ERROR ESTIMATES FOR THE FULLY DISCRETE STABILIZED GAUGE-UZAWA METHOD -PART I: THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

Pyo, Jae-Hong The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2013 한국수학논문집 Vol.21 No.2

The stabilized Gauge-Uzawa method (SGUM), which is a second order projection type algorithm to solve the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations, has been newly constructed in 2013 Pyo's paper. The accuracy of SGUM has been proved only for time discrete scheme in the same paper, but it is crucial to study for fully discrete scheme, because the numerical errors depend on discretizations for both space and time, and because discrete spaces between velocity and pressure can not be chosen arbitrary. In this paper, we find out properties of the fully discrete SGUM and estimate its errors and stability to solve the evolution Navier-Stokes equations. The main difficulty in this estimation arises from losing some cancellation laws due to failing divergence free condition of the discrete velocity function. This result will be extended to Boussinesq equations in the continuous research (part II) and is essential in the study of part II.

리황의 철학사상에 대하여

변정암 慶北大學校 退溪硏究所 2004 退溪學과 韓國文化 Vol.- No.35-2

퇴계 이황은 16세기의 대표적인 관념론철학자이다. 이황의 철학사상은 총체적으로 존재론과 의식론, 윤리설로 이루어져 있다. 우선 그의 존재론에서는 이를 운동능력을 가지고 스스로 운동하며 우주만물을 낳는 '능발능생'의 존재로 규정하면서, 그 위치를 상제의 높이에까지 끌어올려 '극존무대'의 절대적 존재로 정립하였다. 또한 이것에 기초하여 이일원론적 경향을 뚜렷이 하였는데, 이것은 그의 인식론에서도 명백히 나타나고 있다. 그는 인식주체와 인식대상의 원칙적이며 본질적인 구분을 부정하였는데, 이것은 인간의 인식과정은 본질에 있어서 자기의 본성 속에 이미 선천적으로 갖추어져 있는 이를 사물현상을 통하여 확인해보는 과정에 불과하다는 것이다. 더 나아가 사물현상에 대한 인식과정이 이 스스로의 자기 발현에 의한 자기 인식과정임을 명시하는 '이자도'설을 주장하였다. 이황은 윤리설 또한 이일원론에 기초하여 전개하였는데, 대표적인 것은 '주경(主敬)'론이다. '경'에는 두 개의 단계가 있는데, 첫 단계는 개개의 사물을 각각 전일하는 단계이고, 두 번째 단계는 하나에서 완전한 조화를 이루는 단계 즉. '물아통일'의 경지이다. 이처럼 '물아통일'을 '경'의 최고 이상경계로 세운 것은 '천리'에 부합되는 인간의 도덕적 완성의 필연성을 확증하자는데 있었다. Yi Hwang in the pen name Toe'gye, is the representative philosopher of idealism in the 16th century. His philosophy mainly consists of ontology, study of consciousness, and ethics. Considering reason (li) and energy (ki) as a unified unit, Yi Hwang denies the distinction between the subject of thinking and the object. According to his theory, a man cognizes phenomenon, availing his inborn ability to reason, which is called as the theory of Lijado.

아동의 또래지위와 우정의 질 및 친구간 갈등해결전략과의 관계

김표선,성영혜 숙명여자대학교 아동연구소 2004 兒童硏究 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study is to find to relationship among the children's peer status, friendship quality, and conflict resolution strategie in children's friendship. The object of this study were 417 children in 5th grade of elementary school in Seoul. The measuring instruments used for study were peer nomination developed by Coie and Dodge(1983), Friendship Quality Scale developed by Lee and Koh(1999) and a Scale on Friendship Conflict Resolution Strategies (Rhee, Koh & Oh, 2000). The Collected data was analyzed by SPSSWIN statistical program. The frequency and percentage were calculated to investigate the general characteristics of the subjects. One-Way analysis was performed to find relationship among the children's peer status, friendship quality Mutiple Regression was performend to find relationship among the children's peer status, friendship quality, and conflict resolution strategie in children's friendship. The major results of this study are as follows, First, concerning about peer status and friendship quality, pouplar group have a positive friendship but, rejected group have a conflictive friendship. Second, while popular group used various strategy in conflict resolution, neglected group used evasive strategy. Third, concerning about relation between quality of friendship and frienship conflict resolution strategy, while the group which has high degree of emotional stability, intimacy and human desire used negotiation, cooperation and concession strategy, the group with has low degree of cooperation and pleasure of friendship used evasion and away strategy. Fourth, concerning the effect of friendship quality according to peer status which influence conflict resolution strategy between friendship, each popular, average, rejected and neglected group gas different quality of friendship and according the lower factor of friendship quality, each group has different conflict resolution strategy. Therefore I suggest that according to the peer status, arbitration program should be selected with propriety.

