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Natural circulation characteristics under various conditions on heavy liquid metal test loop
Ryu, Kyung Ha,Ban, Byoung Min,Lee, Tae Hyun,Lee, Jeonghyeon,Lee, Sang Huk,Cho, Jae Hyun,Ko, Sung-ho,Kim, Ji Hyun Elsevier 2018 International journal of thermal sciences Vol.132 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In advanced small modular reactors, a natural circulation system with liquid metal is preferred, as it offers enhanced safety features, simplicity of reactor design, and is economical with respect to construction. A natural circulation system also provides potential non-proliferation benefits to the international community. To test lead-bismuth eutectic as a liquid metal coolant, we have studied its natural circulation characteristics. We present the results of experiments on natural circulation conducted in a full-height scale test loop for varying core power, heat exchanger coolant oil temperature, and bubble injection rate. The experiments on the liquid metal were conducted under core power source conditions ranging from 2.5 kW to 15 kW. The aim of this experiment was to study natural circulation under various conditions. With our demonstration facility-based technology, we plan to verify small modular reactor cooling system safety and the technology of the bubble injection system that has been developed for liquid metal flow devices.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Liquid metal fast breeder reactors such as the sodium-cooled fast reactor and the lead-cooled fast reactor are candidates for GEN-IV nuclear energy systems. The advantages of the fast reactor design come from using liquid metal as the coolant. Small modular reactors are ideal for providing electricity to countries, offer a comparatively low initial capital investment, and offer flexibility for locations previously unable to accommodate nuclear reactors. A natural circulation system also provides potential non-proliferation benefits to the international community. The tests on liquid metal natural circulation were carried out on the liquid metal loop. Experimental studies on the isothermal natural circulation of the liquid metal were conducted in an integral test loop system, under steady state, and at varying core power source conditions ranging from 2.5 kW to 15 kW. The mass flow rate of the LBE increased rapidly from 0 to 0.36 kg/s over 500 s, and, as the core power increased, the mass flow rate of the LBE in the riser increased. As the oil temperature of the heat exchanger decreased, the temperature of the LBE also decreased. Because the temperature difference between the hot and cold legs was maintained, the mass flow rate was not affected. As the bubble injection rate was increased, the mass flow rate of the LBE in the riser also increased.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
박택규,김기환,허태성,Taek-Kyu Park,Ki-Hwan Kim,Tae-Sung Huk 대한화학회 1984 대한화학회지 Vol.28 No.5
극성 용매인 물과 비극성 용매인 염화메틸렌에서 각각 니코틴을 당량의 오존과 반응시켜 그 생성물을 기체 크로마토그라피로 조사한 후 관 크로마토그래피 및 얇은 막 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분리하였다. 이들 6가지 물질을 NMR, IR 및 Mass로 구조를 확인한 결과, 미반응의 니코틴 l-nornicotine, anabasine, ${\beta}$-nicotyrine, cotinine 및 nicotine-N-oxide임이 밝혀졌다. 이 생성물들을 토대로 두 액상에서의 니코틴 오존화 반응은 피롤리딘 고리의 1'위치에서 1차 산화가 일어나는 반응 메카니즘을 제안하였다. Nicotine was reacted with an equimolar amount of ozone in methylene chloride and distilled water. The reaction mixture was separated by column chromatography or thin layer chromatography and then purified by vacuum distillation. The six compounds obtained from this reaction were characterized by NMR, IR and Mass spectrometry. These were identified as unchanged nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, ${\beta}$-nicotyrine, cotinine and nicotine-N-oxide. From these results, reaction mechanism for the ozonolysis ofon nicotine was proposed; the pyrrolidine ring is attacked by ozone at the 1'-position followed by further transformation.
정태연,손석만,이창화,이원재,백승덕,최우혁,정희철,정소연,김남일,서정일,양창헌,이창우,정기훈,김정란 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.2
위장관은 악성 림프종이 가장 흔히 침범하는 림프절 외 장기이지만, 원발성 소장 악성림프종이 비교적 드물게 발생한다. 장중첩증은 장 림프종의 드문 징후이며, 다양한 영상 검사에 의하여 진단된다. 저자들은 회장 장중첩증에 의해 우연히 발견된 림프종의 예를 보고하는 바이다. 조직학적 소견은 미만성 대 B 세포의 악성 림프종이였고, 중증도의 미만성 대비분열성세포이였다. 환자는 수술적인 절제술과 항암요법을 시행하였고 15개월간 재발이 없는 상태로 추적 관찰 중이다. Although the gastrointestinal tract is one of the most frequent sites of extranodal malignant lymphoma, the occurrence of primary small intestinal lymphoma is relatively uncommon. The intussusception is a rare presenting sign of intestinal lymphoma, and diagnosed by various imaging studies. We report on a case of the lymphoma on ileum manifested by ileo-ileal intussusception. Pathologic type was malignant lymphoma with diffuse large B cell (REAL classification), intermediate grade, diffuse large noncleaved cell (Working formulation). The patient received surgical resection and combined chemotherapy and doing well for 15 months.