Effects of red ginseng on gut, microbiota, and brain in a mouse model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome

Seonhye Yu,Eunho Chun,Yeounjung Ji,Young Joo Lee,Mirim Jin 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.6

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, ischaracterized by chronic abdominal pain and bowel habit changes. Although diverse complicated etiologiesare involved in its pathogenesis, a dysregulated gutebrain axis may be an important factor. Redginseng (RG), a traditional herbal medicine, is proven to have anti-inflammatory effects and improvebrain function; however, these effects have not been investigated in IBS. Methods: Three-day intracolonic zymosan injections were used to induce post-infectious human IBS-likesymptoms in mice. The animals were randomized to receive either phosphate-buffered saline (CG) or RG(30/100/300 mg/kg) for 10 days. Amitriptyline and sulfasalazine were used as positive controls. Macroscopic scoring was performed on day 4. Visceral pain and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed bycolorectal distension and elevated plus maze and open field tests, respectively, on day 10. Nextgenerationsequencing of gut microbiota was performed, and biomarkers involved in gutebrain axisresponses were analyzed. Results: Compared to CG, RG significantly decreased the macroscopic score, frequency of visceral pain,and anxiety-like behavior in the IBS mice. These effects were comparable to those after sulfasalazine andamitriptyline treatments. Moreover, RG significantly increased the proliferation of beneficial microbes,including Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii. RG significantlysuppressed expression of IL-1b and c-fos in the gut and prefrontal cortex, respectively. Further, it restoredthe plasma levels of corticosterone to within the normal range, accompanied by an increase in adrenocorticotropichormone.

공립유치원 교사 임용후보자 선정 경쟁시험 교직논술 내용분석: 네트워크 분석을 중심으로

유선영 ( Yu¸ Sunyoung ),박선혜 ( Park¸ Seonhye ),조해연 ( Cho¸ Heayoun ) 미래유아교육학회 2021 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 네트워크 분석을 활용하여 공립유치원 교사 임용후보자 선정 경쟁시험 교직논술의 특성 및 경향성을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2001학년도부터 2021학년도까지 임용시험에 출제된 교직논술 문항을 분석대상으로 선정하였으며, 워드클라우드, 연결망 시각화, 빈도, 연결정도중앙성, 사이중앙성을 제시하고 주요 핵심 단어를 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 1기(2001-2008학년도)에는 교육, 2기(2009-2012학년도)와 3기(2013-2021학년도)에는 교사가 가장 중요한 단어로 나타났다. 1기에서는 교육, 학교, 학습과 관련된 주제에서 2기와 3기에서는 교사에 관련된 주제가 주로 출제되는 것으로 경향이 변화하였다. 교직논술 시험 문항이 교과학습지도와 관련성이 높으며, 이론과 지식을 복합적으로 통합한 형태로 출제되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 2001학년도부터 2021학년도까지 임용시험에서 등장 순위가 가장 높은 핵심 키워드 5개는 교사, 유아, 부모, 교육, 유치원이었다. 각각의 단어들은 매 시기별로 반복해 등장하지만, 연결된 단어들을 살펴보면 중점을 둔 방향이 서로 상이하다. ‘교육’ 중심 네트워크는 1기에서 가장 강조되었다가 상대적으로 점차 등장 빈도가 줄어들었고 3기에는 인성이 새롭게 등장하였다. ‘교사’는 2ㆍ3기로 갈수록 빈번하게 출제되는 경향으로 변화하였고, 3기에서는 교사를 중심으로 부모, 유치원, 유아, 교육, 상담 등 단어가 제시되는 등 교사 전문성 향상 관련 단어들이 나타나 교육 현장에서 경험할 상황이 출제되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 교직논술 시험이 현장을 토대로 고차원적이고 창의적 사고를 평가하는 방향으로 개선이 필요하다는 시사점을 얻었다. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and trends of the essay type kindergarten teacher appointment examination questions using network analysis. For this purpose, this study used the essay type examination questions that were carried out from the year of 2001 to 2021. The text network analysis was used for investigate the key words, work clouds, frequency, degree centrality, and between centrality. The results were as follows. First, the main key word in the first term(from the year of 2001 to 2008) is ‘education’. The main key words in the second term(from the year of 2009 to 2012) and third term(from the year of 2013-2021) are ‘teacher’. The topics in the first term was related to education, school, and learning and most of the essay questions in the second and third term were related to teacher. Second, the top frequency key words from the year of 2001 to 2021 were teacher, children, parents, education, and kindergarten. The ‘education’ centered network was most emphasized in the first term, but the frequency of its appearance gradually decreased, and the ‘personality’ newly appeared in the third term. The ‘teacher’ appeared frequently in the second and third term, and the words related to improving teacher professionalism were presented in the third term. Through these results, it was suggested that the essay questions need to improve in the direction of evaluating higher and creative thinking based on the education field.

