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Venkata Subramanian Krishnaraju,Kumar Rajender,Sood Ashwani,Jaya Shukla,Karthikeyan Subramanian,Nandita Kakkar,Naresh Panda,Mittal Bhagwant Rai 대한핵의학회 2021 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.55 No.3
Chondrosarcoma is a cartilaginous tumor of mesenchymal origin. The histology and grade of the tumor determine the chances of relapse and survival. These tumors usually respond poorly to chemo-radiotherapy in cases of non-resectable and recurrent disease. 18F-FDG PET/CT has been used in evaluation of recurrence. However, these tumors show only mild to moderate FDG avidity due to their lower mitotic activity and large acellular matrix. These tumors are known to have a high degree of angiogenesis, especially in those of higher grade. We present a case of a 53-year-old man with grade II chondrosarcoma of the left femur showing only mild avidity on 18F-FDG PET/CT but showing moderate to intense tracer avidity on 68Ga-DOTA-RGD2 PET/CT. This may enable the use of angiogenesis-targeted positron and beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals as a potentially new theranostic alternative treatment in cases of refractory metastatic chondrosarcoma.
Examining the Gm18 and $m^1G$ Modification Positions in tRNA Sequences
Subramanian, Mayavan,Srinivasan, Thangavelu,Sudarsanam, Dorairaj Korea Genome Organization 2014 Genomics & informatics Vol.12 No.2
The tRNA structure contains conserved modifications that are responsible for its stability and are involved in the initiation and accuracy of the translation process. tRNA modification enzymes are prevalent in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. tRNA Gm18 methyltransferase (TrmH) and tRNA $m^1G37$ methyltransferase (TrmD) are prevalent and essential enzymes in bacterial populations. TrmH involves itself in methylation process at the 2'-OH group of ribose at the 18th position of guanosine (G) in tRNAs. TrmD methylates the G residue next to the anticodon in selected tRNA subsets. Initially, $m^1G37$ modification was reported to take place on three conserved tRNA subsets ($tRNA^{Arg}$, $tRNA^{Leu}$, $tRNA^{Pro}$); later on, few archaea and eukaryotes organisms revealed that other tRNAs also have the $m^1G37$ modification. The present study reveals Gm18, $m^1G37$ modification, and positions of $m^1G$ that take place next to the anticodon in tRNA sequences. We selected extremophile organisms and attempted to retrieve the $m^1G$ and Gm18 modification bases in tRNA sequences. Results showed that the Gm18 modification G residue occurs in all tRNA subsets except three tRNAs ($tRNA^{Met}$, $tRNA^{Pro}$, $tRNA^{Val}$). Whereas the $m^1G37$ modification base G is formed only on $tRNA^{Arg}$, $tRNA^{Leu}$, $tRNA^{Pro}$, and $tRNA^{His}$, the rest of the tRNAs contain adenine (A) next to the anticodon. Thus, we hypothesize that Gm18 modification and $m^1G$ modification occur irrespective of a G residue in tRNAs.
Seismic performance of lateral load resisting systems
Subramanian, K.,Velayutham, M. Techno-Press 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.51 No.3
In buildings structures, the flexural stiffness reduction of beams and columns due to concrete cracking plays an important role in the nonlinear load-deformation response of reinforced concrete structures under service loads. Most Seismic Design Codes do not precise effective stiffness to be used in seismic analysis for structures of reinforced concrete elements, therefore uncracked section properties are usually considered in computing structural stiffness. But, uncracked stiffness will never be fully recovered during or after seismic response. In the present study, the effect of concrete cracking on the lateral response of structure has been taken into account. Totally 120 cases of 3 Dimensional Dynamic Analysis which considers the real and accidental torsional effects are performed using ETABS to determine the effective structural system across the height, which ensures the performance and the economic dimensions that achieve the saving in concrete and steel amounts thus achieve lower cost. The result findings exhibits that the dual system was the most efficient lateral load resisting system based on deflection criterion, as they yielded the least values of lateral displacements and inter-storey drifts. The shear wall system was the most economical lateral load resisting compared to moment resisting frame and dual system but they yielded the large values of lateral displacements in top storeys. Wall systems executes tremendous stiffness at the lower levels of the building, while moment frames typically restrain considerable deformations and provide significant energy dissipation under inelastic deformations at the upper levels. Cracking found to be more impact over moment resisting frames compared to the Shear wall systems. The behavior of various lateral load resisting systems with respect to time period, mode shapes, storey drift etc. are discussed in detail.
