Effects of dietary supplementation with probiotic CS-A on performance in broiler chickens

Seong Soo Kang1*, Se Eun Kim, Ara Go, Kyung Mi Shim, Chun Sik Bae, Chang Jong Moon, Sung-Ho Kim, Jong-Choon Kim, Jin-Cheol Yoo, Seung Sik Cho 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3

Probiotics, enzymes, organic acids, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, and other functional materials are actively being explored as alternatives to antibiotics. Probiotics include live beneficial microorganisms that colonize the intestinal tract and competitively inhibit attachment and growth of harmful microbes. Probiotics also increase feed efficiency by assisting in nutrient absorption and digestion. The current study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a new probiotic, CS-A, as a dietary supplement of a fermented product on growth performance, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency in broiler chickens, and to evaluate its value as an alternative for antibiotics used as a feed additive. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of CS-A were investigated in vitro and the in vivo effects of a constant concentration of supplemented CS-A on growth rate and feed efficiency were evaluated. In addition, the safety of CS-A was assessed by examination of common symptoms and mortality. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration revealed an excellent antibacterial effect of CS-A. Cytotoxicity was low and anti-inflammatory effects were achieved at the effective concentration of CS-A. Supplementation with 0.1% CS-A resulted in a feed efficiency score of 1.84 in broilers, compared to 2.00 in the control group. There were no adverse clinical findings, necropsy findings, hematology, and altered serum biochemistry parameters, and no mortality. Thus, it is concluded that CS-A is safe and effective as a feed additive.

점탄성 감쇠기의 최적설계

강경수 동명정보대학교 2002 건축도시연구소 저널 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study is to present the design method of visco-elastic dampers. The dynamics of visco-elastic dampers and support braces connected in series is modeled by state equation. A constraint on maximum story drifts which are computed using RMS's of story drifts and peak factors is added to the optimization problem. The number of variables is reduced by including the constraint associated with the dynamic behavior of the structure in the procedure to compute the gradient of the inequality equation about constraint on the maximum story drifts. In the design example, it is confirmed that the design of dampers considering support brace stiffness is necessary when sufficient brace stiffness can not be supplied. It is also found that unnecessary brace stiffness can be removed by adding brace stiffnessess to optimal design variables and that the increase of damper volumes to compensate for the variation of maximum story drift is pretty small.

數學의 槪念形成을 爲한 敎授·學習模型의 硏究

姜慶愛,申澤均,金大洙 대구교육대학교 1975 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

This study is attempted to develope a better way of forming the concepts of mathematics in teaching and learning. A lot of basic concepts of mathematics have been mostly instructed in the primary school in such a way as verbal explanation. Therefore, no opportunity has ever been given to pupils for their logical, rational way of thinking. Some teaching-learning ways of concepts formation has been already expressed but no teaching-learning pattern as to what steps must be taken for their instruction has been yet found. This paper aims at developing such a pattern and helping the inservice teachers apply it for the improvement of mathematics education. The concepts to be instructed in the primary school are divided into three-objective, operative and relative. As they are considerd to be taught in different ways, the fellowing patterns are made. The objective concepts are to be instructed in such a way as ① pattern presentation, ② comprehension as a set, ③ concepts building, ④ definition of concepts ⑤ application; the operative concepts as ① motivation, ② comprehension as a set, ③ concepts building, ④ being made into notation, ⑤ training for skill, the relative concepts as ① case presentation, ② comprehension as a set, ③ concepts building, ④ being made into notation, ⑤ application. According to this, <prism> was actually instructed in the sixth grade of primary school for the understanding of objective concepts; <adding> in the first grade for operative concepts; <perpendiculum> in the fourth grade for relative concepts. The results showed easy and correct understanding as well as logical and rational thinking on the part of school boys and girls. The assumption that the process of forming the three patterns may be different was wrong and a general model was mode: model presentation→comprehension as a set→concepts building→being made into notation→application. All that is needed is that the teaching method of each step should be different.

Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate법에 의한 원유와 살균유의 세균수 측정

姜國熙,王智怨,朴興洙,李圭鍾,金敬民 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.2

LAL method for the determination of Gram-negative bacterial Lipopolysaccharides(LPS) in milk is proposed and its value for bacteriological quality control is investigated. The relationship between the LPS contents and total colony count(cfu/ml), which covers the Gram-negative bacteria, was determined in raw milk samples. The coefficient of correlation between Gram-negative bacterial counts(cfu/ml) and LPS contents was r^2 =0.969. And, the correlation coefficient between total bacterial counts(cfu/ml) and LPS contents was r^2 =0. 914. It was also investigated how much the LPS contents were in UHT milks from l0 different dairy industrial companies in Korea. It varied from 92 ng LPS/ml to 938 ng LPS /ml.

