Anticonvulsant potential of callus cultures of Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb.

Sayeed Ahmad,Rasheed-uz Zafar,Mohd Shahid 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2007 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.7 No.1

Callus cultures of Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb. was induced on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid, 6-benzyl adenine, indole acetic acid and kinetin (1 ppm each). Methanolic extracts of whole plant, leaf, stem and leaf and stem calli were tested for anticonvulsant activity against standard drug phenytoin using maximal electroshock model on mice. It was observed that the animals treated with methanolic extracts of stem callus, leaf callus and whole plant (200 mg/kg, oral) showed significant protection against tonic convulsions induced by transcorneal electroshock. Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract of stem callus was comparable to that of standard drug phenytoin.

Anticonvulsant potential of callus cultures of Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb.

Ahmad, Sayeed,Zafar, Rasheed-Uz,Shahid, Mohd Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2007 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.7 No.1

Callus cultures of Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb. was induced on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid, 6-benzyl adenine, indole acetic acid and kinetin (1 ppm each). Methanolic extracts of whole plant, leaf, stem and leaf and stem calli were tested for anticonvulsant activity against standard drug phenytoin using maximal electroshock model on mice. It was observed that the animals treated with methanolic extracts of stem callus, leaf callus and whole plant (200 mg/kg, oral) showed significant protection against tonic convulsions induced by transcorneal electroshock. Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract of stem callus was comparable to that of standard drug phenytoin.

The roles of growth factors and hormones in the regulation of muscle satellite cells for cultured meat production

SYED SAYEED AHMAD,천희진,Khurshid Ahmad,Sibhghatulla Shaikh,임정호,샤히드알리,한성수,허선진,JUNG-HOON SOHN,이은주,최인호 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.1

Cultured meat is a potential sustainable food generated by the in vitro myogenesis of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs). The self-renewal and differentiation properties of MSCs are of primary interest for cultured meat production. MSC proliferation and differentiation are influenced by a variety of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF- 2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factors (FGF-2 and FGF-21), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and by hormones like insulin, testosterone, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones. In this review, we investigated the roles of growth factors and hormones during cultured meat production because these factors provide signals for MSC growth and structural stability. The aim of this article is to provide the important idea about different growth factors such as FGF (enhance the cell proliferation and differentiation), IGF-1 (increase the number of myoblasts), PDGF (myoblast proliferation), TGF-β1 (muscle repair) and hormones such as insulin (cell survival and growth), testosterone (muscle fiber size), dexamethasone (myoblast proliferation and differentiation), and thyroid hormones (amount and diameter of muscle fibers and determine the usual pattern of fiber distributions) as media components during myogenesis for cultured meat production.

Therapeutic applications of ginseng for skeletal muscle-related disorder management

Syed Sayeed Ahmad,Hee Jin Chun,Khurshid Ahmad,Inho Choi 고려인삼학회 2024 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.48 No.1

required to maintain body functions. Furthermore, the maintenance of SM is dependent on the activationof muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs) and the subsequent proliferation and fusion of differentiatingmyoblasts into mature myofibers (myogenesis). Natural compounds are being used as therapeutic optionsto promote SM regeneration during aging, muscle atrophy, sarcopenia, cachexia, or obesity. Inparticular, ginseng-derived compounds have been utilized in these contexts, though ginsenoside Rg1 ismostly used for SM mass management. These compounds primarily function by activating the Akt/mTORsignaling pathway, upregulating myogenin and MyoD to induce muscle hypertrophy, downregulatingatrophic factors (atrogin1, muscle ring-finger protein-1, myostatin, and mitochondrial reactive oxygenspecies production), and suppressing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cachexia. Ginsenoside compounds are also used for obesity management, and their antiobesityeffects are attributed to peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg) inhibition,AMPK activation, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation, and increased phosphorylations ofinsulin resistance (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and Akt. This review was undertaken toprovide an overview of the use of ginseng-related compounds for the management of SM-relateddisorders.