風俗圖의 동아시아적 의미

鄭炳模 경주대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study is to define a traditional meaning of Pung sok To(風俗圖), East-Asia genre painting in the East-Asian sense, and put the study of genre painting of Choson dynasty in new perspective. This study attempts to 1) investigate the change in the meaning of Pung(風) which is the first and the important letter of Pung Sok To, and 2) review the meaning of Pung Sok To in the East-Asian sense. In the earlier time, Pung which means sind symbolized the gods ruing four directions, Pung was not only a natural phenomena, but also spiritual existence. Then Pung indicated the life of the ruled or local customs, it came to take on political meaning. The meaning is related to the hierarchy of feudalism. Pung Sok To first appeared in records of North-South dynasty of China. Since then the meanings of Pung Sok To are used as follows; ①A genre painting of he minority races in China ②A foreign genre painting ③A genre painting of the ruled. Traditionally in Korean and Japan the meaning was used in a similar way that was used in China, And This is different from the meaning of European Genre painting.

성통합 교육 관점에서 심리적 양성성 정체감에 관한 연구

이표상 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine if previous studies on socio- active adaptation of androgynous identity types is useful in an andocentric ROTC group environment specifically from the perspective of gender integration. For this purpose, participants were classified in four categories according to type of gender role identity of men and women, perception level of Physical Self-Efficacy Scales (PSES) by type and the differences in Physical Training Test Scores (PTTS) were analyzed. Participants in the current study include 172 volunteer undergraduate students (84 males and 86 females) participating as cadets in the Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets. The study found males PSES perceptions, masculinity and androgyny identity had higher perception levels than other types. Therefore, the first hypothesis, that the perception level on the PSES of the androgynous type is higher or the same that of the masculine type was supported for the male students. In the case of female students, it was shown that the perception level of the androgyny type was higher than that of other types. Therefore, the first hypothesis was also supported for female students. The difference of the males PTTS by the type of gender role identity was analyzed. The study found that masculine identity type scored higher than other types. Therefore, the second hypothesis, that the androgyny type will lead to better PTTS scores, was not supported for male students. In case of female students, differences were observed among the masculinity, femininity and unclassified types. The androgyny type was different from the femininity and unclassified type. However, the mean difference between the masculinity types was not observed. The second hypothesis was accepted for female students. An interesting similarity between the two types was considered to be the homogeneous group attributes between the two types. As a result, the researcher contends that both masculinity identity and androgyny identity will be useful psychological health index in an ROTC environment.

다발성 동맥류와 혈전증을 동반한 베체트병 1예

신표진,김장영,이승환,윤정한 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.8

韓國 假面劇의 男役

성병희 安東大學 1984 安東大學 論文集 Vol.6 No.1

An appropriate understanding of Korean masqus within the domain of fol Klore requires dual aspects in their evaluation: in terms of a folk art, and as means to appreciate the consciousness of masses, historical background, and the social structure in relevant ages. This paper was intended to classify and characterize the male entry in Korean masques. The numbers of male participants are: 17 men in Yang-chu pyolsandae Nori, 22 in song-`pa sandae Nori, 24 in pong-san Mask Dance. 16 in Kang-nyong Mask Dance, 17 in T`ong-yong O-kwangdae, 15 in Ko-song O-kwangdae, 24 in Kasan O-kwangdae, 9 in Su-yong Yaryu, 17 in Tong-nae Yaryu, and 6 in Hahoe pyolshin Marsk play. The social strata of all the male characters can be divided into the ruling class, the ruled class, and a group of people who are in neither. Typologically they can be classified as: a Budhist monk, a yangban, a patriarch, a Malttugi (usually taking pleasure in revealing the absurdity of yangbans), a Ch`wjbari (usually teasing the sinful monks), a p`odo-Taechang or a policenchief (representing the middle class and criticizing yangbans), and a Tokki or an axe (notorious for disobedience to its parents).

