Fluoxetine and Sertraline Attenuate Postischemic Brain Injury in Mice

Shin, Tae-Kyeong,Kang, Mi-Sun,Lee, Ho-Youn,Seo, Moo-Sang,Kim, Si-Geun,Kim, Chi-Dae,Lee, Won-Suk The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.3

This study aimed to investigate whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) attenuate brain injury and facilitate recovery following photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice. Male ICR mice were anesthetized and systemically administered Rose Bengal. Permanent focal ischemia was induced in the medial frontal and somatosensory cortices by irradiating the skull with cold light laser. The animals were treated with fluoxetine or sertraline once a day for 14 d starting 1 h after ischemic insult. Treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline significantly reduced the infarct size. The Evans blue extravasation indices of the fluoxetine- and sertraline-treated groups were significantly lower than that of the vehicle group. Treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline shifted the lower limit of the mean arterial blood pressure for cerebral blood flow autoregulation toward normal, and significantly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ${\alpha}$ (HIF-1 ${\alpha}$) proteins in the ischemic region. These results suggest that SSRIs, such as fluoxetine and sertraline, facilitate recovery following photothrombotic cortical ischemia via enhancement of HO-1 and HIF-1 ${\alpha}$ proteins expression, thereby providing a benefit in therapy of cerebral ischemia.

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions

Lee, Sang Choel,Han, Seung Hyeok,Li, Jin Ji,Lee, Sun Ha,Jung, Dong-Sub,Kwak, Seung-Jae,Kim, Seung Hye,Kim, Dong Ki,Yoo, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Jin Hyun,Chang, Se-Ho,Han, Dae Suk,Kang, Shin-Wook International Society of Nephrology 2009 Kidney international Vol.76 No.8

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an anti-oxidant enzyme normally upregulated in response to oxidant injury. Here we determined the role of HO-1 in podocyte apoptosis in glomeruli of streptozotocin-treated rats and in immortalized mouse podocytes cultured in media containing normal or high glucose. HO-1 expression, its activity, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein, and active caspase-3 fragments were all significantly higher in isolated glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. These increases were inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin treatment of the rats or by HO-1 siRNA treatment of the podocytes in culture. The number of apoptotic cells was also significantly increased in the glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. Inhibition of HO-1 accentuated the increase in apoptotic cells both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that HO-1 expression protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions.

Fluoxetine and Sertraline Attenuate Postischemic Brain Injury in Mice

Tae Kyeong Shin,Mi Sun Kang,Ho Youn Lee,Moo Sang Seo,Si Geun Kim,Chi Dae Kim,Won Suk Lee 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.3

This study aimed to investigate whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) attenuate brain injury and facilitate recovery following photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice. Male ICR mice were anesthetized and systemically administered Rose Bengal. Permanent focal ischemia was induced in the medial frontal and somatosensory cortices by irradiating the skull with cold light laser. The animals were treated with fluoxetine or sertraline once a day for 14 d starting 1 h after ischemic insult. Treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline significantly reduced the infarct size. The Evans blue extravasation indices of the fluoxetine- and sertraline-treated groups were significantly lower than that of the vehicle group. Treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline shifted the lower limit of the mean arterial blood pressure for cerebral blood flow autoregulation toward normal, and significantly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1Ձ (HIF-1Ձ) proteins in the ischemic region. These results suggest that SSRIs, such as fluoxetine and sertraline, facilitate recovery following photothrombotic cortical ischemia via enhancement of HO-1 and HIF-1Ձ proteins expression, thereby providing a benefit in therapy of cerebral ischemia.

골수이식 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 변화 : 2년 추적관찰 2-Year Prospective Study

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,한제호,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

장 르느와르 : <위대한 환상>, <게임의 규칙>을 중심으로 Focus on <Grand Illusion>, <The Rules of the Game>

