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Lee, Sooyeon,Lee, Kyung Min,Kim, Ketack The Korean Electrochemical Society 2022 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.13 No.2
Trimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TriMA BF<sub>4</sub>), consisting of the smallest trialkylammonium ion, was investigated for use in electrochemical double-layer capacitors. Despite the presence of a proton in TriMA<sup>+</sup>, cycle life tests in acetonitrile (AN) and -butyrolactone (GBL) showed a good capacity retention with a 1.8 V cut-off voltage. The rate of electrolysis of TriMA BF<sub>4</sub> in GBL was lower than that in AN because of the lower conductivity in GBL. As a consequence, the cells based on GBL achieved a higher capacitance and longer life than those with AN. TriMA BF<sub>4</sub> had a higher conductivity and lower viscosity than the quaternary salt tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in GBL, as well as higher ionic mobility, these factors resulted in a higher rate capability.
Lee Sooyeon,Han Jiyoung,Woo Seung Hee,Lee Soo-Jin 대한직업환경의학회 2022 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.34 No.-
Background: Occupational pesticide exposure is a potential risk for respiratory health effects. Most clinical studies on pesticide exposure were related to acute exposure, and only a few studies on chronic exposure have been conducted. This study investigated the chronic respiratory health status and the chronic effects of occupational pesticide exposures of farmers in Gyeonggi-do. Methods: Surveys and pulmonary function tests were conducted on 1,697 farmers in 16 regions of Gyeonggi-do. The structured questionnaire included demographic characteristics, medical history, recent respiratory symptoms and diseases, and work-related conditions, and was conducted through one-on-one interviews. The prevalence of respiratory diseases was compared by the odds ratios (ORs) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by logistic regression analysis. Additional multivariate logistic regression analysis was also conducted. Results: Pesticide work groups showed significant association with an obstructive pattern in the lung function test (unadjusted OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.17–5.52). Selected work-related variables of pesticide exposure were ‘start age,’ ‘cumulative duration,’ ‘mixing pesticides,’ and ‘protection(goggle).’ The obstructive pattern of lung function test showed significant associations with mixing pesticides (OR, 2.30; 95% CI,1.07–5.46), and protection (goggle) use (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12–0.79). Conclusions: Mixing two or more pesticides showed a significant association. Wearing goggles can be seen as an indicator of awareness of the protective equipment and proper wearing of protective equipment, and loss of pulmonary function can be prevented when appropriate protection is worn.
LEE, SOOMIN,AHN, SOOYEON,LEE, HEEYOUNG,KIM, WON-IL,KIM, HWANG-YONG,RYU, JAE-GEE,KIM, SE-RI,CHOI, KYOUNG-HEE,YOON, YOHAN International Association for Food Protection 2014 Journal of food protection Vol.77 No.10
<P>This study investigated the effect of adaptation of Staphylococcus aureus strains to the acidic condition of tomato in response to environmental stresses, such as heat and acid. S. aureus ATCC 13565, ATCC 14458, ATCC 23235, ATCC 27664, and NCCP10826 habituated in tomato extract at 35°C for 24 h were inoculated in tryptic soy broth. The culture suspensions were then subjected to heat challenge or acid challenge at 60°C and pH 3.0, respectively, for 60 min. In addition, transcriptional analysis using quantitative real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression level of acid-shock genes, such as clpB, zwf, nuoF, and gnd, from five S. aureus strains after the acid habituation of strains in tomato at 35°C for 15 min and 60 min in comparison with that of the nonhabituated strains. In comparison with the nonhabituated strains, the five tomato-habituated S. aureus strains did not show cross protection to heat, but tomato-habituated S. aureus ATCC 23235 showed acid resistance. In quantitative real-time-PCR analysis, the relative expression levels of acid-shock genes (clpB, zwf, nuoF, and gnd) were increased the most in S. aureus ATCC 23235 after 60 min of tomato habituation, but there was little difference in the expression levels among the five S. aureus strains after 15 min of tomato habituation. These results indicate that the variation of acid resistance of S. aureus is related to the expression of acid-shock genes during acid habituation.</P>
Lee, Jeong Gu,Lim, Sooyeon,Kim, Jongkee,Lee, Eun Jin Elsevier 2017 Food chemistry Vol.233 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GSLs) by myrosinase yields varieties of degradation products including isothiocyanates (ITCs). This process is controlled by the glucosinolatemyrosinase (G-M) system. The major ITCs in radish roots are raphasatin and sulforaphene (SFE), and the levels of these compounds decrease during storage after harvest. We investigated the GM system to understand the mechanism behind the decrease in the ITCs in radish roots. Six varieties of radish roots were stored for 8weeks at 0–1.5°C. The concentrations of GSLs (glucoraphasatin and glucoraphenin) were maintained at harvest levels without significant changes during the storage period. However, SFE concentration and myrosinase activity remarkably decreased for 8weeks. Pearson correlation analysis between ITCs, GSLs, and myrosinase activity showed that a decrease of SFE during storage had a positive correlation with a decrease in myrosinase activity, which resulted from a decrease of ascorbic acid but also a decrease of myrosinase activity-related gene expressions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Major isothiocyanates in radish roots are raphasatin (RH) and sulforaphene (SFE). </LI> <LI> The levels of these beneficial compounds decrease during cold storage after harvest. </LI> <LI> We first tried to clear the cause of RH and SFE reduction of harvested radish roots. </LI> <LI> The decrease of SFE comes from the deterioration of the glucosinolatemyrosinase system. </LI> <LI> The deterioration is caused by the reduction of myrosinase activity and ascorbate content. </LI> </UL> </P>
Sooyeon Lee,Kyung Seek Choi 대한안과학회 2023 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.37 No.4
Purpose: To compare and analyze the performance of dual pneumatic ultra-high-speed vitreous cutters based on their cut rates, vacuum levels, and diameters in terms of flow rate and cutting time. Methods: The Constellation Vision System was used to remove egg white for 30 seconds, after which we calculated the flow rate by measuring the change in weight. We then measured the time required to remove 4 mL of egg white. We tested the UltraVit (UV) 7,500 cuts per minute (cpm) probe and the Advanced UltraVit (AUV) 10,000 cpm probe in biased open duty cycle mode, using 23-, 25-, and 27-gauge probes, respectively. Results: In biased open duty cycle, the flow rate tended to decrease as the cut rates increased for all three gauges. At the same cut rates, the flow rate increased as the vacuum level increased (p < 0.05), and as the diameter increased (p < 0.05). Among cutters with the same diameter, the AUV cutter showed higher flow rates than the UV cutter, with increases of 0.267 mL/ min (18.5%) at 27 gauge, 0.627 mL/min (20.8%) at 25 gauge, and 1.000 mL/min (20.7%) at 23 gauge (all p < 0.05). The times required to remove 4 mL of egg white took longer with the UV cutter than the AUV cutter for all three gauges (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of a smaller gauge vitreous cutter may reduce the flow rate and increase the time required for vitrectomy, but this can be partially compensated for by increasing the vacuum level as well as using a vitreous cutter with a higher maximum cut rate, improved port size, and improved duty cycle.