A ball-milling strategy for the synthesis of benzothiazole, benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives under solvent-free conditions

Sharma, Hemant,Singh, Narinder,Jang, Doo Ok The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.16 No.12

<P>A convenient solvent-free method for the synthesis of benzothiazole, benzimidazole, and benzoxazole derivatives has been developed using recyclable ZnO-NPs <I>via</I> a ball-milling strategy. The method affords environmentally friendly reaction conditions that score high on the ecoscale with the low <I>E</I>-factor. The process is also highly efficient even on a multi-gram scale and provides easy product isolation.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A convenient solvent-free method for the synthesis of benzothiazole, benzimidazole, and benzoxazole derivatives has been developed using recyclable ZnO-NPs <I>via</I> a ball-milling strategy. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4gc01142b'> </P>

Comparative analysis of VMT genes/proteins in selected plant species with emphasis on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Sharma Hemant,Shayaba,Kumar Rahul,Kumar Jitendra,Bhadana Deepa,Batra Ritu,Singh Rakhi,Kumar Sachin,Roy Joy K,Balyan Harindra S.,Gupta Pushpendra K. 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.11

Background In recent years, the study of molecular basis of uptake, transport and utilization of grain Fe/Zn (GFe/GZn) in wheat has been an active area of research. As a result, it has been shown that a number of transporters are involved in uptake and transport of Fe. In a recent study, knockout of a transporter gene OsVMT (VACUOLAR MUGINEIC ACID TRANSPORTER) in rice was shown to be involved in Fe homoeostasis. Objective In this study, we analysed VMT genes among six monocots and three dicots with major emphasis on wheat VMT genes (TaVMTs), taking OsVMT gene as a reference. Methods and results Using OsVMT gene as a reference, VMT genes were identified and sequence similarities were examined among six monocots and three dicots. Each VMT protein carried one functional domain and 7 to 10 distinct motifs (including 9 novel motifs). The qRT-PCR analysis showed differential expression by all the six TaVMT genes in pairs of contrasting wheat genotypes with high (FAR4 and WB02) and low (K8027 and HD3226) GFe/GZn at two different grain filling stages (14 DAA and 28 DAA). TaVMT1 genes showed up-regulation in high GFe/Zn genotypes relative to low GFe/Zn genotypes, whereas the TaVMT2 genes showed down-regulation or nonsignificant up-regulation in a few cases. Conclusions At 14 DAA, each of the six TaVMT genes exhibited higher expression in wheat genotypes with high GFe and GZn relative to those with low GFe and GZn, suggesting major role of VMT genes in improvement of grain Fe/Zn homoeostasis, thus making TaVMT genes useful for improvement in Fe/Zn in wheat grains.

A Highly Sensitive Immunosensor Based on In Situ Reduced Gold-Chitosan Nanocomposite for Detection of Monosodium L-glutamate

Sharma Devdutt,Devi Rashmita,Jaiswal Juhi,Dutta Hemant Sankar,Khan Raju,Dhayal Marshal 한국농업기계학회 2022 바이오시스템공학 Vol.47 No.1

Composite of gold nanoparticles (GNP) with chitosan (CS) was synthesized through in situ reduction process enabling uniform distribution of the metal-polymer network. The composite material was coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to enhance functionalization capability and charge transportation. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed an average diameter of GNP ~ 15 nm, whereas UV-Vis spectra showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks in the range of 520 to 570 nm. XRD spectra of CS-GNP composite film showed a distinct diffraction peak at 38.4° of 2θ value, confirming the face-centered cubic structure of GNP. The interaction of GNP with functional moieties of CS reduces the structural stability of their network. The coating of GNP incorporated CS on GCE enhanced current in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. This electrode was functionalizedwith NHS-EDC for attaining a higher degree of rabbit antiglutamate antibodies immobilization. Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) detection in electrolyte was quantified by measuring a decrease in peak current of DPV due to their interaction with antibodies at the surface of the working electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement also showed a relative increase in impedance with an increase in MSG concentration. The biosensor showed a linear response from 100 pM to 1 μM with a detection sensitivity of the order of ~102 μA/nM.

