A simple phenotypic classification for celiac disease

( Ajit Sood ),( Vandana Midha ),( Govind Makharia ),( B. K. Thelma ),( Shivalingappa S Halli ),( Varun Mehta ),( Ramit Mahajan ),( Vikram Narang ),( Kriti Sood ),( Kirandeep Kaur ) 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.2

Background/Aims: Celiac disease is a global health problem. The presentation of celiac disease has unfolded over years and it is now known that it can manifest at different ages, has varied presentations, and is prone to develop complications, if not managed properly. Although the Oslo definitions provide consensus on the various terminologies used in literature, there is no phenotypic classification providing a composite diagnosis for the disease. Methods: Various variables identified for phenotypic classification included age at diagnosis, age at onset of symptoms, clinical presentation, family history and complications. These were applied to the existing registry of 1,664 patients at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India. In addition, age was evaluated as below 15 and below 18 years. Cross tabulations were used for the verification of the classification using the existing data. Expert opinion was sought from both international and national experts of varying fields. Results: After empirical verification, age at diagnosis was considered appropriate in between A1 (<18) and A2 (≥18). The disease presentation has been classified into 3 types-P1 (classical), P2 (non-classical) and P3 (asymptomatic). Complications were considered as absent (C0) or present (C1). A single phenotypic classification based on these 3 characteristics, namely age at the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and intestinal complications (APC classification) was derived. Conclusions: APC classification (age at diagnosis, presentation, complications) is a simple disease explanatory classification for patients with celiac disease aimed at providing a composite diagnosis. (Intest Res 2018;16:288-292)

Antibacterial and Pharmacological Evaluation of Fluoroquinolones: A Chemoinformatics Approach

Sood, Damini,Kumar, Neeraj,Singh, Aarushi,Sakharkar, Meena Kishore,Tomar, Vartika,Chandra, Ramesh Korea Genome Organization 2018 Genomics & informatics Vol.16 No.3

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics are an important class of synthetic antibacterial agents. These are the most extensively used drugs for treating bacterial infections in the field of both human and veterinary medicine. Herein, the antibacterial and pharmacological properties of four fluoroquinolones: lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin have been studied. The objective of this study was to analyze the antibacterial characteristics of the different fluoroquinolones. Also, the pharmacological properties of the compounds including the Lipinski rule of five, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, LD50, drug likeliness, and toxicity were evaluated. We found that among all four FQ molecules, ofloxacin showed the highest antibacterial activity through in silico assays with a strong interaction (-38.52 kJ/mol) with the antibacterial target protein (topoisomerase-II DNA gyrase enzyme). The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic analysis also showed that the compounds ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin and norfloxacin have good pharmacological properties. Notably, ofloxacin was found to possess an IGC50 (concentration needed to inhibit 50% growth) value of $0.286{\mu}g/L$ against the Tetrahymena pyriformis protozoa. It also tested negative for the Ames toxicity test, showing its non-carcinogenic character.

Cell thickness dependence of liquid crystal parameters

Sood, Nitin,Khosla, Samriti,Singh, Darshan,Bawa, S.S. The Korean Infomation Display Society 2012 Journal of information display Vol.13 No.1

Ferroelectric liquid crystal parameters, spontaneous polarization, and transition temperature were studied as a function of cell thickness. These parameters were found to increase with increasing cell thickness, but an exception was observed for the transition temperature in the case of a thin cell. A simple Landau model is presented to interpret the theoretical and experimental observations. The anomalous behavior is attributed to the electroclinic effect and is explained using the Landau model.

Measuring electrical parameters of ferroelectric liquid crystals using universal current reversal method

Sood, N.,Khosla, S.,Singh, D.,Bawa, S.S. The Korean Infomation Display Society 2011 Journal of information display Vol.12 No.3

The universal current reversal method is used for the simultaneous measurement of response time (${\tau}$), azimuthal angle (${\varphi}_o$), spontaneous polarization ($P_S$), and rotational viscosity (${\gamma}_{\varphi}$) of two ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). The application of AC field in FLCs results in reorientational current, which is further analyzed to obtain various parameters. The variation in the parameters with temperature follows the typical trend predicted by the theory. The theoretical curve fits well into the experimental data. Its comparison with traditional current reversal method is confirmed to address certain limitations of that method.

Sex Linked Developmental Rate Differences in Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos Fertilized and Cultured In Vitro

Sood, S.K.,Chauhan, M.S.,Tomer, O.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.1

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of paternal sex chromosome on early development of buffalo embryos fertilized and cultured in vitro. Embryos were produced in vitro from abattoir derived buffalo oocytes. The cleaved embryos were cocultured with buffalo oviductal epithelial cells and evaluated on day 7 under the phase contrast microscope to classify development. The embryos which reached the morula/blastocyst stage were fast developing, the embryos which were at 16-32 cell stage were medium developing and the embryos below 16 cell stage were slow developing. The embryos which showed some fragmentation in the blastomeres or degenerated blastomeres, were degenerating. Sex of emberyos (n=159) was determined using PCR for amplification of a male specific BRY. 1 (301 bp) and a buffalo specific satellite DNA (216 bp) fragments. The results thus obtained show that 1) X and Y chromosome bearing sperms fertilize oocytes to give almost equal numbers of cleaved XX and XY embryos, 2) male embryos develop faster than female embryos to reach advanced stage and 3) degeneration of buffalo embryos is not linked with the paternal sex chromosome. We suggest that faster development of males is due to differential processing of X and Y chromosome within the zygote for its activation and / or differential expression of genes on paternal sex chromosome sex chromosome during development of buffalo embryos fertilized and cultured in vitro which may be attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Modification of the electrical parameters of CNT-doped deformed-helix ferro-electric liquid crystals