신강호 한국영화교육학회 2001 영화교육연구 Vol.3 No.-

This thesis is a analysis of Grand Illusion, The Rules of the Game on director Jean Renoir. The purpose of this thesis is to study the narrative and style in text. Many antiwar films make their plea by providing a surfeit of the horrors of war; Renoir does not. Nor does he win our allegiance to peace with thrilling combat scenes. Rather, he provides some glimpses of brave and honorable men interacting within the vague ambiance of the conflict, leaving us to find and feel in this display of life the futility and wastefulness of war. The use of parallels and repetitions, an important but subordinate elements in the totality of a Renoir film, in Grand Illusion becomes the organizing principle of the whole: Two parallel introductory scenes; three large parallel central sections; one pair of characters splitting into two parallel pairs, with a complex variety of smaller parallels and repetitions, where the repetitions are often also reversals, a repeated form with a contrast meanings. Any brief account of the narrative of The Rules of the Game must seem complicated to the point of unintelligibility. I offer such an account, knowing this danger, but trusting that the discussion that follows will make more sense of it. The film explores the contrast and convention and question of how people meet. These themes had persisted as Renoir moved from the bourgeois films of the early thirties which present larger groups of a lower class, but from Grand Illusion on they are subordinated to the question of class. The style Renoir had developed through the 1930s reaches it culmination in The Rules of the Game. Special lenses were made to maximize the depth of the field. His camera moves more freely than ever through this space, sometimes abandoning an action in mid-movement to follow another, sometimes catching two or three actions simultaneous at different depths in the field, often through a door which frames another receding space. The sound track of a perfection never equaled by any French film. Renoir's films are among the major achievements of this youngest art form. He worked at this art for over forty-five years. One constant in this long career was that in both style and theme his films were genuinely his, rather than performance executed in accord with the fashions of the moment. I'd like to study this point through the Grand Illusion and The Rules of the Game.

망간 용해액의 정제를 위한 기초 연구

신강호,송영준,김윤채 三陟大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

This study was performed to obtain basic data for refining manganese nitrate solution which used as starting material for manufacturing Mn₃O₄, raw material of Mn-Zn soft ferrite. 1. Among the various kinds of manganese oxide, MnO is most appropriate for making manganese nitrate solution, for the MnO is easily dissolve in nitric acid and which reaction is exothermic. 2. The most appropriate condition for reduction roasting which reducing Mn₃O₄to MnO is temperature of 700~800℃, roasting time of 30~60min, carbon 5~10 wt.%. 3. The appropriate pH of solution and reaction time for removing iron and silicon from manganese nitrate solution by controlling the pH of solution are pH4~6, 1~2hour, respectively. 4. The appropriate condition for removing calcium and magnesium from manganese nitrate solution by precipitating in the form of oxalate are pH of 1~4, (NH₄)₂C₂O₄adding amount of 0.1M or less and as long reaction time as possible.

Streptococcus의 유당분해에 대한 자일리톨의 효과

신강호,양규호,최남기,김선미,오종석 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

자일리톨은 탄소 5개가 있는 탄수화물로 치아우식증을 억제할 목적으로 사용되는 자당 대체물이다. 본 논문은 구강 중요 세균인 Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius에서 유당분해에 대한 자일리톨의 작용을 관찰하고자 하였다. 세균에 대한 유당과 자일리톨의 병합효과를 보기 위하여 분광광도계를 이용한 흡광도를 측정하였고 생균수 검사를 실시하였다. Streptococcus mutans 또는 β-galactosidase에 의한 유당분해에 대한 자일리톨 효과를 보기 위하여 thin layer chromatography와 lactose-PTS activity test를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 유당과 자일리톨을 병합 첨가한 배지에 Streptococcus mutans를 배양하면 배양액 흡광도가 배양 8시간에 증가하지 않다가 배양 24시간에 증가하였다. 배양 8시간에서의 생균수도 유당 단독보다 유당과 자일리톨 병합 첨가 시 적게 나타났다. 2. 유당과 자일리톨을 병합 첨가한 배지에 Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius를 배양하면 배양액 흡광도가 배양 8시간에 증가하지 않다가 배양 24시간에 증가하였다. 3. 배지에 유당 단독으로 첨가할 때보다도 유당과 자일리톨을 병합 첨가한 배지에 Streptococcus mutans를 8시간 배양하면 thin layer chromatography상 남아있는 유당이 많았으나, 배양 24시간에는 모든 유당이 분해되었다. 4. 배지에 유당 단독으로 첨가할 때보다도 유당과 자일리톨을 병합 첨가한 배지에서 Streptococcus mutans의 lactose-PTS 활성도가 낮았다. 5. 배지에 유당 단독으로 첨가할 때보다도 유당과 자일리톨을 병합 첨가한 배지에 β-galactosidase 사용시 thin layer chromatography상 유당이 많았다. 이상의 결과는 자일리톨이 Streptococcus의 유당 이용을 억제함을 시사하였다. Xylitol is a 5-carbons carbohydrate, which can be replaced with sucrose for preventing dental caries. To study the effect of xylitol on the fermentation of lactose in bacteria, the important oral bacteria such as Streptococcus (S.) mutans, S. oralis and S. salivarius were studied. The optical density using spectophotometer and the cell concentration were assessed to evaluate the combined effect of lactose and xylitol against the bacteria. Thin layer chromatography and lactose-PTS activity test were performed to evaluate the effect of xylitol on the fermentation of lactose in S. mutans and by β-galactosidase with the following results. 1. The optical density of Streptococcus mutans culture was not increased for 8 hours-incubation in the media added with lactose and xylitol, but was increased at 24 hours-incubation. The number of viable cells at 8 hours-incubation was smaller in the media containing lactose and xylitol in comparison with lactose only. 2. The optical densities of Streptococcus oralis culture and Streptococcus salivarius culture were not increased for 8 hours-incubation in the media added with lactose and xylitol, but were increased at 24 hours-incubation. 3. When Streptococcus mutans was incubated for 8 hours in the media added with lactose and xylitol. the amount of remained lactose was larger compared with the media added with lactose only. But all lactose was fermented in both media after 24 hours-incubation. 4. When Streptococcus mutans was incubated in the media added with lactose and xylitol, the activity of lactose-PTS was higher compared with the media added with lactose only. 5. When β-galactosidase was incubated in the media added with lactose and xylitol, the amount of remained lactose was larger compared with the media added with lactose only. These results indicated that xylitol inhibited the fermentation of lactose by Streptococcus.

