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Ishtiaq, Sheeba,Hassan, Usman,Mushtaq, Sajid,Akhtar, Noreen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6
Background: The presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be identified by immunohistochemistry for detection of EBV latent membrane protein (LMP). The role of EBV as an etiologic agent in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been supported by detection of high levels of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) expression in tumors. However, no study has been conducted in a Pakistani population up till now to determine the frequency of Epstein-Barr virus positivity. The objective of our study was to determine a value for non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients using EBV LMP-1 immunostaining in our institution. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Pakistan from December 2011 to December 2012. It was a cross sectional study. A total of 71 patients who were diagnosed with various subtypes of NHL after histological and EBV LMP-1 immunohistochemical evaluation were studied. Sampling technique was non-probability purposive. Statistical analysis was achieved using SPSS version 17.0. Mean and SD were calculated for quantitative variables like patient age. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like subgroup of NHL, results outcome of IHC for EBV and gender distribution. Results: Mean age of the patients was $53.6{\pm}16$ years (Mean${\pm}$SD). A total of 50 (70.4%) were male and 21 (29.6%) were female. Some 9 (12.7%) out of 71 cases were positive for EBV-LMP-1 immunostaining, 2 (22.2%) follicular lymphoma cases, 1 (11.1%) case of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, 4 (44.4%) cases of diffuse large B cell lymphomas, 1 (11.1%) mantle cell lymphoma and 1 (11.1%) angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma case. Conclusion: In our study, frequency of EBV in NHL is 12.7% and is mostly seen in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. This requires further evaluation to find out whether this positivity is due to co-infection or has a role in pathogenesis.
Khokher, Samina,Qureshi, Muhammad Usman,Riaz, Masooma,Akhtar, Naseem,Saleem, Afaf Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer of women worldwide, with considerable geographic and racial/ethnic variation. Data are generally derived from population based cancer registries in the developed countries but hospital data are the most reliable source in the developing countries. Ten years data from 1st Jan 2000 to 31st Dec 2009 of a cancer hospital in Pakistan were here analyzed by descriptive statistics to evaluate the clinicopathologic profile of local breast cancer patients. Among 28,740 cancer patients, 6,718 were registered as breast cancer. The female to male ratio was 100:2. Breast cancer accounted for 23% of all and 41% of female cancers. Some 46% were residents of Lahore, with a mean age of $47{\pm}12$ years. Less than 1% were at Stage 0 and 10%, 32%, 35% and 23% were at Stage I, II, III and IV respectively. Histopathology was unknown in 4% while 91%, 2% and 1% had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and mucinous carcinoma respectively. Rare carcinomas accounted for the rest. Tumor grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11%, 55% and 34% among the known. Profile of breast cancer patients in Pakistan follows a pattern similar to that of other developing countries with earlier peak age and advanced disease stage at presentation. The male breast cancer accounts for higher proportion in the local population. Local women have higher frequency of IDC and lower frequency of ILC and DCIS, owing probably to a different risk profile. Use of hospital information systems and establishment of population based cancer registry is required to have accurate and detailed local data. Promotion of breast health awareness and better health care system is required to decrease the burden of advanced disease.
Hussain, Mudassar,Waqas, Omer,Hassan, Usman,Loya, Asif,Akhtar, Noreen,Mushtaq, Sajid,Yusuf, Muhammad Aasim,Syed, Aamir Ali Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.5
Background: There is growing evidence that there are differences in histological and genetic characteristics along with clinical behavior between right- and left-sided colon carcinomas. We have compared various parameters of the two types and assessed associations of the results with prognosis in patients in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 200 cases from our institutional database; 100 cases of right-sided and 100 cases of left-sided colon cancer. Parameters including age, gender, TNM stage, histological features and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results: The patients with right-sided colon cancer were significantly older as compared to their counterparts with left-sided cancer. They presented with a lumbar mass rather than symptoms of obstruction and perforation as seen in left-sided colon cancers, and the histology showed higher percentage of poorly differentiated tumors with advanced pT stage. Moreover, Crohn's-like reactions, intra tumoral lymphocyte responses and other poor prognostic factors like lymph vascular invasion and perineural invasion were more common in right-sided cancers. Conclusions: We found that right- and left-sided colon cancers are different from each other in terms of clinical presentation, histology and clinical behavior. Right-sided colon cancers are more aggressive and are associated with poorer clinical outcome as compared to left sided colon cancers in our population.