학교 체육과 생활 체육의 보완적 연계를 통한 중학교 체육과 교육과정의 효율적 운영 방안

이표상 한국학교체육학회 2004 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 학교 체육과 생활 체육의 상호보완적 연계를 통해 중학교 체육과 교육과정의 효율적 운영 방안들을 탐색하는 데 초점을 맞추어 관련 선행연구와 보고자료 및 참고문헌을 토대로 다음과 같은 방안을 모색하였다. 첫째, 학교 체육과 생활 체육 두 영역간의 양태에 따른 연계 방식에서 차별적, 통합적, 보완적 연계 방식 중, 현실적인 상황에서 보완적 연계 방식이 가장 바람직한 방안으로 생각된다. 둘째, 학교 체육은 '학교'와 '수업'의 테두리 내에서 교육적 이상의 한 부분에 '생활'과 '실용 중심적인 것'을 포용하는 방식의 변용이 필요하고, 생활 체육은 학교 밖의 울타리를 벗어나 '생활적인 점'을 부각하고 '외재적이고 실용적인 특징'에서 인성함양, 안목개발, 자아실현 등 학교체육의 내재적 가치를 달성하기 위해 사회교육의 성격을 가미한 변용이 필요하다. 셋째, 인접지 지역 생활 체육시설 이용에서 나타나는 문제점인 '이동상의 비용이성' 그리고 '비근접성' 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 지역 생활 체육시설뿐만 아니라 학사일정과 교과내용에 따라 대학 내의 체육시설 그리고 타 학교 체윽시설 활용 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다. 또한 이동수업시 예상되는 안전사고에 대한 문제는 현재 운영중인 학교 안전공제회의 법적 적용 범위가 확대되어 안전사고의 책임으로부터 보호받을 수 있도록 하여 창의적이고 의욕적인 교육활동이 위축되지 않도록 제도적 장치가 우선되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 넷째, 인접지 지역 생활 체육 자원을 적극 활용하기 위해서는 대안적 체육과 교육과정 운영에 따른 체육수업시간의 통합적 운영이 절대적으로 필요하다. 다섯째, 체육수업의 질적 향상을 제고하기 위해서는 연간프로그램의 계획과 실행에서 생활체육지도자와 공동 참여를 통해 수업시간의 협동적 운영, 학습자 관리, 지도내용과 교수 학습방법의 부문에서 유기적인 정보공유와 교류를 필요로 하며, 이와 같은 인적 자원 활용은 중학교 체육과 교육과정의 효율적 운영에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것이라 기대된다. This study focuses on making an efficient Programs for middle school physical education's curriculum through complementary connection of school physical education and life sports. With reference to related advance research, report and reference, this study designs the following plans in terms of conceptive plan for connection of school physical education to life sports and complement-enabled area in detail, based on curricular physical education class. First, among differential, integrated and complementary connection methods in accordance with pattern between school physical education and life sports, it is expected that complementary connection will be realistically desirable. Second, school physical education is required to include 'life' and 'practicality' in light of idealistic education within the scope of 'school' and 'class'. On the contrary, life sports need to add social education so as to place stress on 'life activity' out of school and search for internal values of school physical education, i.e., personality cultivation, insight development, self-realization out of `external and practical characteristics'. Third, in order to solve problems such as 'uneasy movement' and 'inaccessibility' that may occur when using athletic facilities in neighboring cities, campus athletic facilities as well as local athletic facilities should be available according to education schedule and it may be required to utilize athletic facilities at other universities. For problems about accidents that may occur during mobile class, it is necessary to extend legal scope of application of School Safety Fraternal Association currently in operation so as to protect from accidents and also required to create institutional frameworks to prevent creative and motivated education activities from being shrunk. Fourth, in order to make the best use of local athletic facilities in neighboring areas, it is required to manage physical education class according to alternative education and curriculum operation. Fifth, so as to increase the quality of physical education class, it is required to cooperatively operate class, manage learners, share and exchange information in the area of guidance, teaching method through joint participation of life sports leaders in annual programs. Such utilization of human resources in neighboring area is considered as important factor that may have positive effects upon the efficient operation of middle school physical education's curriculum.

