Prediction of Hybrid Performance Based on the Genetic Distance of Parental Lines in Two-Line Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids

Singh, Vikas Kumar,Upadhyay, Priti,Sinha, Pallavi,Mall, Ashish Kumar,Ellur, Ranjith K.,Singh, Atul,Jaiswal, Sanjay K.,Biradar, Sunil,Ramakrishna, S.,Sundaram, R.M.,Ahmed, Ilyas,Viraktamath, B.C.,Kole, 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

A total of six TGMS (thermosensitive genic male sterile lines) and nine pollinator lines were subjected to molecular characterization using 48 genome-wide SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Cluster analysis revealed clear differentiation among the TGMS lines according to their source of origin. The SSR-based genetic distance between the hybrids of the parental lines ranged from 0.36 to 0.79 suggesting a high degree of genetic divergence. Among a set of 54 hybrids generated using parental lines, 32 showed better parent heterosis (+21.7%) while 19 showed mid-parent heterosis (+15.0%). For the trait yield per plant genetic distance (GD) was negatively correlated with $F_1$ performance (r = -0.202), mid-parent heterosis (r = $-0.325^*$; P < 0.05), and better parent heterosis (r = -0.261), while it was positively correlated with specific combining ability (r = 0.042). Based on the grouped genetic distance (GGD), the hybrid combinations were divided into four groups. The GGD showed linear correlation with hybrid performance within the group (GGD = 40 - 50: r = -0.07; GGD = 70 - 80: r = 0.32). This information can be utilized in the development of higher yielding, two-line rice hybrids through selection of intermediately diverse parental lines using GGD.

Partial Purification and Characterization of Superoxide Dismutase from Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Fruit

Sunil Kumar,Santosh Dhillon,Dharam Singh,Randhir Singh 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.9 No.3

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. A 22 fold purification and an overall yield of 44% were achieved. The purified enzyme was a homodimer with Mr 37.1 kDa and subunit Mr 18.2 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE. SOD showed K_m values of 25×10^(-6) M and 1.7×10^(-6) M for nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and riboflavin as substrates, respectively. The enzyme was thermostable upto 50℃ and exhibited pH optima of 7.8. The effect of metal ions and some other compounds on enzyme activity was studied. Co^(2+) and Mg^(2+) were found to enhance relative enzyme activities by 27% and 73%, respectively, while Mn^(2+) inhibited the SOD activity by 64%. However, Ca^(2+) and Cu^(2+) had no effect on enzyme activity. Other compounds like H₂O₂ and NaN₃ inhibited enzymatic activities by 60% and 32%, respectively, while sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), chloroform plus ethanol and β-mercaptoethanol had no effect on the activity of SOD.

Exemestane encapsulated copolymers L121/F127/GL44 based mixed micelles: solubility enhancement and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation using MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Singh Gurdeep,Singh Davinder,Choudhari Manisha,Kaur Simran Deep,Dubey Sunil Kumar,Arora Saroj,Bedi Neena 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.6

Purpose The present study aimed to develop a novel therapeutic approach for controlled delivery of exemestane (EXE) to cancer cells using nanostructured polymeric micelles. Methods A simplex centroid design of experiment study was employed for optimizing the polymeric micelle formulation to achieve the desired critical quality attributes, including micelle size, drug loading (DL), encapsulation efficiency (EE), and critical micelle concentration (CMC). The oil-in-water (o/w) solvent evaporation method was used to prepare mixed micelles (MMs) of copolymers L121/F127/GL44 for encapsulating EXE. Profile analysis tensiometer methods were used to determine the CMC of the copolymer mixture. EXE-MMs, blank mixed micelles, and lyophilized mixed micelles (Lyp- EXE-MMs) were characterized for other key quality attributes, such as zeta potential, chemical interactions, and morphology. Results The optimized ratio of L121/F127/GL44 was 1.98, 0.812, and 1.20, respectively, providing EXE-MMs with small micelle sizes (35.45 ± 1.20 nm), higher EE (89.75 ± 2.14%), and DL (5.85 ± 2.14%). EXE-encapsulated MMs exhibited an in vitro sustained release profile with improved cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells than that with pure EXE. The cellular growth inhibitory concentration ( IC50) of EXE-MMs was 0.225 ± 0.124 μg/ml, while that of naïve EXE was 7.58 ± 0.145 μg/ ml. Moreover, in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of EXE micellar formulation showed significant improvement in Cmax and AUC (0–72 h), viz. 207.54 ± 18.65 ng/ml and 3530.77 ± 212.25 ng h/ml, respectively, suggesting enhanced bioavailability than that of pure EXE. Conclusion EXE-MMs have a great potential for enhancing the bioavailability of EXE.