미국(NAEYC)과 한국 유아교육기관 평가의 부모참여 비교 연구

유선영(Yu, Sunyoung),박선혜(Park, Seonhye),조해연(Cho, Heayoun) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2017 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.9

본 연구의 목적은 미국 NAEYC의 부모관련 영역 및 부모 참여 형태를 우리나라유치원, 어린이집 평가와 비교 분석하여 평가지표 발달에 도움이 되는 시사점을 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위해 현재 시행되고 있는 미국 NAEYC 평가인증, 유치원 평가, 어린이집 평가인증 중 부모관련 영역 지표가 제시되어 있는 온·오프라인 문서를 대상으로 내용분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과 우리나라 평가에 비해 미국 NAEYC의 평가는 구체적이고 세부적인 지침을 마련하여 보다 적극적으로 부모 및 가족을 참여시켰 다. 또한 NAEYC는 평가 항목에 의무적으로 부모 설문지를 포함하여 부모가 평가에 참여하게 하고 평가 결과를 상세히 공개하고 있다. 반면 우리나라 유치원과 어린이집 평가의 경우 부모 참여 형태가 제한되고 부분적으로 축소되고 있는 실정이다. 부 모 참여가 문서상 형식적인 형태가 아닌 기관과 가정이 협력하여 유아교육기관의 질을 높이려는 노력을 확인하는 방안으로 활용되어야 한다. 미국 NAEYC 평가인증 지표의 부모관련 내용과 부모참여 형태를 우리나라 실정에 맞게 차용하여 부모만족도 조사를 강화하는 것을 정책적 시사점으로 제안한다. Major transitions related to the evaluation and accreditation of early childhood institutions have recently occurred in Korea. Such changes relate to the integrated evaluation of kindergarten and child care centers. It has been 10 years since the evaluation of the early childhood institution, and now is a good time to revisit the existing evaluation indicators. Early childhood institutions have expanded quantitatively as a result of government-initiated policies; hence, parents are now able to choose the suitable institution from among a wide range of selections. Furthermore, building positive relationships among institutions and families has a positive influence on the children and the quality of the programs themselves. Hence, identifying how parents participate in the evaluation of early childhood institutions is necessary. In relation to this, the purpose of this study was to provide suggestions to improve the Korean national evaluation criteria through a comparison and analysis of parents’ participation as an evaluation indicator in the NAEYC in the US and in Korean kindergarten and child care centers. For the study, resources like official government documents and web-based contents related to parents’ participation as an evaluation indicator were collected from Websites. As a result, the NAEYC provides detailed guidance to parents and families as part of evaluation indicators to determine parents’ active participation and involvement. It is a required part of an evaluation process tool. The results of the survey were used to check and verify the quality of the institution being evaluated. In order to carry out the proper evaluation of Korean kindergarten and child care centers, authorities should consider parents’ participation and how they experience the improvements. Furthermore, providing the indicators to check out the cooperation of institutions and families towards the common goal of quality improvement is also important. The study suggests that more active parents’ participation, which can be solicited through detailed surveys, should be required in the evaluation process of Korean kindergarten and child care centers.