Sood, Nitin,Khosla, Samriti,Singh, Darshan,Bawa, S.S. The Korean Infomation Display Society 2012 Journal of information display Vol.13 No.4

Liquid crystals are useful for a wide range of applications due to their exceptional properties. Doping of liquid crystals with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), even at very low concentrations, produces a detectable effect on the liquid crystal (LC) properties that can be very attractive for various functions. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of CNTs on the electrical properties of a short-pitch and high-spontaneous-polarization ferro-electric LC mixture, FLC-6304, at different temperatures. The inclusion of the CNTs significantly reduced the polarization at temperatures well within the $SmC^*$ phase, but the effect was gradually reversed as the transition temperature was approached. The insertion of the CNTs also reduced the response time and the rotational viscosity of the FLC mixture, which is highly desirable in the LCD industry.

Distant Dreams of Peace After the US Exit, What’s Next for Afghanistan?

Rakesh Sood 동아시아재단 2021 Global Asia Vol.16 No.3

Exclusive enteral nutrition for induction of remission in anti-tumor necrosis factor refractory adult Crohn’s disease: the Indian experience

( Ajit Sood ),( Arshdeep Singh ),( Ritu Sudhakar ),( Vandana Midha ),( Ramit Mahajan ),( Varun Mehta ),( Yogesh Kumar Gupta ),( Kirandeep Kaur ) 대한장연구학회 2020 Intestinal Research Vol.18 No.2

Background/Aims: Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is recommended for induction of remission in pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). However, it is not currently recommended for inducing remission in adults. This report describes the use of 12-week EEN for induction of remission in anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) refractory adult CD. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of adults with moderate to severe active (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index [CDAI] >220) anti-TNF refractory CD, who received EEN for 12 weeks between April 2018 and March 2019 at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India. Primary outcomes included achievement of clinical remission and fistula healing at 12 weeks. Improvement in inflammatory markers and nutritional status were the secondary end points. Results: Out of 23 patients who received anti-TNF agents, 7 (30.4%) were refractory and were offered EEN as a salvage therapy. Six patients (66.7% females, mean age 25.6±6.5 years) consented. Four patients (66.6%) achieved clinical remission (CDAI <150). Mean CDAI of patients decreased significantly after 12 weeks of EEN (388.8±74.8 vs. 160.0±25.2, P< 0.001). Perianal fistulas showed clinical response (drainage decreased by >50%), though none achieved remission. Entero-enteric fistulae showed complete healing. Mean body mass index improved from 15.6±3.1 to 18.9±1.9 kg/m2 at week 12 (P=0.003). Hemoglobin and serum albumin also improved from 8.2±1.1 g/dL and 2.8±0.3 g/dL at baseline to 12.6±0.6 g/dL and 3.6±0.5 g/dL post-EEN respectively (P<0.001 and P=0.006 respectively). Conclusions: EEN appears to be an effective and well tolerated therapy for induction of remission in anti-TNF refractory adult CD. More data from prospective trials with larger number of patients is required. (Intest Res 2020;18:184-191)

EXPLAINING PAST EXPERIENCE’S IMPACT ON INTENTION TO FURTHER ENGAGE IN A COSMETIC PROCEDURE USING THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR

Abhinav Sood,Vanessa Quintal,Ian Phau 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

This research is underpinned by the theory of planned behaviour to examine how past experience impacts on intention to engage in cosmetic procedures. Findings are expected to help researchers understand decision-making related to cosmetic procedures and assist industry practitioners to identify factors that drive consumers to repeat a cosmetic procedure.

Poor Functional Outcome in Patients with Voluntary Knee Instability after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Munish Sood,Vikas Kulshrestha,Julie Sachdeva,Amresh Ghai,Ajaydeep Sud,Shalender Singh 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.3

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains the gold standard treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, a good functional outcome even after a successful surgery depends on multiple factors. It has been observed that certain patients with a chronic ACL injury demonstrate knee instability voluntarily. The authors observed that these patients might not perform well even after a successful surgery. This study aims to assess the outcome after ACL and other ligament reconstruction in patients with voluntary knee instability. Methods: From a total of 824 patients who underwent ACLR, 13 patients with a history of voluntary knee instability were selected, and data of these patients (demographic and clinical profile) were obtained. Outcomes of surgery in this group of patients were evaluated by using Lysholm score and Tegner activity level. Results: All patients were young men with a chronic ACL injury and manifested instability. Associated injuries were lateral meniscus tear in 3 patients, medial meniscus tear in 2, and posterolateral corner (PLC) injury in 3. ACLR was done using the semitendinosus- gracilis graft in all patients. Further, anterolateral ligament reconstruction was done in 2 patients and PLC reconstruction, in 3 patients. The mean Lysholm score was 54.76 (range, 48–62) preoperatively and 60.92 (range, 54–78) at a mean follow-up of 14.3 months (range, 11–26 months). The median Tegner activity level was 6 (range, 5–7) before injury and 4 (range, 3–5) at the final follow-up. Twelve of the 13 patients were able to demonstrate instability voluntarily at the time of the final follow-up. Conclusions: In patients with ACL and other ligament injuries who demonstrated voluntary knee instability, the functional outcome even after successful ligament reconstruction was poor.