Further Insights into the Mechanism of Hydrogen-Plasma Surface Passivation of Low-Dielectric Constant Hydrogen Silsesquioxane (HSQ)

Sunil Kumar Singh,R. O. Dusane,Alka A. Kumbhar,W. Bock 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.3

Hydrogen-plasma-induced surface modification of spin-on hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) thin films has been studied with a view to understand the various physical and chemical aspects of the process. An extensive characterization of the chemical structure, the surface topography and the surface wettability has been carried out. A copper diffusion study has also been done by employing secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results give new insights into the mechanism of the observed decrease in the leakage current of the HSQ films after hydrogen plasma treatment.

Partial Purification and Characterization of Superoxide Dismutase from Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Fruit

Kumar, Sunil,Dhillon, Santosh,Singh, Dharam,Singh, Randhir The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2004 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.9 No.3

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. A 22 fold purification and an overall yield of 44% were achieved. The purified enzyme was a homodimer with Mr 37.1 kDa and subunit Mr 18.2 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE. SOD showed $K_{m}$ values of 25 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M and 1.7 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M for nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and riboflavin as substrates, respectively. The enzyme was thermostable upto 5$0^{\circ}C$ and exhibited pH optima of 7.8. The effect of metal ions and some other compounds on enzyme activity was studied. $Co^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ were found to enhance relative enzyme activities by 27 % and 73 %, respectively, while M $n^{2+}$ inhibited the SOD activity by 64%. However, $Ca^{2+}$ and C $u^{2+}$ had no effect on enzyme activity. Other compounds like $H_2O$$_2$ and Na $N_3$ inhibited enzymatic activities by 60% and 32%, respectively, while sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), chloroform plus ethanol and $\beta$-mercaptoethanol had no effect on the activity of SOD. of SOD.

Primary pulmonary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma: a rare entity and a literature review

Priyanka Singh,Aruna Nambirajan,Manish Kumar Gaur,Rahul Raj,Sunil Kumar,Prabhat Singh Malik,Deepali Jain 대한병리학회 2022 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.56 No.4

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is an aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (<i>ALK</i>) gene fusions and is associated with high risk of local recurrence and poor prognosis. Herein, we present a young, non-smoking male who presented with complaints of cough and dyspnoea and was found to harbor a large right lower lobe lung mass. Biopsy showed a high-grade epithelioid to rhabdoid tumor with ALK and desmin protein expression. The patient initially received 5 cycles of crizotinib and remained stable for 1 year; however, he then developed multiple bony metastases, for which complete surgical resection was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of EIMS, with <i>ALK</i> gene rearrangement demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Postoperatively, the patient is asymptomatic with stable metastatic disease on crizotinib and has been started on palliative radiotherapy. EIMS is a very rare subtype of IMT that needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of ALKexpressing lung malignancies in young adults.

Prediction of Hybrid Performance Based on the Genetic Distance of Parental Lines in Two-Line Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids

Vikas Kumar Singh,Priti Upadhyay,Pallavi Sinha,Ashish Kumar Mall,Ranjith K. Ellur,Atul Singh,Sanjay K.Jaiswal,Sunil Biradar,S. Ramakrishna,R.M. Sundaram,Ilyas Ahmed,B. C. Viraktamath,C. Kole,Sukhpal S 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

A total of six TGMS (thermosensitive genic male sterile lines) and nine pollinator lines were subjected to molecular characterization using 48 genome-wide SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Cluster analysis revealed clear differentiation among the TGMS lines according to their source of origin. The SSR-based genetic distance between the hybrids of the parental lines ranged from 0.36to 0.79 suggesting a high degree of genetic divergence. Among a set of 54 hybrids generated using parental lines, 32 showed better parent heterosis (+21.7%) while 19 showed mid-parent heterosis (+15.0%). For the trait yield per plant genetic distance (GD) was negatively correlated with F1 performance (r = -0.202), mid-parent heterosis (r = -0.325*; P < 0.05), and better parent heterosis (r = -0.261), while it was positively correlated with specific combining ability (r = 0.042). Based on the grouped genetic distance (GGD),the hybrid combinations were divided into four groups. The GGD showed linear correlation with hybrid performance within the group (GGD = 40 - 50: r = -0.07; GGD = 70 - 80: r = 0.32). This information can be utilized in the development of higher yielding,two-line rice hybrids through selection of intermediately diverse parental lines using GGD.