떫은감 Carotenoid의 색소 안정성

강미정,윤경영,성종환,이광희,김광수 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Studies on extraction and color stability of carotenoids from astringent persimmon(Diospyros kaki) were performed to provide the basic information for the utilization of persimmon pigment as a new source of natural food colorant. The major carotenoids in astringent persimmon were beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and beta-carotene. Beta-cryptoxanthin was the first major pigment and lycopene the next. Total carotenoid content in persimmon calculated as beta-carotene equivalent was 107.4 ㎍/g. The data indicated that the astringent persimmon was a good source of carotenoid pigment. The physical and chemical stabilities of carotenoid from astringent persimmon were investigated at various conditions of temperature, pH and antioxidant. The effects of oxygen and light on the stability of carotenoid pigment has been investigated. The factors that cause the discoloration were visible light, temperature above 60, pH below 5 and oxygen. Especially, the carotenoid pigment was very sensitive to light and oxygen. Carotenoid stability was much improved with increasing nitrogen concentration in the atmosphere. Persimmon pigments have been found to be most stable at 5~10. And tocopherol was the most effective inhibitor of the pigment discoloration.

포자배양에 의한 박쥐란 (Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C. Chr.)의 대량증식과 순화재배에 관한 연구

姜聲述,梁會亨,曺敬喆,金光秀 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1998 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.33 No.-

박쥐란(Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C. Chr.)의 기재 대량 증식과 순화배지 개발을 목적으로 포자발아에 적합 배지, 유식물의 발근율 향상을 위한 생장조정제 종류 및 활성탄소의 농도를 구명하고 훈탄, 수태, 바크와 왕겨, 피트와 퍼라이트 및 버미큐라이트와 퍼라이트 등 몇가지 재식 재료의 종류가 박쥐란 유묘의 생육에 미치는 영향에 관하여 알아 보고자 실험은 실시하였다. 포자의 발아는 agar 보다 gelrite 첨가배지에서 좋았다. 포자체의 성장에는 MS 배지 보다 hyponex, Knudson 배지가 좋았다. 생장조정제 종류의 영향에 있어서는 shoot 발생에는 IAA와 NAA 첨가배지에서 양호했고 rooting은 NAA 첨가배지에서만 발생하였다. 활성탄소의 종도에 따른 shoot 발생과 지상부생육은 0.3%에서 가장 양호했고 뿌리수도 같은 경향으로 적정 농도는 0.3∼0.6%였다. 특히 활성탄소의 농도 그 이상인 경우는 근부 발달이 현저히 억제되었다. 유묘의 순화는 훈탄과 수태단용, 피트 + 퍼라이트에서는 신초수, 지상부 및 지하부 생육이 양호한 반면 바크와 왕겨 혼합용토는 식재재료로 부적당하였다. This study was carried out to establish a mass-propagaion system of Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C. Chr. through in vitro culture of spores. Effects of growth regulator and activated charcoal on the in vitro plant development from spores were examined, and an ideal potting material for acclimatization of the sporelings was developed in this experiments. Gelrite was better than agar as gelling agent of the media for spore germination. The gametophytes grew better on hyponex or Knudson medium than on MS medium. The culture medium with IAA and NAA was better for the plant shooting and rooting than the medium containing NAA only. Multiple shoot formation as will as shoot and root growth was promoted by the addition of activated charcoal aat 0.3% to the culture medium, byt, the plant growth, especially root development was retarded when the concentration of charcoal exceeded 0.6% in the culture medium. Carbonized rice hull, sphagnum moss or peat with perlite in pot mixture resulted in the desirable shoot and root growth.

새로운 14각형 펜타아자 거대고리 리간드의 Ni(Ⅱ) 및 Cu(Ⅱ) 착화합물의 합성과 성질

강신걸,정수경 대구대학교 부설 과학교육연구소 1992 과학교육 Vol.5 No.-

1, 4, 8, 11-테트라아자운데칸과 포름알데히드 그리고 일차아민류의 주형축합반응으로부터 14각형의 펜타아자 거대고리 리간드인 1-메틸, 1-에틸, 1-프로필, 1-부틸, 1-(2-메틸프로필) 및 1-벤질-1, 3, 5, 10, 13-펜타아자시클로테트라데칸(A, B, C, D, E, 및 F)의 Ni(Ⅱ) 및 Cu(Ⅱ) 착화합물들을 합성하였다. 착화합물[M(L)]^(2+)(M=Ni(Ⅱ)또는Cu(Ⅱ) : L=A, B, C, D, E, 또는 F)에 있는 네 개의 이차 질소원자는 5-6-5-6킬레이트 고리 배열을 한 평면사각형 구조로 배위되어 있으며 알킬기가 배위된 삼차 질소는 배위되지 않은 상태에 있다. 이들 착화합물의 합성과 스펙트럼 및 성질들이 논의된다. 합성된 펜타아자 거댁리 리간드의 Ni(Ⅱ) 및 Cu(Ⅱ) 착화합의 성질들은 유사한 구조의 테트라아자 또는 헥사아자 거대고리 착화합물의 성질과 큰 차이를 나타내지 않는다.

