Drug resistance and the genotypic characteristics of rpoB and katG in rifampicin- and/or isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in central Vietnam

Thi Binh Nguyen Nguyen,Thi Kieu Diem Nguyen,Van Hue Trương,Thi Tuyet Ngoc Tran,van Bao Thang Phan,Thi Tuyen Nguyen,Hoang Bach Nguyen,Viet Quynh Tram Ngo,Van Tuan Mai,Paola Molicotti 질병관리본부 2023 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.14 No.5

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) are national health burdens in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of rifampicin (RIF) and/or isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) resistance in patients with suspected TB, and applied appropriate techniques to help rapidly target DR-TB. Methods: In total, 1,547 clinical specimens were collected and cultured using the BACTEC MGIT system (Becton Dickinson and Co.). A resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) was used to determine the proportions of RIF and/or INH resistance. A real-time polymerase chain reaction panel with TaqMan probes was employed to identify the mutations of rpoB and katG associated with DR-TB in clinical isolates. Genotyping of the identified mutations was also performed. Results: A total of 468 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were identified using the REMA. Of these isolates, 106 (22.6%) were found to be resistant to 1 or both antibiotics. Of the resistant isolates, 74 isolates (69.8%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only, while 1 isolate (0.94%) was resistant to RIF only. Notably, 31 isolates (29.24%) were resistant to both antibiotics. Of the 41 phenotypically INH-resistant isolates, 19 (46.3%) had the Ser315Thr mutation. There were 8 different rpoB mutations in 22 (68.8%) of the RIF-resistant isolates. The most frequently detected mutations were at codons 531 (37.5%), 526 (18.8%), and 516 (6.3%). Conclusion: To help prevent new cases of DR-TB in Vietnam, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the genotypic DR-TB isolates.

Phylogenomic analysis and a systematic view of ABC transporter family in rice

Nguyen Ngoc Tuyet Van,Sun-Ok Moon,Ki-Hong Jung 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins comprise a large superfamily and play as key in the physiology and development of plants but it is highly likely that more functions for members of this interesting family are still in dark. Thus systematic analysis for this family will be helpful to design effective experimental plans for functional analysis of each of ABC family in rice. To do this, we performed phylogenomic analysis of integrating anatomy and stress meta-profiling data based on a large collection of rice affymetrix array data which provide useful clues to study functions of ABC transporter family in rice in term of anatomy and stress response. Then, we processed Significance analysis for Microarray to identify ABC transporters involved in water stress such as drought and salt. Subsequently, we identified 23 genes showing significant upregulation or downregulation by both drought and salt. Finally, we developed the interaction network mediated by six of them and then integrated diverse data such as co-expression patterns, putative functions and sub-cellular localization to the network and the network was further refined based on coexpression patterns in response to drought and salt stresses. Our analysis will provide molecular basis to study diverse biological phenomena mediated by ABC family in rice, a major model crop plant.

Phylogenomic analysis and a systematic view of MLO family in rice

Van Ngoc Tuyet Nguyen,Ki-Hong Jung 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

MLO is a unique gene family which is identified in plant and carries out abiotic and biotic stress responses in various plants. The understanding on the roles and functional diversity of this family is quite limited in rice, a model crop plant. Rice genome has 12 potential MLO family members. To do systematic functional assignment of MLO family in rice, we performed phylogenomic analysis of integrating meta-expression data based on public sources of microarray data or RT-PCR data into the phylogenic tree. As a result, we identified 12 MLO genes carrying various tissue-preferred expression patterns such as leaf, root, pollen, and ubiquitous expression, suggesting functional diversity in terms of anatomy or development. RT-PCR analysis confirmed, integrated transcriptome data were used to estimate the functional redundancy or specificity among MLO family: MLO12 showed mature pollen preferred expression; MLO4, root tip; MLO10, overall root except root tip; MLO8, leaf; MLO2 and MLO9 showed redundant expression in overall tissues except root. Also, abiotic stress meta-expression data and RT-PCR performance suggested the functional association of 5 MLO and 6 MLO genes with heat and cold stress, respectively. Our analysis will provide basic information to study diverse developmental or physiological phenomena mediated by MLO family in rice, a major model crop plant.