Intravesical Migration of an Intrauterine Contraceptive Device with Secondary Calculus Formation

Amit Sharma,Mukund Andankar,Hemant Pathak 대한가정의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.38 No.3

Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are a common form of reversible contraception owing to fewer system-ic side effects and low cost, especially in a developing country like India. However, IUCDs are not without compli-cations. Migration of a device into adjacent organs is the most morbid of all the documented complications. A pa-tient who presents with a history that suggests loss or disappearance of an IUCD thread associated with urinary symptoms should raise suspicions that a device may have migrated into the bladder. Physicians should also be aware of possible secondary vesical calculus formation. Further radiological investigations and appropriate man-agement are warranted. We present a case report describing the migration of an IUCD into the bladder with sec-ondary calculus formation.

Aerodynamics of tapered and set-back buildings using Detached-eddy simulation

Ashutosh Sharma,Hemant Mittal,Ajay Gairola 한국풍공학회 2019 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.29 No.2

The tapered and set-back type of unconventional designs have been used earlier in many buildings. These shapes are aerodynamically efficient and offer a significant amount of damping against wind-induced forces and excitations. Various studies have been conducted on these shapes earlier. The present study adopts a hybrid approach of turbulence modelling i.e., Detached-eddy Simulation (DES) to investigate the effect of height modified tapered and set-back buildings on aerodynamic forces and their sensitivity towards pressure. The modifications in the flow field around the building models are also investigated and discussed. Three tapering ratios (T.R.= (Bottom width- Top width)/Height) i.e., 5%, 10%, 15% are considered for tapered and set-back buildings. The results show that, mean and RMS along-wind and across-wind forces are reduced significantly for the aerodynamically modified buildings. The extent of reduction in the forces increases as the taper ratio is increased, however, the set-back modifications are more worthwhile than tapered showing greater reduction in the forces. The pressure distribution on the surfaces of the buildings are analyzed and in the last section, the influence of the flow field on the forces is discussed.

Effects of zolpidem on sleep parameters in patients with cirrhosis and sleep disturbances: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Manoj Kumar Sharma,Sumeet Kainth,Sachin Kumar,Ankit Bhardwaj,Hemant Kumar Agarwal,Rakhi Maiwall,Kapil Dev Jamwal,Saggere Muralikrishna Shasthry,Ankur Jindal,Ashok Choudhary,Lovkesh Anand,Rajender Mal 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.2

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to study the efficacy and safety of zolpidem for sleep disturbances in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: Fifty-two Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class A or B cirrhotics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5 were randomized to either zolpidem 5 mg daily (n=26) or placebo (n=26) for 4 weeks. Results: The therapy of 4 weeks was completed by 23 patients receiving zolpidem (3 stopped treatment due to excessive daytime drowsiness) and 24 receiving placebo (2 refused to continue the study). In the zolpidem group, after 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant increase in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency compared to baseline and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance (i.e., decrease in sleep latency time, decrease in wake time, and decreases in number of arousals and periodic limbs movements per hour of sleep), without any significant change in sleep architecture. Conclusions: Four weeks of 5 mg daily zolpidem in CTP class A or B cirrhosis patients with insomnia led to significant increases in TST and sleep efficiency and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance without any significant change in sleep architecture.

Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment

Singh Ragini,Sharma Ayush,Saji Joel,Umapathi Akhela,Kumar Santosh,Daima Hemant Kumar 나노기술연구협의회 2022 Nano Convergence Vol.9 No.21

Innovations in nanomedicine has guided the improved outcomes for cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, frequent use of nanomaterials remains challenging due to specific limitations like non-targeted distribution causing low signal-to-noise ratio for diagnostics, complex fabrication, reduced-biocompatibility, decreased photostability, and systemic toxicity of nanomaterials within the body. Thus, better nanomaterial-systems with controlled physicochemical and biological properties, form the need of the hour. In this context, smart nanomaterials serve as promising solution, as they can be activated under specific exogenous or endogenous stimuli such as pH, temperature, enzymes, or a particular biological molecule. The properties of smart nanomaterials make them ideal candidates for various applications like biosensors, controlled drug release, and treatment of various diseases. Recently, smart nanomaterial-based cancer theranostic approaches have been developed, and they are displaying better selectivity and sensitivity with reduced side-effects in comparison to conventional methods. In cancer therapy, the smart nanomaterials-system only activates in response to tumor microenvironment (TME) and remains in deactivated state in normal cells, which further reduces the side-effects and systemic toxicities. Thus, the present review aims to describe the stimulus-based classification of smart nanomaterials, tumor microenvironment-responsive behaviour, and their up-to-date applications in cancer theranostics. Besides, present review addresses the development of various smart nanomaterials and their advantages for diagnosing and treating cancer. Here, we also discuss about the drug targeting and sustained drug release from nanocarriers, and different types of nanomaterials which have been engineered for this intent. Additionally, the present challenges and prospects of nanomaterials in effective cancer diagnosis and therapeutics have been discussed.

