were also investigated, focusing on their implications for wind-blown-dust emissions. The improved soil moisture inputs enabled the sensitivity of other important surface characteristics, the soil grain size distribution and the land-cover, to dust emission to be investigated with more confidence. Simulations of the two 2003 dust storm episodes suggested that wind-blown-dust emissions from the desert areas in southwestern North America are dominated by emissions from dry playas covered with accumulated alluvial deposits whose particle size is much smaller than usual desert sands. As well, the source areas in the northwestern Texas region were indicated to be not desert but rather agricultural lands that were ''activated'' as a wind-blown-dust sources after harvest. This finding calls for revisions to the current wind-blown-dust-emission module, in which ''desert'' is designated to be the only land-cover category that can emit wind-blown dust.

Design of waterfront landscape public space

Gong Jiawen 한국콘텐츠학회 2022 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2022 No.12

The Powder Preparation of Blue Cobalt Aluminate at 210C Using the Malonate Method

Gong Yeol Lee,Dong Hoon Lee,김홍건,Yoo Young Kim 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.1

A powder, containing 80 percent of blue cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4) crystallites, was synthesized at 210 oC using a (metal nitrate-malonic acid-ammonium hydroxide-ammonium nitrate) system. The optimal amount of concentrated ammonia water and initial decomposition temperature were determined for the blue CoAl2O4 crystallites preparation. Three CoAl2O4 precursor pastes, corresponding to the various amounts of concentrated ammonia water, were prepared by evaporating the initial solutions in an electric furnace fixed at 80 oC under a vacuum of 25 torr. The initial solution was used to dissolve the starting materials. The powder with the maximum content (80%) of blue CoAl2O4 crystallites was prepared when the prepared precursor was decomposed at 210 oC. The blue CoAl2O4 crystallite content in the prepared sample decreased with increasing initial decomposition temperature. For 0.2 mole of the Al3+ ion, the chemical compositions of the precursor corresponded to molar ratios of 0.4, 1.40, 2.56 and 2.00 for the Co2+ ion, malonic acid, ammonia and ammonium nitrate per mole of the Al3+ ion, respectively. The blue CoAl2O4 crystallite content in the sample decreased with the amount of ammonia deviated from the optimal value. The characteristics of the powders were examined using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique.

Anomic Social Environment & Youth CRIME Induced by Social Media in KOREA

Gong Bae-wan J-INSTITUTE 2016 Public Value Vol.1 No.1

There has been diverse changes in the age of first criminal offense and both types and patterns of crimes amid the changes in social structure. In relation to that, this study was intended to provide explanation from the standpoint of anomie theory postulated by Emile Durkheim. Anomie refers to a state in which there is an absence of dual standards or norms. In other words, dual standards or absence of norms arise from failure to establish new norms in the midst of weakening influence of previously prevailing norms, thereby causing a confusion reverberating throughout the society. Particularly, the spread and use of SNS, spurred by advancement of ICT(Information and Communication Technology), are weakening social norms, and furthermore, online norms are still remained in unchartered territory. Amid such confusion over norms, juvenile delinquency has been increasing. Social media is characterized by far-reaching dissemination, openness, accessibility, relationship, and diversity of contents. This kind of social media, which grows like an organism, is not subject to ordinary mechanism for consumption and production. Rather, social media is characterized by two-way communication allowing users to participate spontaneously, share information, and create contents in the process. In particular, social network service(SNS) has the characteristics of media influencing the mode of thinking and behavior of users. Thus, cyber space improves solidarity, bond, and mutual understanding which bring down the wall of race, ethnicity, gender, and transforms the structure of consciousness, viewpoint, and lifestyles of people based on formation of shared values, and tear down traditional social structure. Social media has far-reaching ripple effect and influence as it is a service enabling simultaneous interchange and communication with many unspecific people without any constraint on time and space. Especially, social media functions as a stepping stone to recognize the peer group norms while the recognized norms serve as barometer of social value and efficiency. Therefore, social media is likely to open the path to juvenile delinquency. Friends in cyber space on social media platform have some extent of mutual psychological relevance and tend to share many things over specific matters. This share ability may lead to norm recognition among peer groups, and the recognized norms will function as universal norms in society. As social media is triggering this anomic social environment and strengthening online interpersonal relationship, creating a social network structure separately from offline relationship through solidarity reinforced via SNS. Social media has been widely accepted as a tool for communication, information gathering/exchange, and contact among adolescents, which eventually increases the chances of contact resulting in juvenile delinquency. In Korea, however, institutional regulations or policies have not been clearly laid out in Korea despite some research findings that social media has direct or indirect influence on youth crimes or realistic issues swirling over adolescent criminal offenses. This reality suggests that social media has been used as hotbed of crime and that cyberspace is likely to see an upswing in number of youth crimes for the upcoming period.