An overview of Acne Vulgaris (Busoor Labaniya)

Mehnaz, Mehnaz,Shamsi, Yasmeen,Akhtar, Md. Wasi,Zaidi, Sahar,Mohanty, Sujata,Ahmad, Sayeed Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2022 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.12 No.2

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition affecting the pilosebaceous units and having a multifactorial etiology. In Unani terminology, acne vulgaris is referred as Busoor Labaniya, characterized by white lesions on the face, nose, and cheeks; on squeezing, release cheesy material. In conventional medicine, mild cases are best addressed with topical regimens, but more severe cases require systemic medications. Retinoids (retinoic acid, adapalene, isotretinoin, tazarotene), benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin, and azelaic acid are a few examples of topical medications, whereas systemic drugs include antibiotics (Doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, azithromycin). In the Unani System of Medicine, numerous single and compound drugs have been used to treat Busoor Labaniya. These drugs are considered harmless and do not have any major side effects. In Unani system of medicine, acne vulgaris is effectively managed with natural medicines as well as therapeutic regimens with minimal side effects even after long-term usage. Acne vulgaris is usually treated with systemic blood purifiers along with topical Unani drugs. Hence, clinical studies with proper scientific parameters are needed to be conducted to establish and validate their efficacy in the prevention and control of acne vulgaris.

Amenability of Indigenous Genotypes of Cabbage to Scavenge and Accumulate Nitrogen: Importance of Staggered Application and Root Morphology

Peer Saffeullah,Saima Liaqat,Neelofer Nabi,Tinu Anand Kain,Tariq Omar Siddiqi,Sayeed Ahmad,Shahid Umar 한국식물학회 2020 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.63 No.6

Injudicious use of chemical fertilizers particularly nitrogen to crops has increased dramatically in the last half-century and, therefore, identifying crop varieties with improved nitrogen efficiency is urgent for sustainable development. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to screen the intrinsic nitrogen efficiency of eleven cabbage genotypes on the basis of various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters related to nitrogen metabolism. High genotypic variation was found in nitrogen metabolizing enzymes. A significant variation in nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity was found between contrasting (low and high) nitrogen efficient genotypes in all the nitrogen treatments. The experimental data were subjected to Principal component analysis and Agglomerate hierarchical clustering. Based on the data, Early Golden Acre and Pusa Drumhead were screened as low and high nitrogen efficiency genotypes respectively. Our study identifies low and high nitrogen efficient genotypes in cabbage which can be used in breeding programs and could help in addressing the problem of nitrate pollution in the environment and also could lessen the economic burden of fertilizers on farmers.

Eugenia jambolana Pretreatment Prevents Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Damage in Rats: Evidence from Biochemical, Molecular, and Histopathological Studies

Santosh Kumar Shukla,Suman Bala Sharma,Usha Rani Singh,Sayeed Ahmad,Ankur Maheshwari,Manmohan Misro,Shridhar Dwivedi 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.2

Preventive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of fruit pulp of Eugenia jambolana (HEEJ) on isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial damage in rats were evaluated. Rats were pre-treated with HEEJ (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) daily for 30 days. ISP (85 mg/kg bw) was administered on the 28th and 29th days at an interval of 24 h. Ischemic control group exhibited significant increases in oxidative stress parameters, markers of inflammation, cardiac damage markers, and apoptotic markers. Oral pre-treatment with HEEJ (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw) provided cardioprotective activity by decreasing levels of malondialdehyde, cardiac markers (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, creatine kinase-myocardial band, cardiac troponin I), and markers of inflammation (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor alpha); and increased levels of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione. HEEJ (400 mg/kg bw) was found to exert significantly greater effects in comparison to HEEJ (100 and 200 mg/kg bw). Apoptotic marker Bcl-2 was increased, while Bax was decreased in pretreated rats, which was further confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. The present study provides evidence that pre-treatment with HEEJ attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis and improves cardiac architecture in ISP-induced rats and, hence, is cardioprotective.

Effects of Silymarin Nanoemulsion against Carbon Tetrachlorideinduced Hepatic Damage

Rabea Parveen,Sanjula Baboota,Javed Ali,Alka Ahuja,Suruchi S. Vasudev,Sayeed Ahmad 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.5

Silymarin is a complex mixture of four flavonolignan isomers (silybin, isosilybin, silydianin and silychristin) obtained from ‘milk thistle’ (Silybum marianum). This plant compound is used almost exclusively for hepatoprotection. Because of its low and poor oral bioavailability,silymarin was formulated as a nanoemulsion to increase its solubility (and so its oral bioavailability) as well as therapeutic activity. The present study assessed the hepatoprotective activity on Wistar rats by determining biochemical parameters and histopathological properties of the nanoemulsion formulation of silymarin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase; antioxidative defence markers (concentration of reduced glutathione); oxidative stress parameter (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and liver histopathology. The nanoemulsion-treated group showed significant decreases in glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphotase, total bilirubin and tissue lipid peroxides and increased total protein, albumin, globulin and tissue glutathione as compared to toxicant. The results indicate an excellent potential of the nanoemulsion formulation for the reversal of CCl_4-induced liver toxicity in rats as compared to standard silymarin.