Stage-Wise Identification and Analysis of miRNA from Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>
Subramanian, Parthiban,Choi, In-Chan,Mani, Vimalraj,Park, Junhyung,Subramaniyam, Sathiyamoorthy,Choi, Kang-Hyun,Sim, Joon-Soo,Lee, Chang-Muk,Koo, Ja Choon,Hahn, Bum-Soo MDPI AG 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.17 No.10
<P>In this study, we investigated global changes in miRNAs of <I>Meloidogyne incognita</I> throughout its life cycle. Small RNA sequencing resulted in approximately 62, 38, 38, 35, and 39 Mb reads in the egg, J2, J3, J4, and female stages, respectively. Overall, we identified 2724 known and 383 novel miRNAs (read count > 10) from all stages, of which 169 known and 13 novel miRNA were common to all the five stages. Among the stage-specific miRNAs, miR-286 was highly expressed in eggs, miR-2401 in J2, miR-8 and miR-187 in J3, miR-6736 in J4, and miR-17 in the female stages. These miRNAs are reported to be involved in embryo and neural development, muscular function, and control of apoptosis. Cluster analysis indicated the presence of 91 miRNA clusters, of which 36 clusters were novel and identified in this study. Comparison of miRNA families with other nematodes showed 17 families to be commonly absent in animal parasitic nematodes and <I>M. incognita</I>. Validation of 43 predicted common and stage-specific miRNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR) indicated their expression in the nematode. Stage-wise exploration of <I>M. incognita</I> miRNAs has not been carried out before and this work presents information on common and stage-specific miRNAs of the root-knot nematode.</P>
Subramanian, Yuvaraj,Veerasubramani, Ganesh Kumar,Park, Myung-Soo,Kim, Dong-Won The Electrochemical Society 2019 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.166 No.4
<P>We synthesized a layer structured NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> material through gas-phase solid state reaction, and its electrochemical performance was examined as an intercalation anode for sodium-ion hybrid capacitor. The NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> electrode showed a reversible capacity of 142.5 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 200 mA g<SUP>−1</SUP> over 100 cycles with good capacity retention of 94.0%, and it delivered a high discharge capacity of 100.7 mAh at 1000 mA g<SUP>−1</SUP>. The surface capacitive process mainly contributed to the charge storage in the NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> electrode. Its superior electrochemical performance arose from the layered structure of NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> that offered the easy pathway for sodium ion diffusion and accommodated the volume strain during sodiation/de-sodiation processes. The sodium-ion hybrid capacitor assembled with NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> anode and activated carbon cathode exhibited a high power density of 599.6 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at energy density of 17.3 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP> with good capacity retention of 93.2% at 300 mA g<SUP>−1</SUP> after 3000 cycles. Our results demonstrate that the NbSe<SUB>2</SUB> can be a promising anode material for sodium-ion hybrid capacitor.</P>
Subramanian, E.,Baeg, J.O.,Lee, S.M.,Moon, S.J.,Kong, K.j. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.34 No.20
This article reports our investigation on H<SUB>2</SUB> generation from visible light (λ>=420nm) photodecomposition of H<SUB>2</SUB>S by nanomaterial catalysts, α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and its chemically modified Fe<SUB>2-x</SUB>Ga<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (Ga substitution at x=0.6, FeGaO<SUB>3</SUB>-I and x=1.0, FeGaO<SUB>3</SUB>-II). Simple template-free hydrothermal technique was employed to synthesize the three photocatalysts. XRD study reveals rhombohedral nanocrystalline structure and FESEM shows nanospheres morphology for Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and nanosticks/nanorods for both FeGaO<SUB>3</SUB>-I, and FeGaO<SUB>3</SUB>-II. In H<SUB>2</SUB> generation, Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and FeGaO<SUB>3</SUB>-II perform moderate and almost same activities in the fresh and used conditions (quantum yield, QY=6.0-6.8% at 550nm). Contrarily, fresh FeGaO<SUB>3</SUB>-I exhibits a greater activity (11.2% QY) and the activity is further enhanced (QY=15.3%) on regeneration and reuse. The intricacy, as resolved by XRD and FESEM, appears to take place through morphology transformation. The present work, thus, successfully demonstrates H<SUB>2</SUB> generation from H<SUB>2</SUB>S by nanostructured photocatalysts involving morphology dependent activity enhancement.
Highly Efficient Catalytic Cyclic Carbonate Formation by Pyridyl Salicylimines
Subramanian, Saravanan,Park, Joonho,Byun, Jeehye,Jung, Yousung,Yavuz, Cafer T. American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.11
<P>Cyclic carbonates as industrial commodities offer a viable nonredox carbon dioxide fixation, and suitable heterogeneous catalysts are vital for their widespread implementation. Here, we report a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for CO<SUB>2</SUB> addition to epoxides based on a newly identified active catalytic pocket consisting of pyridine, imine, and phenol moieties. The polymeric, metal-free catalyst derived from this active site converts less-reactive styrene oxide under atmospheric pressure in quantitative yield and selectivity to the corresponding carbonate. The catalyst does not need additives, solvents, metals, or co-catalysts, can be reused at least 10 cycles without the loss of activity, and scaled up easily to a kilogram scale. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the nucleophilicity of pyridine base gets stronger due to the conjugated imines and H-bonding from phenol accelerates the reaction forward by stabilizing the intermediate.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Subramanian, Esakkiappan,Baeg, Jin-Ook,Kale, Bharat B.,Lee, Sang-Mi,Moon, Sang-Jin,Kong, Ki-Jeong Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.11
Tantalum-containing metal oxides, well known for their efficiency in water splitting and H2 production, have never been used in visible light driven photodecomposition of H2S and H2 production. The present work is an attempt in this direction and investigates their efficiency. A mixed metal oxide, ZnFe2Ta2O9, with the inclusion of Fe2O3 to impart color, was prepared by the conventional ceramic route in single- and double-calcinations (represented as ZnFe2Ta2O9-SC and ZnFe2Ta2O9-DC respectively). The XRD characterization shows that both have identical patterns and reveals tetragonal structure to a major extent and a minor contribution of orthorhombic crystalline system. The UV-visible diffuse reflection spectra demonstrate the intense, coherent and wide absorption of visible light by both the catalysts, with absorption edge at 650 nm, giving rise to a band gap of 1.9 eV. Between the two catalysts, however, ZnFe2Ta2O9-DC has greater absorption in almost the entire wavelength region, which accounts for its strong brown coloration than ZnFe2Ta2O9-SC when viewed by the naked eye. In photocatalysis, both catalysts decompose H2S under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm) and produce solar H2 at a much higher rate than previously reported catalysts. Nevertheless, ZnFe2Ta2O9-DC distinguishes itself from ZnFe2Ta2O9-SC by exhibiting a higher efficiency because of its greater light absorption. Altogether, the tantalum-containing mixed metal oxide proves its efficient catalytic role in H2S decomposition and H2 production process also.