Teachers’ Changing Perceptions of Transitions in the Infant Classroom through Learning Community Activities

Heayoun Cho,Seonhye Park,Sunyoung Yu The Pacific Early Childhood Education Research Ass 2022 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.16 No.2

This study aimed to examine teachers’ changes for transition, which takes place in the process of participation in learning communities by infant daycare teachers. The participants were four teachers in charge of the 1-year-old and 2-year-old classrooms at the daycare center. Learning community activities were implemented for them, and one expert participated in cooperative consulting. The data collected during the learning community process were qualitatively examined. The analysis showed that infant teachers changed their perceptions, practice, and emotions about transition through learning community activities. The following four categories were derived: a change in perception from passing time to meaningful time; an emotional shift from a time of waiting and boredom to a time of pleasure and freedom; a change in practice from teacher-led time to infant-respecting time; and starting from a sense of burden and fear and arriving at sharing and growing together. Further, the study shed new light on the fact that reflectively looking back on transitions in terms of curriculum operation while experiencing the benefits of reflective thinking and group intelligence through consulting with a learning community marks a critical period in that transition time and affects infants.

영유아교사 양성과정 교재에 수록된 전이 관련 키워드 네트워크 분석

조해연(Cho, Heayoun),박선혜(Park, Seonhye),유선영(Yu, Sunyoung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.21

목적 본 연구는 영유아교사 양성과정 교재에 수록된 전이 관련 핵심 키워드를 추출하여 관련성을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법 이를 위하여 2011-2019년 출판된 대학 교재 중 ‘전이’와 관련된 내용이 기술되어 있는 영유아교육 관련 도서 49권을 최종 분석대상으로 선정하였으며, ‘전이’ 키워드가 포함된 텍스트를 추출하여 워드클라우드, 연결망, 시각화, 연결정도중앙성, 사이중앙성을 제시하고 ‘전이’ 관련 단어의 중요도를 분석하였다. 결과 네트워크 분석 결과, ‘전이’ 키워드가 포함된 텍스트에서 활동이 가장 중요한 단어로 나타났고 다음으로 시간, 유아, 전이활동, 사후, 계획, 교사, 사전, 놀이, 정리정돈 등의 중요한 단어로 나타났다. 결론 영유아교사 양성과정 교재에서 소개되는 ‘전이’의 내용이 편중되어 나타났다. 영유아교육기관에서의 전이에 대한 개념이 재정립될 필요가 있으며, 교재 내용 구성에 있어 이론과 실제가 균형을 이루도록 집필되어 예비유아교사에게 실질적 도움을 주어야 할 것이다. 또한 전이에 대해 영아와 유아의 발달차를 고려하지 않고 유사하게 설명되고 있어 영유아발달 특성을 고려하여 차별화된 안내가 필요할 것이다. 분석 결과, 전이는 주로 교사의 원활한 일과 운영에 초점을 두어 설명되고 있었으므로 향후 영유아 중심의 전이로 전환을 제안한다. Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the relevance by extracting the keywords related to transition contained in textbooks for the early childhood teacher training course. Methods For this purpose, texts containing the keyword ‘transition’ in the textbooks published in 2011-2019 were extracted and used as analysis data, and the results were derived through text network analysis. Results As a result of network analysis, ‘activity’ appeared as the most important word in texts containing the keyword ‘transition’, followed by time, children, transition activity, post, plan, teacher, pre, play, and clean-up time. Conclusions The contents of ‘transition’ introduced in the textbooks for the early childhood teacher training course was found to be biased. The concepts of transition in early childhood education institutions needs to be re-established. The textbooks should be written in such a way that theory and practice are balanced, so that it should provide practical help to pre-service early childhood teachers. In addition, since the textbooks describe ‘transition’ similarly without considering the developmental difference between infants and young children, differentiated guidance will be needed in consideration of the developmental characteristics of infants and young children. As a result of the analysis, ‘transition’ was mainly explained by focusing on operating the smooth daily routine for teachers, so it was suggested that ‘transition’ needs to be explained with a focus on infants and young children in the future.