Effective Liquid-phase Nitration of Benzene Catalyzed by a Stable Solid Acid Catalyst: Silica Supported Cs_2.5H_0.5PMo₁₂O₄₀

Gong, Shu-Wen,Liu, Li-Jun,Zhang, Qian,Wang, Liang-Yin Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.4

Silica supported $Cs_{2.5}H_{0.5}PMo_{12}O_{40}$ catalyst was prepared through sol-gel method with ethyl silicate-40 as silicon resource and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and potentiometric titration methods. The $Cs_{2.5}H_{0.5}PMo_{12}O_{40}$ particles with Keggin-type structure well dispersed on the surface of silica, and the catalyst exhibited high surface area and acidity. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for benzene liquid-phase nitration was examined with 65% nitric acid as nitrating agent, and the effects of various parameters were tested, which including temperature, time and amount of catalyst, reactants ratio, especially the recycle of catalyst was emphasized. Benzene was effectively nitrated to mononitro-benzene with high conversion (95%) in optimized conditions. Most importantly, the supported catalyst was proved has excellent stability in the nitration progress, and there were no any other organic solvent and sulfuric acid were used in the reaction system, so the liquid-phase nitration of benzene that we developed was an eco-friendly and attractive alternative for the commercial technology.

LT, Others : PO-35 ; Capsaicin suppresses the migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells by downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via AMPK activation

( Gong Rak Lee ),( Sung Woo Park ),( Chang Jae Kim ),( In Seob Han ),( Neung Hwa Park ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most difficult malignancies for cure. An important prognostic factor for cholangiocarcinoma is metastasis, which precludes curative surgical resection. The development of metastasis requires the movement and invasion of cancer cells from the primary tumor into the surrounding tissue. Recent evidence indicates that capsaicin has depression effects on cancer cell migration and invasion. Thus, we investigated the molecular mechanism of capsaicin-induced anti-migration and anti-invasion effects in HuCCT1 cells. Methods: The invasion, migration and gelatin zymography assay were performed to identify the effect of capsaicin on HuCCT1 cells. We further employed immunoprecipitation, immunoblot and RT-qPCR analysis to study its molecular mechanisms of action. Results: The treatment of capsaicin significantly suppressed tumor migration and invasion. We further found that capsaicin reduced the PMA-induced expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 but did not alter TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in mRNA and protein. Interestingly, capsaicin elevated the accumulation of NAD+ by AMPK activation in intracellular and enhanced SIRT1 protein levels in nucleus. In addition, capsaicin inhibited NF-κB activity by the deacetylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κ B through SIRT1 activation. Conclusion: These results suggest that capsaicin suppressed PMA-induced up-regulation of MMP9 by inhibition of the MMP9 transcription factor NF-kB through AMPK-NAD+-SIRT1 signaling cascade, and contributes to cholangiocarcinoma cell metastasis.

Excluding Participants With Mycobacteria Infections From Clinical Trials: A Critical Consideration in Evaluating the Efficacy of BCG Against COVID-19

Gong Wenping,Du Jingli 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.42

In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Bacillus CalmetteGuérin (BCG), a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, has been investigated for its potential to prevent COVID-19 with conflicting outcomes. Currently, over 50 clinical trials have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of BCG in preventing COVID-19, but the results have shown considerable variations. After scrutinizing the data, it was discovered that some trials had enrolled individuals with active TB, latent TB infection, or a history of TB. This finding raises concerns about the reliability and validity of the trial outcomes. In this study, we explore the potential consequences of including these participants in clinical trials, including impaired host immunity, immune exhaustion, and the potential masking of the BCG vaccine’s protective efficacy against COVID-19 by persistent mycobacterial infections. We also put forth several suggestions for future clinical trials. Our study underscores the criticality of excluding individuals with active or latent TB from clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of BCG in preventing COVID-19.