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Venkata Subramanian Krishnaraju,Kumar Rajender,Sood Ashwani,Jaya Shukla,Karthikeyan Subramanian,Nandita Kakkar,Naresh Panda,Mittal Bhagwant Rai 대한핵의학회 2021 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.55 No.3
Chondrosarcoma is a cartilaginous tumor of mesenchymal origin. The histology and grade of the tumor determine the chances of relapse and survival. These tumors usually respond poorly to chemo-radiotherapy in cases of non-resectable and recurrent disease. 18F-FDG PET/CT has been used in evaluation of recurrence. However, these tumors show only mild to moderate FDG avidity due to their lower mitotic activity and large acellular matrix. These tumors are known to have a high degree of angiogenesis, especially in those of higher grade. We present a case of a 53-year-old man with grade II chondrosarcoma of the left femur showing only mild avidity on 18F-FDG PET/CT but showing moderate to intense tracer avidity on 68Ga-DOTA-RGD2 PET/CT. This may enable the use of angiogenesis-targeted positron and beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals as a potentially new theranostic alternative treatment in cases of refractory metastatic chondrosarcoma.
MODEL-BASED CONTROL OF AN ELECTROPNEUMATIC BRAKE SYSTEM FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
P. KARTHIKEYAN,D. B. SONAWANE,S. C. SUBRAMANIAN 한국자동차공학회 2010 International journal of automotive technology Vol.11 No.4
A properly functioning brake system is critical for ensuring the safe operation of any vehicle on roadways. Commercial vehicles such as trucks, tractors-trailers and buses are equipped with an air brake system that uses compressed air as the energy transmitting medium. This paper presents a model-based control scheme for an electropneumatic brake system for use in commercial vehicles. A mathematical model for an electropneumatic brake system was developed and corroborated with experimental data. A control scheme was developed based on this model and was used to regulate the pressure of air inside the brake chamber according to a desired pressure trajectory. This control scheme was implemented on an experimental test bench, and its performance was studied for various values of the controller parameter. The control scheme was tested for various desired pressure trajectories reflecting actual brake operation.
Kundu, Anu,Karthikeyan, Subramanian,Sagara, Yoshimitsu,Moon, Dohyun,Anthony, Savarimuthu Philip The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Vol.20 No.43
<P>Molecular photoswitching, light induced reversible color/fluorescence modulation, has mostly been realized in organic molecules <I>via E</I>/<I>Z</I> isomerization of azobenzenes and stilbenes and ring opening/closing reactions of spiropyrans and diarylethenes. We report here new fluorescent molecular photoswitches based on triphenylamine (TPA)-imidazole derivatives, <I>N</I>-phenyl-<I>N</I>-(4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1<I>H</I>-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)benzenamine (NTPB) and <I>N</I>-phenyl-<I>N</I>-(4-(1-phenyl-1<I>H</I>-phenanthro[9,10-<I>d</I>]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)benzenamine (NPPB), that exhibited light induced reversible fluorescence switching <I>via</I> conformational change from a twisted molecular structure to more planar. NTPB and NPPB in CHCl3 showed red shift of absorption and fluorescence upon UV light irradiation whereas white light exposure reversed both absorption as well as fluorescence. The role of the TPA-imidazole twisted molecular structure in photoswitching was established based on structure property, computational and photophysical studies. The isobestic point observed in time dependent fluorescence change under UV light irradiation clearly demonstrated the presence of two different conformational isomers. Interestingly, polymorphism and torsion angle (<I>τ</I>) dependent fluorescence of NTPB and NPPB in the solid state also supported the role of the twisted molecular structure of TPA-imidazole in fluorescence switching/tuning. Interestingly, NTPB showed fluorescence photoswitching in the solid state also whereas rigid phenanthrene based NPPB did not show fluorescence photoswitching. Thus the present studies provide structural insight for designing a new type of fluorescent organic molecular photoswitches based on conformational modulation that could be of potential interest in optoelectronic devices.</P>
Hariharan, Palamarneri Sivaraman,Parthasarathy, Gayathri,Kundu, Anu,Karthikeyan, Subramanian,Sagara, Yoshimitsu,Moon, Dohyun,Anthony, Savarimuthu Philip The American Chemical Society 2018 CRYSTAL GROWTH AND DESIGN Vol.18 No.7
<P>Stimuli-responsive fluorescence modulation of organic fluorophores is closely related to their structural organization, noncovalent interactions, ability to adopt different conformation, and phase change in the solid state. Herein, we have synthesized aggregation enhanced emissive fluorophores, (5-(4-(diphenylamino)benzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (<B>1</B>), 5-(4-(diphenylamino)-2-methoxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (<B>2</B>), and 5-(4-(diphenylamino)-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (<B>3</B>)) and demonstrated molecular structure controlled tunable fluorescence (552 to 616 nm, Φ<SUB>f</SUB> = 14.6-41.8%) and stimuli responses. One showed thermofluorochromism between 586 and 558 nm at room and liquid N<SUB>2</SUB>. <B>2</B> showed tunable fluorescence via polymorphism (<B>2a</B> (550 nm) and <B>2b</B> (610 nm)). Interestingly, hard crushed −<B>2b</B> polymorph showed two different mechanofluorochromism (MFC) when heated at 80 and 180 °C as well as topochemical conversion from <B>2b</B> to <B>2a</B>. In contrast, <B>2a</B> and <B>3</B> displayed usual MFC. Crystal structure, powder X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetric studies indicated conformational, structural, and phase changes with different stimuli which are responsible for fluorescence switching/tuning. Computational studies revealed that optical band gap modulation depend on the molecular conformation and support the fluorescence modulation.</P><P>Aggregation enhanced emissive fluorophores based on triphenylamine exhibited drastic modulation of stimuli-responsive behavior and polymorphism and topochemical conversion induced tunable fluorescence.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>