Keyword Network Analysis of Research Articles in the Asia-Pacific Journal of Research in Early Childhood Education : Research Trends From 2007 to 2021

Soonhwan Kim,Heayoun Cho,Sunyoung Yu,Seonhye Park The Pacific Early Childhood Education Research Ass 2022 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.16 No.3

This study aimed to explore changes in research articles published in the Asia-Pacific Journal of Research in Early Childhood Education (APJRECE) over time. To that end, keyword network analysis was conducted on a total of 244 research articles published in the journal during the 15-year period (both overall and in 5-year increments) from 2007 to 2021. The following results were obtained: first, discussions on common, important topics in early childhood education were held continuously and changes in keyword trends were observable within each of the different 5-year periods. Second, although APJRECE articles initially focused on qualitative studies, a balance of quantitative and qualitative research with some mixed-method papers and literature reviews was eventually attained. Third, an analysis of APJRECE articles by region revealed that the journal included studies from diverse locations, including East Asia, Southeast Asia, Oceania, North America, Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. These results confirm that APJRECE functions well as an international journal and that it provides a platform for academic exchange. Additionally, the results indicate that it has addressed and considered a wide range of topics and issues in early childhood education over time.

고강도택트교수(Intensive Tact Instruction)가 언어지연과 발달 장애를 보이는 학령전기 아동의 네이밍능력 발달에 미치는 영향

박혜숙(Park, Hyesuk),최에스터(Choi, Esther),유은혜(Yu, Eunhye),강보름(Kang, Boreum),김승주(Kim, Seungju),강지수(Kang, Jisoo),유연희(Yu, Yeunhui),김선혜(Kim, SeonHye) 한국행동분석학회 2020 행동분석․지원연구 Vol.7 No.2

이 연구는 고강도택트교수(Intensive Tact Instruction)가 언어지연을 동반한 발달장애를 보이는 학령전기 아동들의 네이밍능력 발달에 미치는 영향을 점검하였다. 네이밍 능력은 직접적인 교수 이력 없이 우발적으로 청자 반응과 화자 반응을 습득하는 능력이다. 대도시 소재 행동 분석적 조기 중재가 제공되는 사설 기관에서 연구가 진행되었고 3세에서 4세의 남녀 아동 다섯 명이 참가하였다. 고강도택트교수 절차가 실시되기 전에 기초선 청자네이밍, 화자네이밍이 자극 세트1, 세트2, 세트3으로 점검되었다. 대부분의 참여아동이 청자네이밍을 보였으나 향상이 필요하였고, 화자네이밍은 보이지 않거나 낮은 반응률을 보였다. 고강도택트교수 절차를 통해 하루에 추가적으로 80시도(trial)의 택트 교수가 제공되었다. 중재 후 기초선에서 사용되었던 자극인 세트1, 세트2, 세트3로 다시 네이밍 반응이 점검되었고 모든 아동들에게서 청자네이밍이 향상되었고, 화자네이밍이 형성되어 양방향네이밍이 유도되었다. 새로운 자극인 세트 9, 세트10을 이용하여 일반화된 네이밍 반응이 측정되었고 모든 참여아동이 청자, 화자네이밍 반응을 보였다. The present study tested effects of Intensive Tact Instruction on development of Naming capabilities in preschoolers with language delays and developmental delays. Naming defines as a capability which enable children learn to point as a listener response or learn to tact as speaker response without direct instruction history. We call these responses as a listener Naming or speaker Naming. During the baseline phase, listener Naming capability and speaker Naming capability were probed with Set 1, Set 2, Set 3. All of the participants showed some listener Naming responses. showed lower level of responses as speaker Naming Participant C and Participant E didn’t show speaker Naming and the others showed lower level of speaker Naming responses. During the Intensive Tact Instruction, 86 tact instruction trials were provided in addtion to regular daily instruction trials using 5 stimulus sets, Set 4, Set 5, Set 6, Set 7, Set 8. The Instruction completed when participants reached to preset criterion. Post intevention Naming probe were conducted using the same stimulus sets, Set 1, Set 2, Set 3 as the one used during the baseline probes. Listener Naming responses and speaker Naming responses were imporved significantly in Participant A, Participant B, Participant D. Speaker Naming capabilities were emerged In Participant C and Participant E with the intervention. All of the participants showed some generalized Naming responses with two novel sets of stimuli. The results were discussed in terms of emergences of Naming and prerequisite responses required for implementation of the intensive tact Instruction procedure.