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장성만(Sungman Chang),백종우(Jong-Woo Paik),김성환(Seong Hwan Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2013 생물치료정신의학 Vol.19 No.2
The bias results from the lack of internal validity or incorrect measurement of the association between exposure and effect in the target population. In regard to internal validity, selection bias, information bias, and confounding can appear to some degree in all observational research. Selection bias arises from an absence of comparability among study groups. Information bias is caused by incorrect assessment of exposures, effects, or both. Confounding is a confusing or blurring of effects. Researchers try to relate exposure to outcome but actually measure the effect of a third factor. Confounding can be controlled in several ways - restriction, matching, stratification, and more sophisticated multivariate techniques.
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정재훈(Jaehoon Jeong),원승희(Seunghee Won),장성만(Sungman Chang) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2011 생물치료정신의학 Vol.17 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 정신보건시설에 입원 중인 정신분열병 환자의 우울증상에 대한 유병률을 알아보고 이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 대구경북지역 및 인천경기지역의 정신보건시설에 입원 중인 정신분열병 환자 141명을 대상으로 Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale(CES-D)을 시행하였다. 정신분열병 환자의 우울증상 유병률은 전체46.8%, 남자 43.7%, 여자 50.0%였다. 가족이 없는 경우, 보호자들이 면회를 잘 오지 않는 경우, 지남력의 손상이 있는 경우, 통증이나 불편감이 있는 경우에서 우울 증상이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 정신분열병 환자에서 우울장애의 발생과 진행을 예방하기 위해 이러한 예측인자들에 대한 특별한 주의가 필요함을 제시한다. Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and to identify predictors of depressive symptoms among inpatients with schizophrenia. Methods : One hundred and forty-one schizophrenic patients were included. Sociodemographic characteristics were obtained by questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale(CES-D). A cutoff score 16 or above was used to indicate depressive symptoms. Results : Prevalence of depressive symptoms was 46.8% in this sample, 43.7% in male and 50.0% in female. No familial support, six or more numbers of admission, infrequent visit of caretaker over the last month, impaired orientation and presence of pain or discomfort were predictors of depressive symptoms. Conclusion : Depressive symptoms were highly prevalent in inpatients with schizophrenia. The predictors of depressive symptoms should be given special attention to prevent the onset and progression of depressive disorder in this group of patients.
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진정태(Jeong Tae Jin),차병헌(Byeong Heon Cha),이성만(Sungman Lee),장대식(Dae Sik Chang),이흥호(Heung Ho Lee) 대한전기학회 2006 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10
This paper shows circuits and their output characteristics of a pulse power supply for pulsed laser diodes. The power supply is designed of its output voltages over than 100V, currents 100A, pulse repetition rates 100㎐, and pulse width 10㎲~500㎲.
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The Relationship between Alexithymia and General Symptoms of Patients with Depressive Disorders
JuHee Kim,SeungJae Lee,HyoDeog Rim,HeaWon Kim,GeumYe Bae,SungMan Chang 대한신경정신의학회 2008 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.5 No.3
Objective-Depression has been associated with alexithymic features. However, few studies have investigated the differences in the general symptoms of patients with depressive disorders according to the presence of alexithymia. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between alexithymia and symptoms experienced by patients with clinically diagnosed depressive disorders. Methods-A chart review of patients who were evaluated using the Korean version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) at the same time between the years 2003 and 2007 was conducted. A total of 104 patients with depressive disorders were included and divided into two groups: alexithymia (n=52) and non-alexithymia (n=52). A direct comparison between the two groups was carried out. Regression analysis was also carried out for the TAS-20 total and subset scores in order to model the relationship between alexithymia and symptoms. Results-The presence of alexithymia was confirmed in 50% of the patients with depressive disorders, and the symptoms of depressive patients with alexithymia were more severe than those of their non-alexithymic counterparts on all 9 symptom domains of the SCL-90-R. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that the presence of alexithymia was positively associated with depression, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism but inversely associated with anxiety. Conclusion-These results suggest that the clinical features of depression are partially dependenton the presence of alexithymia. Alexithymic patients with depressive disorders are likely to show more severe depressive, psychotic, and phobic symptoms. In other words, clinicians should suspect the presence of alexithymic tendencies if these symptoms coexist in patients with depressive disorders and address their difficulties in effective communication.
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MaengJe Cho,SuJeong Seong,JeeEun Park,InWon Chung,YoungMoon Lee,Ahn Bae,JoonHo Ahn,DongWoo Lee,JaeNam Bae,SeongJin Cho,JongIk Park,Jungwoo Son,SungMan Chang,BongJin Hahm,JunYoung Lee,JeeHoon Sohn,JinS 대한신경정신의학회 2015 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.12 No.2
Objective-The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in Korean adults. Methods-Door to door household surveys were conducted with community residents aged 18–74 years from July 19, 2011, to November 16, 2011 (n=6,022, response rate 78.7%). The sample was drawn from 12 catchment areas using a multistage cluster method. Each subject was assessed using the Korean version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Results-Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates were as follows: alcohol use disorders, 13.4% and 4.4%, respectively; nicotine use disorders, 7.2% and 4.0%, respectively; anxiety disorders, 8.7% and 6.8%, respectively; and mood disorders, 7.5% and 3.6%, respectively. The prevalence rates of all types of DSM-IV mental disorders were 27.6% and 16.0%, respectively. Being female; young; divorced, separated, or widowed; and in a low-income group were associated with mood and anxiety disorders after adjustment for various demographic variables, whereas being male and young were associated with alcohol use disorders. Higher income was not correlated with alcohol use disorder as it had been in the 2001 survey. Conclusion-The rate of depressive disorders has increased since 2001 (the first national survey), whereas that of anxiety disorders has been relatively stable. The prevalence of nicotine and alcohol use disorders has decreased, and the male-to-female ratio of those with this diagnosis has also decreased.
KCI
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