The Conundrum of Obesity and Gastroparesis Hospitalizations: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis of Hospitalization Characteristics and Disparities Amongst Socioeconomic and Racial Backgrounds in the United States

Dushyant S Dahiya,Sumant Inamdar,Abhilash Perisetti,Hemant Goyal,Amandeep Singh,Rajat Garg,Chin-I Cheng,Asim Kichloo,Mohammad Al-Haddad,Neil Sharma 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.4

Background/Aims We aim to assess the influence of obesity on gastroparesis (GP) hospitalizations in the United States (US). Methods The National Inpatient Sample was analyzed from 2007-2017 to identify all adult hospitalizations with a primary discharge diagnosis of GP. They were subdivided based on the presence or absence of obesity (body mass index > 30). Hospitalization characteristics, procedural differences, all-cause inpatient mortality, mean length of stay (LOS), and mean total hospital charge (THC) were identified and compared. Results From 2007-2017, there were 140 293 obese GP hospitalizations accounting for 13.75% of all GP hospitalizations in the US. Obese GP hospitalizations were predominantly female (76.11% vs 64.36%, P < 0.001) and slightly older (51.9 years vs 50.8 years, P < 0.001) compared to the non-obese cohort. Racial disparities were noted as Blacks (25.49% vs 22%, P < 0.001) had higher proportions of GP hospitalizations with obesity compared to the non-obese cohort. Furthermore, we noted higher rates of inpatient upper endoscopy utilization (6.05% vs 5.42%, P < 0.001), longer mean LOS (5.71 days vs 5.32 days, P < 0.001), and higher mean THC ($53 373 vs $45 040, P < 0.001) for obese GP hospitalizations compared to the non-obese group. However, obese GP hospitalizations had lower rates of inpatient mortality (0.92% vs 1.33%, P < 0.001), and need for nutritional support with endoscopic jejunostomy (0.25 vs 0.56%, P < 0.001) and total parenteral nutrition (1.46% vs 2.33%, P < 0.001) compared to the non-obese cohort. Conclusions In the US, compared to non-obese, a higher proportion of obese GP hospitalizations were female and Blacks. Obese GP hospitalizations also had higher THC, LOS, and rates of upper endoscopy.

Endoscopic versus surgical management for colonic volvulus hospitalizations in the United States

Dushyant Singh Dahiya,Abhilash Perisetti,Hemant Goyal,Sumant Inamdar,Amandeep Singh,Rajat Garg,Chin-I Cheng,Mohammad Al-Haddad,Madhusudhan R. Sanaka,Neil Sharma 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.3

Background/Aims: Colonic volvulus (CV), a common cause of bowel obstruction, often requires intervention. We aimed to identify hospitalization trends and CV outcomes in the United States. Methods: We used the National Inpatient Sample to identify all adult CV hospitalizations in the United States from 2007 to 2017. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and inpatient outcomes were highlighted. Outcomes of endoscopic and surgical management were compared. Results: From 2007 to 2017, there were 220,666 CV hospitalizations. CV-related hospitalizations increased from 17,888 in 2007 to 21,715 in 2017 (p<0.001). However, inpatient mortality decreased from 7.6% in 2007 to 6.2% in 2017 (p<0.001). Of all CV-related hospitalizations, 13,745 underwent endoscopic intervention, and 77,157 underwent surgery. Although the endoscopic cohort had patients with a higher Charlson comorbidity index, we noted lower inpatient mortality (6.1% vs. 7.0%, p<0.001), mean length of stay (8.3 vs. 11.8 days, p<0.001), and mean total healthcare charge ($68,126 vs. $106,703, p<0.001) compared to the surgical cohort. Male sex, increased Charlson comorbidity index scores, acute kidney injury, and malnutrition were associated with higher odds of inpatient mortality in patients with CV who underwent endoscopic management. Conclusions: Endoscopic intervention has lower inpatient mortality and is an excellent alternative to surgery for appropriately selected CV hospitalizations.