Genome-wide transcriptome comparison of flag leaves among japonica and indica varieties

Van Ngoc Tuyet Nguyen,문선옥,고현정,Quynh Nga Nguyen,윤보선,김백기,고희종,정기홍 한국식물학회 2015 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.58 No.5

Flag leaves in crops are one of the key organs determining grain yield, which significantly affects total yield. However, our understanding of the molecular and genetic regulation of flag leaves is very limited. To provide a genome-wide view of gene expression in flag leaves associated with grain yield, we compared the flag leaves of rice varieties with different yield potentials, such as Hwacheong (moderate yield), Milyang23 (high yield), Dasan (high yield), and IR64 (high yield), using an Agilent 8x60K microarray. As a result, we identified 245 genes that were up-regulated in high yield potential varieties compared to Hwacheong, along with 293 genes that were up-regulated in Hwacheong. GO enrichment analysis of the selected candidate genes revealed that the thiamin biosynthetic process and the sucrose metabolic process were the most enriched terms in flag leaves from the high yield potential varieties, while phosphate transport and the chitin catabolic process terms were the most significant in flag leaves of Hwacheong. In addition, MapMan analysis suggested that the biotic stress response and auxin signaling are important in Hwacheong, while the heat stress response, calcium and G-protein signaling are necessary in other high yield potential varieties. The functions of 11 of our candidate genes have been previously characterized in genetic and molecular biological studies and most of them are related to tolerance against environmental challenges or yield, thereby indicating the potential significance of our candidate genes in further applications.

Identification of a module of HAP transcription factors for seed development in rice

Van Ngoc Tuyet Nguyen,고윤실,Gynheung An,전종성,정기홍 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.4

Heme activator protein (HAP) is a CCAAT box-binding factor family conserved in all higher eukaryotes. HAP transcription factors (TFs) consist of three subunits: HAP2, HAP3, and HAP5. Using recent rice genome information, we identified 11 HAP2 genes, 11 HAP3 genes, and 12 HAP5 genes. A HAP2 and five HAP5 genes were acknowledged more in this study than in the previous studies. Due to the functional association of HAP subunits, we carried out clustering analysis for expression patterns of all HAP members using anatomical meta-expression data of 983 rice Affymetrix arrays collected from the public database. Subsequently, we identified HAP members with endosperm and seed-preferred expression and focused on nine HAP family members associated with this expression pattern. We confirmed their expression patterns by RT-PCR analyses. The nine members were OsHAP2G, OsHAP2I, OsHAP3D, OsHAP3K, and five HAP5 genes (LOC_Os05g23910, LOC_Os10g11580, LOC_Os01g24460, LOC_Os01g01290, and LOC_Os01g39850). Promoter analyses using GUS activity again demonstrated that OsHAP3K is preferentially expressed in the aleurone layer of the seed and the LOC_Os05g23910 gene-encoding HAP5 showed endosperm-preferred expression. Network analysis using RiceNet suggests a functional gene network mediated by four rice HAP genes, further helping in the prediction of the biological function of OsHAP2G and OsHAP5 (LOC_Os10g11580). Our data provide new insight into HAP family-mediated regulatory pathways for endosperm or seed development in rice.

Tobacco Control Policies in Vietnam: Review on MPOWER Implementation Progress and Challenges

Hoang, Van Minh,Tran, Thu Ngan,Vu, Quynh Mai,Nguyen, Thi Tuyet My,Le, Hong Chung,Vu, Duy Kien,Tran, Tuan Anh,Nguyen, Bao Ngoc,Vu, Van Giap,Nguyen, Manh Cuong,Pham, Duc Manh,Kim, Bao Giang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

In Vietnam, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took effect in March 2005 while MPOWER has been implemented since 2008. This paper describes the progress and challenges of implementation of the MPOWER package in Vietnam. We can report that, in term of monitoring, Vietnam is very active in the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, completing two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and three rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). To protect people from tobacco smoke, Vietnam has issued and enforced a law requiring comprehensive smoking bans at workplaces and public places since 2013. Tobacco advertising and promotion are also prohibited with the exception of points of sale displays of tobacco products. Violations come in the form of promotion girls, corporate social responsibility activities from tobacco manufacturers and packages displayed by retail vendors. Vietnam is one of the 77 countries that require pictorial health warnings to be printed on cigarette packages to warn about the danger of tobacco and the warnings have been implemented effectively. Cigarette tax is 70% of factory price which is equal to less than 45% of retail price and much lower than the recommendation of WHO. However, Vietnam is one of the very few countries that require manufacturers and importers to make "compulsory contributions" at 1-2% of the factory price of cigarettes sold in Vietnam for the establishment of a Tobacco Control Fund (TCF). The TCF is being operated well. In 2015, 67 units of 63 provinces/cities, 22 ministries and political-social organizations and 6 hospitals received funding from TCF to implement a wide range of tobacco control activities. Cessation services have been starting with a a toll-free quit-line but need to be further strengthened. In conclusion, Vietnam has constantly put efforts into the tobacco control field with high commitment from the government, scientists and activists. Though several remarkable achievements have been gained, many challenges remain. To overcome those challenges, implementation strategies that take into account the contextual factors and social determinants of tobacco use in Vietnam are needed.