興天寺 舍利殿과 石塔에 관한 연구 : 朝鮮初期 漢城의 塔婆 On Relic container-Wooden Edifice(舍利殿) and Stone Pagoda(舍利石塔) in Hungchoˇn-Sa(興天寺) temple

康炳喜 한국불교미술사학회 ( 구 한국미술사연구소 ) 2002 강좌미술사 Vol.19 No.-

Hu˘ngcho˘n-Sa temple was one of the characteristic temples of Early Choso˘n Period in Seoul Province. This temple was established in the sixth year of king Taejo(1398 A.D.) in memory of his dead queen. Wooden Building as a Relic container and Stone Pagoda in Hu˘ngcho˘n-Sa temple were completed in the first year of king Chungjong(1399 A.D.). they were made unusual from the traditional point of view. They are no longer existent but we can imagine their shape according to the literature(especially Sil-rok) on this subject and Buddhist fine arts. The former was supposed to be three-storied octagonal shape including the latter. The stone pagoda which was placed inside the building was so constructed as for those concerned to climb up and to open the door to see the sacred relics of Buddha. And those relics were sometimes moved to another place. As a conclusion, those facts implied very important meaning. Above a mentioned wooden edifice which was relic container octagonal multi-storied shape connected octagonal thirteen-storied Pohyo˘n-sa stone pagoda(普賢寺八角十三層石塔) built in the end of the Ko˘ryo˘ dynasty to multi-angled, multi-storied pagoda style of the early Choso˘n periond. In addition, other Buddhist fine arts spansored by king Taejo Lee Sung-gye- a relic container in 1390-1391 A.D. and monk pagoda of Muhag(無學) in 1397 A.D.- implied serious meaning. We are able to infer from those historical facts the style of Hu˘ngcho˘n-Sa temple edifece and the stone pagoda in it. Relic container excavated at Mt. Ku˘mgang(金剛山) is twofold. Outer one was the shape of octagonal wooden edifice and inner one was a Lamsism style pagoda. Also monk pagoda of Muhag is similar to Tibetan pagoda or to relic container in later Ko˘ryo˘ dynasty. During the later period, Ko˘ryo˘ dynasty came to maintain a close relationship with Yu¨an(元) China. So Buddhist arts of that period have the influences of Nepalese and Tibetan style. This same tendency is commonly found in Buddhist pagoda, in monk pagoda and in relic container. We can be sure that they effected each other in their style and shape. It is concluded that the stone pagoda of Hu˘ngcho˘n-Sa temple must be similar is those Nepalese and Tibetan style of monk pagoda of Muhag and relic container supported by king Taejo Lee Sung-gye. Monk pagoda of Muhag was another characteristic element. It was a surrounding balcony. The stone pagoda of Hu˘ngcho˘n-Sa temple is supposed to have the same surrounding balcony for those concerned to go up and down the pagoda. An important example of Nepalese and Tibetan style pagoda in early Choso˘n period is a relic stone pagoda in the east end of Ho˘eam-sa(檜巖寺) temple site. We do not know exactly who sponsored, when it was made, and what was its use yet. Also that temple was deeply concerned with monk Muhag and king Taejo Lee Sung-gye. When we think of the engraving and another art elements we can conclude the age and character of Hu˘ngcho˘n-Sa temple stone pagoda. The shape of stone Buddhist pagoda of Bongin-Sa(奉印寺) temple in 1619 A.D. is similar to that of monk pagoda of Muhag. So we can presume that relic stone pagoda of Ho?eam-sa temple site is bukkhist pagoda constructed in king Sejo. During the choso˘n Dynasty, Buddhism was oppressed based on Neo-Confucian norm. Moreover at the beginning of the Choso˘n Dynasty Buddhism was subject to ruling power. A great number of temples were merged. However, in reality Buddhism was not be completely suppressed. Afterwards the new mode of End-Ko˘ryo˘ and Early Choso˘n Buddhist pagoda has been succeeded and spread by Buddhist line linked with monk Naong(懶翁), monk Muhag(無學), and monk Hamho˘(涵虛).