Biotechnological advances in jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider]: recent developments and prospects for further research

Sunil Kumar,Manisha Mangal,A. K. Dhawan,Narender Singh 한국식물생명공학회 2012 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.6 No.2

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), is a medicinal and oil-yielding, multi-purpose species of the family Simmondsiaceae. The most valuable product of jojoba seed is the liquid wax or jojoba oil which is used extensively in the cosmetic and bio-fuel industry. Propagation of jojoba is possible using conventional methods, but it is time consuming and cumbersome owing to long rotation periods, male-biased population, and long flowering and seed set time. The development of an efficient regeneration system is a prerequisite for a number of biotechnological interventions for the improvement of jojoba, such as genetic transformation, production of useful metabolites in vitro, etc. During the past decade, therefore, several attempts have been made for in vitro propagation of jojoba. Organogenesis has been achieved in this species from mature as well as juvenile explants. Present communication reports an overview of the in vitro regeneration of jojoba via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Factors affecting organogenesis as well as production of synthetic seeds using shoot tips and axillary buds have also been discussed; however, efforts need to be made to develop an efficient genetic transformation system in jojoba. The purpose of this review is to focus upon the current information on in vitro propagation and biotechnological advances made in jojoba.

Biodegradation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonate by Indigenous Isolate Shinella yambaruensis SA1 and Its Validation by Genotoxic Analysis

Sunil Biala,Pooja Chadha,Harvinder Singh Saini 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.6

Shinella yambaruensis SA1, an indigenous strain,was isolated from sludge of wastewater treatment plant. The isolate SA1 efficiently degraded 0.58 mM of 4-aminobenzenesulfonate (4-ABS) after 6 h incubation andutilized it as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energyunder aerobic conditions. The isolate SA1 retained itspotential to degrade 4-ABS when grown in mediumsupplemented upto 3% (w/v) NaCl. The LC/MS basedanalysis of degradation products and assay of ring openingenzymes indicated that 4-ABS was degraded via orthocleavage pathway. The efficiency of 4-ABS biodegradationwas evaluated by scoring chromosomal aberrations in micewhich showed 53% reduction in the genotoxicity ofbiologically treated samples as compared to pure 4-ABS. Thus, SA1 could be a potential isolate for developingsequential anoxic-aerobic system for achieving mineralizationof polar aromatic amine intermediates generated afterbreakdown of textile dyes.

Physiological variations in the autonomic responses may be related to the constitutional types defined in Ayurveda

Sunil Buchiramulu Rapolu,Manoj Kumar,Girish Singh,Kishor Patwardhan 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2015 TANG Vol.5 No.1

According to Ayurveda, an individual can be classified into any one of the seven constitutional types (Prakriti) depending on the dominance of one, two, or three Doshas. A ‘Dosha’ is representative of fundamental mechanisms that are responsible for homeostasis, and thus, to health. In the recent years, there have been several efforts to see whether certain physiological, haematological or biochemical parameters have any relationship with the constitutional types or not. The objective of the present study was to see if the results of autonomic function tests vary according to Prakriti of an individual. We conducted this study in clinically healthy volunteers of both the gender belonging to the age group of 17 to 35 years after obtaining their written consent. The Prakriti of these volunteers was assessed on the basis of a validated questionnaire and also by traditional method of interviewing. After confirming that the primary Dosha ascertained by both these methods matched, 106 volunteers were grouped into three on the basis of primary Dosha and were subjected to various autonomic function tests such as cold pressor test, standing-to-lying ratio, Valsalva ratio and pupillary responses such as pupil cycle time and pupil size measurement in light and dark. The results suggest that, the autonomic function tests in the healthy individuals may correlate linearly with the primary Dosha expressed in an individual. In particular, people with Kapha as the most dominant Dosha showed a tendency to have either a higher parasympathetic activity or a lower sympathetic activity with respect to their cardiovascular reactivity in comparison to the individuals with Pitta or Vata as the most dominant Dosha.