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Blocking mechanism of PES membrane during ultrafiltration of POME
Muhammad Said,Akil Ahmad,Abdul Wahab Mohammad,Mohd Tusirin Mohd Nor,Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1
Ultrafiltration (UF) is one of the options for secondary treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). However, membrane fouling is still amajor problemin this process. The effects of pressure, temperature,pH and ionic strength on flux decline were further studied using Hermia’s model. It was found thatstandard blocking, cake layer, and intermediate blocking can be dominant mechanisms depending onthe operating conditions. The rejections of some parameters were also investigated. The optimumconditions were found to be 5 bars, 40 8C and pH of 9.05. Hydrophobicity of the membrane can alsoinfluence the percentage rejection of parameters.
Investigating the Public Spending and Economical Growth on the Poverty Reduction in Indonesia
Said Muhammad,T. Zulham,Diana Sapha,Fitriyani,Jumadil Saputra 대한산업공학회 2019 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.18 No.3
Poverty and income inequality are being one of the most challenging issues in many developing countries, including Indonesia. Considering the higher level of the poverty rate in Indonesia, the study about poverty reduction is crucial and currently under discussion in previous studies. Thus, this study is written to examine what is education and health budgets could be reducing the poverty rate in Indonesia. The study utilizes annual data gathered from the Central Bureau of Statistics over the 2007–2017 period and analyzed using panel data by assisting the Eviews-10. The empirical result finds that the budget allocated for education and health significantly reduce the poverty rate in Indonesia. Therefore, it is suggested that to further reduce the poverty level, the government should allocate more budget of education and health for the poor and there is a need to monitor the public service performance with the aim the allocation of expenditure can be more efficient and effective. Besides, it is necessary to increase the number of pro-poor programs such as free public health and education insurance to fulfill the basic needs of the poor.
Sayed Yusoff Syed Hussain,Wee Hoe Tan,Muhammad Zaffwan Idris 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.9 No.11
This paper presents a game-based learning study in Malaysia in which a game has been designed for remedial Mathematics students at primary school level. Mathematics is a core subject taught in all primary schools in Malaysia. However, for students who are recognized as weak in Mathematics, teachers use remedial modules supplied by the Ministry of Education in teaching and learning activities. A research study has been initiated to propose digital game-based learning for the remedial students, aiming to enhance the effectiveness of the modules. A prototype game is designed to be playable on tablet computers. The game contains lessons under the title of Whole Numbers: Addition in Year Two syllabus. This paper reveals the concepts and rationale behind the study and the game design. The research plan is also included to justify the ecological validity of the study.
Muhammad Bilal Khan,강문수,Shah Sayed Chhattan,강신각 한국전자통신연구원 2014 ETRI Journal Vol.36 No.3
To achieve high-speed (giga-bit) connectivity for shortrangewireless multimedia applications, the millimeterwave(mmWave) wireless personal area networks withdirectional antennas are gaining increased interest. Due tothe use of directional antennas and mmWavecommunications, the probability of non-interferingtransmissions increases in a localized region. Networkthroughput can be increased immensely by the concurrenttime allocation of non-interfering transmissions. Theproblem of finding optimum time allocation for concurrenttransmissions is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, wepropose two enhanced versions of previously proposedmulti-hop concurrent transmission (MHCT) schemes. Toincrease network capacity, the proposed schemes efficientlymake use of the free holes in the time-allocation map of theMHCT scheme; thus, making it more compact.
The effect of microfinance on women’s empowerment : Evidence from Malaysia
Sayed Samer Ali AL-SHAMI,Muhammad M. RAZALI,Izaidin MAJID,Ahmed ROZELAN,Nurulizwa RASHID 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2016 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.22 No.3
Microfinance is widely known as a financial development tool for those deprived of access to financial services, especially women. However, the literature provides conflicting evidence and shows that women’s empowerment may not, or may only be partially achieved through microcredit, especially in Muslim societies. This study seeks to scrutinize the effect of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM), a microcredit institution, on Malay Muslim women in an urban area. A quasi-experimental method was used to conduct a cross sectional survey of 500 old and new clients. Informal semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 current clients who had received microcredit two years earlier. The findings show that AIM microcredit empowered the women and enhanced gender equality. It enabled women to access financial capital, form their micro- and smallbusinesses and obtain an income which helped them to contribute to household expenditure. Even though the effect of microcredit was partial, it provided them bargaining power for decision-making and controlling of resources and enhanced their self-esteem in their households and communities. Pembiayaan mikro secara meluasnya dikenali sebagai kaedah membangunkan mereka yang tidak diberi peluang akses perkhidmatan kewangan lain, khasnya di kalangan golongan wanita. Walau bagaimanapun, literatur kajian lampau telah mengemukakan bukti yang bercanggah di mana pembiayaan mikro kepada golongan wanita terutamanya mereka dalam masyarakat Islam mungkin tidak langsung atau mungkin sebahagiannya sahaja memberi kesan terhadap kejayaan mereka. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kesan Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) iaitu sebuah institusi pembiayaan mikro, di kalangan wanita Melayu Islam di kawasan bandar. Satu kaedah kuasieksperimen telah digunakan untuk menjalankan kajian terhadap 500 pelanggan lama dan baru pembiayaan mikro. Temubual informal separa berstruktur telah dijalankan bersama 20 pelanggan yang sedang menerima pembiayaan mikro dalam tempoh dua tahun sebelumnya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pembiayaan mikro AIM menjadikan wanita bertambah berjaya dan dapat menyumbang terhadap kesamarataan antara gender. Ia membolehkan mereka memperolehi modal, membentuk perniagaan mikro atau kecil dan seterusnya memperolehi pendapatan yang dapat membantu mereka untuk menyumbang kepada perbelanjaan isi rumah. Walaupun kesan pembiayaan mikro ini menyumbang kepada sebahagian sahaja peningkatan ini, namun ia dapat menyediakan mereka kuasa tawar-menawar untuk membuat keputusan, kawalan ke atas sumber dan meningkatkan keyakinan diri golongan ini.