Kashif Nauman,Muhammad Hayat Jaspal,Bilal Asghar,Adeel Manzoor,Kumayl Hassan Akhtar,Usman Ali,Sher Ali,Jamal Nasir,Muhammad Sohaib,Iftikhar Hussain Badar 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.1
This trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of overwrap, vacuum, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on poultry breast fillets' microbiological, biochemical shelf life and sensory attributes. The fillets were divided into 4 groups, and each of the treatments was replicated 3 times with 60 breast fillets. The first group was a control group with overwrap packaging; the second group was vacuum packed (VP); the third and fourth groups were MAP-1: 0% O2, 40% CO2, 60% N2, and MAP-2: 20% O2, 40% CO2, 40% N2. The microbiological and biochemical analyses were performed for the total viable count, coliform count, Pseudomonas count, Salmonella count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, cooking loss, color, lipid oxidation, tenderness, and sensory analysis. The data were analysed through two-way ANOVA by Minitab (Minitab 17.3.1). Meat treated with understudy MAP compositions and vacuum packaging reduced total viable count, Pseudomonas count, and total coliform count than control (p<0.05). TVB-N remained below the recommended limit throughout storage except aerobic packaging (p<0.05). Cooking loss (%) was lowered and showed non-significant results (p>0.05) between vacuum packaging and both MAP concentrations. The meat stored in MAP-2 was characterised by higher (p<0.05) visual scores. Whilst MAP-1 showed higher (p<0.05) L* values and overall acceptability. Sample packaged under aerobic packaging showed significant (p<0.05) results for b* and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Meat stored in aerobic packaging showed higher (p<0.05) shear force values. The outcome of this trial may help to promote the application of understudy MAP compositions and rapid detection of microbes by biochemical analysis under local conditions.
지능형 의료플랫폼 (Intelligent Medical Platform: IMP)
Musarrat Hussain,Taqdir Ali,Jamil Hussain,Fahad Ahmed Satti,Usman Akhtar,방재훈,허태호,강선무,강병호,이승룡 한국통신학회 2020 정보와 통신 Vol.37 No.9
임상의사결정지원시스템 (Clinical Decision Support Systems: CDSS)은 일반적으로 지식기반(Knowledge Based: KB) CDSS와 Non-KB CDSS로 구분된다. KB CDSS는 의료전문가들의 경험을 기반으로 주로 룰 형태의 지식베이스를 구축하여 작동되며, Non-KB CDSS는 다양한 의료 빅데이터에 인공지능 기술을 활용하여 직관, 분석, 판단 및 지식을 제공한다. 본고에서는 KB CDSS와 Non-KB CDSS의 특성을 결합한 Hybrid CDSS 형태의 Intelligent Medical Platform (IMP)과 그 응용 서비스인 Silo를 소개한다. Silo란 IMP가 제공하는 특정 질환에 대한 지능형 의료 추천 서비스를 일컫는다. CDSS의 핵심은 신뢰도 있는 고품질의 지식베이스 구축 및 관리인데, 전문가 지식에 기반하는 기존의 KB CDSS의 지식베이스 구축은 지식공학자에 의존적이며 지식이 증가하는 경우 유지보수가 어렵다. 반면, 다양한 의료 빅 데이터로부터 주로 딥러닝을 사용하여 지식을 획득하는 Non-KB CDSS는 의사결정과정을 알 수 없어 투명성 부족으로 사용이 제한적이다. 따라서, 양쪽의 장점을 결합한 하이브리드형 CDSS의 일종인 제안하는 IMP 플랫폼은 고품질의 지식을 보장하고 유지보수가 용이하다. 신뢰도가 높은 고품질 지식을 보장하기 위해 의료 전문가로부터 도출된 룰 형태의 (화이트박스형) 지식을 기반으로 하고 정형, 비정형, 영상 등 다양한 형태의 의료 빅데이터로부터 머신러닝 (화이트박스형) 또는 딥러닝 알고리즘 (블랙박스형)을 사용하여 획득된 직관이나 지식을 병합한다. 한편, 진화하는 대용량 지식베이스 구축을 손쉽게 하기위하여 검증된 점진적 지식모델(Incremental Knowledge Model)인 화이트박스형 Ripple Down Rules (RDR)을 사용한다. 따라서, 최종적으로 구축되는 하이브리드형 지식베이스는 화이트박스형 RDR 지식 모델을 기반으로 하기때문에 의사결정의 투명성을 보장하고 방대한 지식베이스 구축이 용이하다. 동시에, IMP가 제공하는 엔지니어링 지원도구를 사용하여 의료인들은 지식공학자들의 도움을 최소화하면서 손쉽게 지식을 획득, 병합, 검증 및 유지보수를 할 수 있다. 본고에서는 저자가 개발하고 있는 IMP의 각 구성 컴포넌트를 소개하고, 이에 기반한 지능형 의료 서비스 사례로, 전문가 기반의 갑상선 암 치료 silo, 데이터 기반의 당뇨망막병증 진단 silo, 하이브리드 기반의 심부전 진단 silo를 소개한다.