Effect of Plating Parameter on Current Efficiency in Trichromium with Oxalate as Complex

Ngo Thi Anh Tuyet,Nguyen Ngoc Phong,Nguyen Viet Hue,Pham Thy San,Nguyen Quang Tri,Nguyen Van Phuong 한국표면공학회 2009 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2009 No.10

Determination of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Enantiomeric Impurity Using Immobilized Polysaccharide-derived Chiral Stationary Phase

Bao-Tan Nguyen,Thi-Anh-Tuyet Le,Xuan-Lan Mai,Ngoc Van Thi Nguyen,Thanh Dung Phan,Jong-Seong Kang,Kyeong Ho Kim 한국분석과학회 2020 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.11

Determination of nadolol enantiomers in human plasma using a coupled achiral-chiral high-performance liquid chromatography method

Lee, Seung-Beom,Pham, Thuy-Vy,Mai, Xuan-Lan,Le, Thi-Anh-Tuyet,Nguyen, Thi-Ngoc-Van,Kang, Jong-Seong,Mar, Woongchon,Kim, Kyeong Ho The Korean Society of Analytical Science 2020 분석과학 Vol.33 No.2

Nadolol is a β-blocker drug, which effectively manages hypertension and angina pectoris. Its chemical structure allows the formation of four possible stereoisomers. A coupled column high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system with UV and fluorescence detection was investigated for simultaneously determining four nadolol enantiomers in human plasma. The plasma samples were prepared using a convenient liquid-liquid extraction process and passed through HPLC. Nadolol was initially separated from the endogenous compounds or other impurities in human plasma on a Phenomenex silica column, and its enantiomers were resolved and determined on a Chirapak AD-H column. The developed HPLC method achieved an effective chiral separation and significantly eliminated endogenous compound interference. This optimal HPLC method was validated following FDA guidelines. The results showed good selectivity, linearity, accuracy (90.50 % - 105.27 %), and precision (RSDs < 9.52 %) for each enantiomer. This method was also successfully applied to determine nadolol enantiomers in the plasma samples of a healthy male volunteer (after orally administering 80 mg racemic nadolol), proving its suitability for nadolol stereoselective pharmacokinetic studies.

A Dilute-and-Shoot LC-MS/MS Method for Screening of 43 Cardiovascular Drugs in Human Urine

( Thuy-vy Pham ),( Gunhee Lee ),( Xuan-lan Mai ),( Thi-anh-tuyet Le ),( Thi Ngoc Van Nguyen ),( Jongki Hong ),( Kyeong Ho Kim ) 한국질량분석학회 2021 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.12 No.1

A simple, specific, and economical LC-MS/MS method was investigated for the screening of 43 prescribed antihypertensive and related drugs in human urine. The urine samples were simply prepared by diluting and mixing with internal standard before directly introduced to the LC-MS/MS system, which is fast, straightforward, and cost-effective. Fractional factorial, Box-Behnken, and I-optimal design were applied to screen and optimize the mass spectrometric and chromatographic factors. The analysis was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer system utilizing multiple reaction monitoring with positive and negative electrospray ionization method. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Scientific Accucore RP-MS column (50 × 3.0 mm ID., 2.6 μm) using two separate gradient elution programs established with the same mobile phases. Chromatographic separation was performed within 12 min. The optimal method was validated based on FDA guideline. The results indicated that the assay was specific, reproducible, and sensitive with the limit of detection from 0.1 to 50.0 μg/L. The method was linear for all analytes with coefficient of determination ranging from 0.9870 to 0.9981. The intra-assay precision was from 1.44 to 19.87% and the inter-assay precision was between 2.69 and 18.54% with the recovery rate ranges from 84.54 to 119.78% for all drugs measured. All analytes in urine samples were stable for 24 h at 25℃, and for 2 weeks at -60℃. The developed method improves on currently existing methods by including larger number of cardiovascular medications and better sensitivity of 12 analytes.