스포츠 스폰서십과 구매의도의 관계

이표상 한국학교체육학회 2003 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구는 기업의 스포츠 스폰서십 활동에 대한 소비자들의 인식을 살펴보고, 스포츠 스폰서십이 기업이미지와 소비자의 태도변화, 구매의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치며 스폰서십을 통한 이미지 및 태도변화가 구매의도에 미치는 영향력이 소비자들의 기업인지 정도에 따라 차이가 있는가를 살펴봄으로써 스포츠 스폰서십의 효과와 구매의도의 관계를 규명하는데 목적을 두었다. 연구 대상자는 2003년 서울에 거주하고 있는 대학생 및 직장인들로 하였으며, 표집은 편의 표본추출법 (convenience sampling method)을 사용하여 표본을 추출하였다. 본 조사는 스스로 설문지를 읽고 응답하게 하는 자답식 설문조사방법을 사용하였다. 통계분석은 설문지의 전산처리를 위하여 SPSS(Statistical Packages for Social Science)를 이용하였다. 수집된 자료는 먼저 측정항목들의 신뢰성(reliability) 측정하기 위해 Cronbach's alpha 값을 이용하여 분석하였고, 기업이미지, 광고태도, 제품태도의 변화를 측정하기 위해 ANOVA(One-Way ANOVA, 2-Way ANOVA)와 T-test를 실시 하였으며, 스포츠 스폰서십에 의한 이미지 및 광고태도 ?제품태도가 구매의도에 미치는 영향에 대한 가설을 검증 하기 위해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 스포츠 스폰서십 메시지는 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기업인지도가 높은 기업보다 낮은 기업에서 스포츠 스폰서십이 구매의도에 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 스포츠 스폰서십의 효과는 기업의 인지성 정도에 따라 다르게 나타나며 인지도가 높은 기업의 경우에는 스폰서십 메시지 제시이후에 광고태도는 구매의도에 영향을 미치지 않으며, 인지도가 낮은 기업의 경우에는 스폰서십 메시지 제시 전에는 기업이미지가 구매의도에 영향을 미치지 않지만 스폰서십 메시지 제시 후에는 기업이미지가 구매의도에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between sports sponsorship and purchase intention. For this purpose, it was investigated that how sports sponsorship affects enterprise awareness, consumer attitude, and purchase intention and if the change of enterprise awareness and consumer attitude through sponsorship differ in purchase intention according to enterprise awareness level. By diversified measurement on effect of Sports sponsorship, we get results as follows. ANOVA analysis and t-test were carried out to survey how sports sponsorship affects purchase intention and if the influence on purchase intention according to enterprise awareness level differs. First, it was appeared that sponsorship message had a positive influence on purchase intension. Second, the influence that sponsorship affects purchase intention was high in corporation which recognition degree was low than corporation which recognition degree was high. Third, regression analysis was put in force to search how the change of enterprise awareness and consumer attitude through sports sponsorship affect purchase intention of consumer. It was appeared that in case of enterprise which recognition degree is high, enterprise awareness, attitude-toward-the-ads, and brand attitude had an influence on purchase intention before presented sponsorship message. But in case of presented sponsorship message, only enterprise awareness and brand attitude had an influence on purchase intention and this influence was higher than before message was presented. In case of enterprise which recognition degree is low, attitude-toward-the-ads and brand attitude had an influence on purchase intention, but on the other hand enterprise awareness didn't have a significant influence before presented sponsorship message. But after presented sponsorship message, it was showed that enterprise awareness, attitude-toward-the-ads, and brand attitude had an influence on purchase intention. This means that enterprise awareness through sports sponsorship affects purchase intention in case of enterprise which recognition degree is low