STRONG CONVERGENCE OF NEW VISCOSITY RULES OF NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS
Muhammad Saeed Ahmad,Waqas Nazeer,Mobeen Munir,Sayed Fakhar Abbas Naqvi,강신민 한국전산응용수학회 2017 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.35 No.5
The aim of this paper is to present two new viscosity rules for nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces. Under some assumptions, the strong convergence theorems of the purposed new viscosity rules are proved. Some applications are also included.
Muhammad Naeem,Muhammad Kamran Jafri,Sayed S.R. Moustafa,Nassir S. AL-Arifi,Shazia Asim,Farhan Khan,Nisar Ahmed 한국지질과학협의회 2016 Geosciences Journal Vol.20 No.1
The Sinjhoro concession is prolific gas-producing block situated on the eastern limb of the Lower Indus Basin in Pakistan. It contains several development and production (D & P) leases, which are producing gas from Cretaceous rocks. The present study aimed to evaluate the structural and petrophysical properties of the Lower Goru Formation using a 2D seismic and well-driven integrated study. A seismic driven time structure map of the Lower Goru Formation was generated, which depicted horst and graben structures oriented predominantly in a NNW-SSE direction. These normal faults are deep seated and potentially provide a vertical primary migration pathway to hydrocarbon flow. A prospective lead of 20 ms was identified in the northwestern portion of the structural map, which could be explored further. Besides this, a RMS amplitude map was generated within the target reservoir level to show the general sand body distribution within the reservoir. Our study revealed that the reservoir quality sands are deposited in the eastern portion of the study area. The identified lead is also located on a fair to good level of sand body which is producing from the well drilled to the south of the prospective area. Additionally, it is strongly recommended to conduct an infill seismic survey over and around the newly identified prospect in order to validate its existence and aerial outspreads. Well correlation, petrophysical data logs (PDLs) and cross-plot techniques were adopted to predict the petrophysical properties of the reservoir level. During the petrophysical study, two prospective zone were identified, with Zone-II showing more promising results for hydrocarbon presence than Zone-I. The present research has shown that integration of seismic attributes with petrophysical calculations can help to identify new prospective leads even in cases where there is less seismic data coverage.
Incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer in Malaysia
Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan,Ibtisam Ismail,Mohd Azri Mohd Suan,Faizah Ahmad,Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim,Zabedah Othman,Rosaida Mat Said,Wei Leong Tan,Siti Rahmah @ Noor Syahireen Mohammed,Shahrul Aiman Soel 한국역학회 2016 Epidemiology and Health Vol.38 No.-
OBJECTIVES: This is the first study that estimates the incidence and mortality rate for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in Malaysia by sex and ethnicity. METHODS: The 4,501 patients were selected from National Cancer Patient Registry-Colorectal Cancer data. Patient survival status was cross-checked with the National Registration Department. The age-standardised rate (ASR) was calculated as the proportion of CRC cases (incidence) and deaths (mortality) from 2008 to 2013, weighted by the age structure of the population, as determined by the Department of Statistics Malaysia and the World Health Organization world standard population distribution. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate for CRC was 21.32 cases per 100,000. Those of Chinese ethnicity had the highest CRC incidence (27.35), followed by the Malay (18.95), and Indian (17.55) ethnicities. The ASR incidence rate of CRC was 1.33 times higher among males than females (24.16 and 18.14 per 100,000, respectively). The 2011 (44.7%) CRC deaths were recorded. The overall ASR of mortality was 9.79 cases, with 11.85 among the Chinese, followed by 9.56 among the Malays and 7.08 among the Indians. The ASR of mortality was 1.42 times higher among males (11.46) than females (8.05). CONCLUSIONS: CRC incidence and mortality is higher in males than females. Individuals of Chinese ethnicity have the highest incidence of CRC, followed by the Malay and Indian ethnicities. The same trends were observed for the age-standardised mortality rate.
GENERALIZED MILDLY NONLINEAR COMPLEMENTARITY PROBLEMS FOR FUZZY MAPPINGS
Al Said, Elsa-A.,Noor, Muhammad-Aslam 한국전산응용수학회 1998 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.5 No.3
In this paper we introduce and study a new class of gen-eralized mildly nonlinear complementarity problems for fuzzy map-pings. We use the change of variabes technique to establish the equivalence between the generalized mildly nonlinear complementar-ity problems and the Wiener-Hopf equations. This equivalence is used to suggest and analyze a number of iterative algorithm for solv-ing the generalized mildly nonlinear complemetarity problems.