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Crisp, Ryan W.,Pach, Gregory F.,Kurley, J. Matthew,France, Ryan M.,Reese, Matthew O.,Nanayakkara, Sanjini U.,MacLeod, Bradley A.,Talapin, Dmitri V.,Beard, Matthew C.,Luther, Joseph M. American Chemical Society 2017 Nano letters Vol.17 No.2
<P>We developed a monolithic CdTe–PbS tandem solar cell architecture in which both the CdTe and PbS absorber layers are solution-processed from nanocrystal inks. Due to their tunable nature, PbS quantum dots (QDs), with a controllable band gap between 0.4 and ∼1.6 eV, are a promising candidate for a bottom absorber layer in tandem photovoltaics. In the detailed balance limit, the ideal configuration of a CdTe (<I>E</I><SUB>g</SUB> = 1.5 eV)–PbS tandem structure assumes infinite thickness of the absorber layers and requires the PbS band gap to be 0.75 eV to theoretically achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 45%. However, modeling shows that by allowing the thickness of the CdTe layer to vary, a tandem with efficiency over 40% is achievable using bottom cell band gaps ranging from 0.68 and 1.16 eV. In a first step toward developing this technology, we explore CdTe–PbS tandem devices by developing a ZnTe–ZnO tunnel junction, which appropriately combines the two subcells in series. We examine the basic characteristics of the solar cells as a function of layer thickness and bottom-cell band gap and demonstrate open-circuit voltages in excess of 1.1 V with matched short circuit current density of 10 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> in prototype devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2017/nalefd.2017.17.issue-2/acs.nanolett.6b04423/production/images/medium/nl-2016-04423k_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl6b04423'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Finite-element modeling of a light-framed wood roof structure
Ryan B Jacklin,Ashraf A. El Damatty,Ahmed A. Dessouki 한국풍공학회 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.6
Past high speed wind events have exposed the vulnerability of the roof systems of existing light-framed wood structures to uplift loading, contributing greatly to economic and human loss. This paper further investigates the behaviour of light-framed wood structures under the uplift loading of a realistic pressure distribution. A three-dimensional finite-element model is first developed to capture the behaviour of a recently completed full-scale experiment. After describing the components used to develop the numerical model, a comparison between the numerical prediction and experimental results in terms of the deflected shape at the roof-to-wall connections is presented to gain confidence in the numerical model. The model is then used to analyze the behaviour of the truss system under realistic and equivalent uniform pressure distributions and to perform an assessment of the use of the tributary area method to calculate the withdrawal force acting on the roof-to-wall connections.
Ryan J. Lukeman,Leah F. Beveridge,Andrea D. Flynn,David J. Garbary 한국조류학회I 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.1
A mathematical model of the commercial harvest of Palmaria palmata (Dulse) is presented based on a logistic model and field data collected on Digby Neck, Nova Scotia from 14 harvested shores during May to August, 2010. Field observations used to estimate model parameters included cover of Dulse before and after harvest from Dulse dominated boulders for which surface area was estimated, and from which fresh biomass of harvested Dulse was weighed. Over all the surveys the average harvest fraction was about 50%, and the total resource was about 1,600 g m-2. With growth rates in excess of 4% per day and a 50% harvest of the standing crop each month, the model suggests that the Dulse resource is sustainable at current harvest levels.
Temperature Dependence of the Optical Properties of High-density GaAs Quantum Dots
Ryan P. Smith,김종수,이상준,노삼규,김진수,임재영,송진동 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.9
We investigate the effect of the quantum dot (QD) density on the thermal escape and the retrapping processes of carriers for unstrained GaAs/AlGaAs QDs through temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. We fabricated high-density GaAs QDs (8.4 ?10<sup>10</sup>/cm<sup>2</sup>, dot-dot distance ∼34 nm) on an Al<sub>0.3</sub>Ga<sub>0.7</sub>As/GaAs (111)A surface by using droplet epitaxy. The average lateral size and height of the GaAs QDs are 24 and 6 nm, respectively. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) studies show that high-density GaAs QDs undergo a sigmoidal-shape energy shift. The sigmoidal dependence of the PL peak energy can be explained by thermal escaping of carriers followed by re-trapping by QDs. Our analysis indicates that the re-trapping probability of thermally-escaped carriers increases with decreasing dot-to-dot distance (corresponding to an increase in the QD density).
Ryan De Sotto,Carl Medriano,Youngja Park,Sungpyo Kim 한국방재학회 2015 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.14 No.-
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment has led to apparent toxicity with different aquatic species. Clarithromycin, for example, is used in treating respiratory tract infections, has been recently found in the surface waters and rivers which might threaten non-targeted organisms in these matrices. In this study, a model vertebrate Danio rerio (zebrafish) was exposed to 100ppb clarithromycin for 72 hours to evaluate acute toxicity through significantly affected metabolic compounds in the fish’s pathway. Metabolites obtained from q-TOF LC/MS were identified and mapped with the zebrafish’s metabolic pathway using Metlin, and KEGG respectively. 335 compounds are believed to have been significantly altered by the acute exposure of the antibiotic with the fish. The most affected pathways are ABC transporters, steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. With the said findings, it can be concluded that, although concentration of some pharmaceuticals may be as low as the one used in this study, its effects on the aquatic species exposed to it might be significant and should be given immediate attention
Buddhist No-Self and Mindful Consumerism
Ryan Long 동국대학교 불교학술원 2007 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.8 No.-
Fundamental Buddhist concepts, such as interrelatedness, karma, and desire, readily tie into an ecologically sustainable perspective. These, and other Buddhist views and ideas, if integrated into daily life choices, have great potential for rectifying and enhancing human interactions with ecosystems and the universe as a whole. This paper is written in an attempt to investigate and encourage the role of Buddhists as mindful consumers through a two-fold synthesis. It incorporates the consideration of both Buddhist philosophy and ecological sustainability issues through academic literature review while illustrating the potential for active integration among the two areas of thought through the use of creative metaphor expansion and short fictional stories, in addition to more conventional academic style. It has been the attempt of the author to apply such a format for discussion without undermining the academic integrity of the paper and it is the hope of the author that such an approach will expedite a more thorough understanding of the topic.
Acting Towards a "True" Identity: The Many (Muted) Roles of Villette`s Lucy Snowe
( Ryan Crider ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2011 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.19 No.1
This paper examines the use of theatrical elements in Charlotte Bronte`s Villette. I argue that only through a series of decidedly theatrical narrative "performances" within the novel is Lucy Snowe, as both spectator and participant, able to emerge psychologically from the repression that initially dominates her character. In addition, contextualizing my own analysis within and extending upon a generation of existing research into the theatricality of Villette, I demonstrate the extent to which these performances and the "role" of independence Lucy eventually assumes reveal a subversive, feminist impulse behind the novel`s construction. The novel`s theatricality becomes coded to a predominantly feminist sentiment as Lucy learns to wield her performative powers. However, one must avoid a simple dichotomy between repression and performance. As John Kucich writes of Lucy`s narration, in a Victorian sense "expression and repression cooperate and enhance each other by being identically opposed to direct self-revelation." Kucich`s psychological approach to Lucy`s character and narrative performativity is fundamental to my argument. The works of other critics who have written specifically about theatricality in Bronte`s novels, including Joseph Litvak and Lisa Surridge, also help provide an important framework for my essay, particularly in the attention to prevailing Victorian attitudes toward the theatre.