Landscape Ecological Study on the Habitats of Three Thalictrum Plants and its Distribution

Kang,Shin-Ho,Ko,Sung-Chul 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

The purposes of this study were to clarify of floristic composition and the landscape structure on the habitats of three Thalictrum plants, which were distributed in Daejeon, Korea. Floristic composition of habitats was organized by living in flatten open space needed a lot of sunlight and humidity. Landscape ecological structure of habitats was defined by soils of loamy skeletal mesic, slope between 25 to 30˚ Vegetation rating was 75 percent of woody coverage at less than 450 m above the sea levels, respectively. Distribution patterns of Thalictrum plants in Daejeon were presented on the 1 km X 1 km grid map.

창의력 계발을 위한 초등학교 교사의 과학수업환경 조사

신호권,최선영,강호감 한국초등과학교육학회 2003 초등과학교육 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study was to survey the teacher's recognition of science teaching environment for developing student's creativity in elementary schoo. For this purpose, we asked some questions to elementary school teachers: 20 item-questionnaire was given to 380 teachers who work in the region of Gyeonggi province. The queries which composed of 20 questionaries with two main factors- such as psychological and physical circumstances and each main factor composed of 10 subfactors. The results of the study are as follows: In the psychological environments, most of teachers are positive recognition on the subfactors such as the conditions of teaching, liberty of experiment, self-reliance and confidence building, curiosity inducements, but are negative on the cooperation, creative work, teachers' induction of interests, and scientific attitude in science class. In the physical environment, most of teachers have negative recognition such as free use of experimental materials, free reporting, scientific environment, free movement of position, improvement of the institutionalization, employment of multi-media system, breeding and culturing of living organisms, which means that the improved educational environment is needed for children to use it freely. On the other hand, most of the administrative group (92.1% of teachers) are acceptive in all the factors of educational environment, such as, for example, psychological and physical environment could be designated that the importance of educational environment have been recognized. With these results seemed to indicate that nearly all of teachers recognize the importance of the educational environment of science class, struggle for improving the educational environment of science class which closely related with the improvement of children's creativity.

합금철 분진의 재활용을 위한 기초 연구

신강호,송영준,김윤채 三陟大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

This study was performed to obtain the basic data for recycling of the dust in ferroalloy manufacture. The chemical composition, composition material, particle size and shapes of the bulk dust, sizing dust and magnetic separating dust were investigated. As the result, the dust from High Carbon Ferromanganese Manufacturing Process is not sufficient as source material of Mn, the dust from Bag Filter of AOD Process is a good source material of Mn, and the dust from Cooler of AOD Process can be a good source material of Mn through Sizing or Magnetic Separation.