전치의 후방견인에 따른 입술과 주위 연조직의 수직적 변화

강창수,김경호,최광철 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.2

입술의 돌출을 해소하고자 하는 환자들은 자신의 안모 개선을 안모의 측면보다는 거울로 볼 수 있는 정면을 통하여 느끼는 것이 보편적이다. 안모의 정면에서 평가가 이루어질 때에는 입술이 후방으로 들어간 정도와 함께 입술과 그 주위 조직의 수직적 변화에 의해서도 큰 영향을 받을 수 있으므로 교정치료 진단이나 치료 후 평가를 위한 측모두부방사선 사진 분석 시 전통적으로 중요시되고 있는 입술의 시상적 이동뿐만 아니라 흔히 간과하기 쉬운 수직적인 변화에 관해서도 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 입술 돌출을 주소로 내원한, 성장이 완료된 성인 여성 61명을 대상으로 측모두부 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 전치의 후방견인시 나타나는 입술과 주위 연조직의 수직적 변화를 계단식 다중 회귀 분석법을 이용하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.상, 하순의 philtrum길이 (SnLs, LiB') 는 전치의 후방견인 후 증가하였고, 상, 하순의 vermilion height (LsStms, StmiLi) 와 vermilion length (LsLi) 는 감소하였다. 2.상, 하순의 길이 (SnStms, StmiB')와 연조직의 하안면 고경 (SnMe')은 치료 후 유의성 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 3.상순의 philtrum길이 증가에 상악 전치의 정출 △UIV 이 가장 큰 영향을 주었으며 하순의 philtnlm길이 증가에는 치료 전 overjet이 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. 4.상, 하순의 vermilion height감소에 상순의 두께 감소가 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. Patients who want to reduce their lip protrusion usually estimate the severity of the lip protrusion on the frontal aspect. Most orthodontists have a perplexed experience of a reduced thin line of vermilion border on the frontal aspect as incisors are retracted, even though the lip protrusion is thought to be reduced favorably on the sagittal aspect. Some patients also look older after orthodontic treatment because of severe lip thinning. This unaesthetic reduction of vermilion border urges us to study the vertical lip change during orthodontic procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vertical lip and perioral soft tissue changes in respect to incisor retraction in an effort to analyze which factors might be responsible for their vertical changes, using the multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. 1.Upper and lower lip philtrum length(SnLs, LiB') were increased after retraction of anterior teeth, where as upper and lower vermilion height(LsStms, StmiLi), and vermilion length(LsLi) were decreased. 2.Upper and lower lip length(SnStms, StmiB'), and soft tissue lower anterior facial height(SnMe') did not show any significant difference after treatment. 3.The increase of the upper lip philtrum length was mainly influenced by the extrusion of upper anterior teeth(△UIV), and the increase of the lower lip philtrum length was mainly influenced by the initial overjet before treatment. 4.The decrease of the upper and lower lip vermilion height was mainly influenced by the decrease of upper lip thickness.

법인세법 제43조의 포괄위임방식에 대한 비판적 고찰 : 기업회계의 발전 및 세법규정의 두 가지 변수를 중심으로

강경규,이수명 明知大學校 經濟硏究所 2002 경영연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구에서는 기업회계와 세무회계가 추구하는 목적과 기능이 상이함에도 불구하고 기업회계기준을 과세소득산정에 있어서 우선 적용하도록 한 현행 법인세법 제43조(기업회계기준과 관행의 적용)에 의한 세법에서 기업회계를 적용하는 포괄위임방식(negative system)규정에 대한 문제점을 비판적으로 고찰하여 기업회계와 세무회계의 관계를 근본적으로 재조명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 주요국의 기업회계와 세무회계와의 관계를 ‘기업회계의 발전정도’와 ‘세법의 회계에 관한 규정정도’의 두 가지 변수를 중심으로 비교·분석하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 기업회계와 세무회계의 계량적인 차이조정 방안위주의 연구에서 벗어나 근본적으로 세법에서 기업회계에 대한 기준성을 입법화하여 규정해도 무리가 없을 만큼 우리나라의 기업회계기준이 손색없이 정비되어있는지에 초점을 둔 실무적인 논의가 선행되어야 할 것이다.

작용기를 가진 14각형 거대고리 리간드의 니켈(II) 및 구리(II) 착화합물들의 합성

강신걸,정수경,권재근 대구대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 基礎科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

New nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of the 14-membered macrocyclic ligands with functional groups 1, 8-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1, 3, 6, 8,10,13-hexazacyclotetradecane(H) and 1, 8-bis(2-piperazinoethyl)-1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13-hexaazacyclotetradecane( I) have been synthesised by the template condensations of ethylenediamine, formaldehyde, and appropriate amines in the presence of the metal ion. The complexes of H and I contain hydroxy ethyl pendant arms and piperazinoethyl pendant arms at the uncoordinated nitrogens of the ligands, respectiviely. [M(H)] (C104)2 (M=Ni(II) or Cu(II)), [M(H2I)] (C104)4(M=Ni(11) or Cu(11)), and [Ni (I )] (C104)2 have square planar geometry with 5-6-5-6 chelate ring sequence. The complexes are extremely stable in crystalline states and relatively stable in highly acidic solutions. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of the complexes are described.