다제내성 그람양성균에 대한 Linezolid(Zyvox^(�))의 시험관내 항균력 비교

박대원,정희진,엄중식,황병연,김성범,이재갑,이연주,정혜원,정성주,박재형,이진수,손장욱,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

배경 : MRSA, VRE, VRSA같은 다제 내성 그람 양성균의 등장에 따라 glycopeptide를 대체할 새로운 항생제의 개발이 필요하게 되었고 결과적으로 새로운 항생제인 linezolid라는 항생제가 개발되었다. Linezolid는 이전의 항생제와는 다른 새로운 계열의 oxazolidinone으로 경구 이용률이 우수하다. 원내 및 원외감염의 중요한 원인균이 되고 있는 MRSA, VRE에 대한 적절한 경구용 항균제가 없는 국내에서 폐렴 및 피부 연조직 감염에서 경구용으로 사용해 볼 수 있는 약제이다. 본 연구에서는 고대 구로 병원에서 분리된 MRSA, VRE 등을 대상으로 다른 여러 항균제와 비교한 linezolid의 시험관내 항균력을 조사하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 연구대상은 1998년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 본원에서 입원 및 외래를 통하여 피부 연조직 감염증 및 호흡기 감염증, 요로감염증으로 진단된 환자들의 가검물로부터 분리된 MRSA 60균주, VRE 43균주, PRSP 25균주를 액체배지 또는 한천배지 희석법을 통하여 linezolid 및 기타 항균제에 대한 최소발육억제농도를 구하였다. 결과 : 실험에 사용한 S. aureus는 모두 MRSA였고 이들은 linezolid에 대해 MIC_(90) 2㎍/㎖(MIC 범위 1-2㎍/㎖), Enterococcus spp는 모두 VRE로 linezolid의 MIC_(90)은 2㎍/㎖로 MIC 범위는 1-4㎍/㎖였다. 한 개의 균주에서 MIC 4㎍/㎖로 중등도 감수성을 보였으나 MIC breakpoint가 (8㎍/㎖인 내성균주는 없고 모두 감수성을 보였다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 penicillin 내성이었고, linezolid MIC_(90) 1㎍/㎖ (MIC 범위 0.5-1㎍/㎖)로 전부 감수성을 보였다. 결론 : Linezolid는 MRSA를 위시한 VRE, PRSP 등의 다제 내성 그람 양성균에 대하여 우수한 시험관내 항균력을 보임을 알 수 있었다. Background : The emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, VRE, and VRSA, necessitated to develop new antibiotics, which could replace the glycopeptide. As a result, a new antibiotics named linezolid was developed. Linezolid is different line of oxazolidinones with a good oral bioavailability, compared to other antibiotics. Since appropriate oral antibiotics are not presently available for MRSA, which is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections, the introduction of linezolid will have favorable effect on treatment of infections such as pneumonia or skin infections. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic effect of linezolid on MRSA and VRE isolated from patients who were treated in Korea University Guro Hospital. Material and Methods : By using broth microdilution and agar dilution method we measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with sixty S. aureus, forty three Enterococcus spp., and twenty five S. pneumoniae isolates from patients who were diagnosed as skin, soft tissue, respiratory, and urinary infections in Korea University Guro Hospital from January, 1998 to December, 2002. Results : All of S. aureus used in this study were MRSA, and MIG_(90) of linezolid was below 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1-2 ㎍/㎖). All of Enterococcus spp. were VRE, and had MIG_(90) of 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1 to 4 ㎍/㎖). One of the VRE showed intermediate susceptibility with MIC of 4 ㎍/㎖. However, none was resistant with MIC breakpoint above 8 ㎍/㎖. All of S. pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin, but they were susceptible to linezolid with MICao of 1 ㎍/㎖(MIC range 0.5-1㎍/㎖). Conclusion : In conclusions, linezolid has an excellent in vitro antibiotic effect on multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, PRSP, and VRE.

청소년 스포츠 클럽 활동의 운영 방안에 관한 연구

박병주,주동욱 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

The word 'Recreation' means we recreate our life through leisure activities. Youth Club activities, the physical educational activities of advanced countries, which the government is propelling at the moment, will stimulate the normal physical education activities and will be the base for the desirable leisure activities of the youths. We can expect following effects from the Youth Sports Club Activities. 1. Youth Sports Club Activities can protect youths from the problems result from the competitive sports that focus on performance psychological and physiological burnout symptoms. 2. Youth Sports Club Activities will contribute to academic achievements if performed with normal school life. 3. Youth Sports Club Activities will play a leading role in normalizing the physical education in school as the activities based on education for the whole person. 4. The operation of Youth Sports Club Activities will enhance the morale of the sports leaders and provide more employment opportunities by widening the scope and choices of the athletes after retirement.

TV 스포츠 프로그램이 대학생들의 스포츠활동에 미치는 영향

박병주,이상봉,서봉한,이영덕,노영태,김정식 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

One of the purpose of this study was to research that how TV sports programs have an effect on the sports activities of college students Another purpose was that this research would be used to make more effective and systemetic sports program and to create sound atmosphere filled with brightness through reasonable sports activities of students. The subjects for this study were composed of make male and female students of S,A and D university in Pusan, excluding those who belonged to physical education department. And the questionnaires were distributed at random. The results were as follows. 1. In the question asking frequency of sports event involved, it was showed that male student take part in 2~3 events, I event in order and female nothing, l event in order. In the rate of sports activities in everyday life, level of male students(3.98±1.4) was higher than that of female(2.75±0.9). 2. In the question asking the feeling while watching sports program on TV, it was showed that male students feel the need of sports strongly, want to run in training wear in order and female feel a little need of sports, don't care about it in order. 3. In the question which factors make them feel the desire of participation in sports activities, it was showed that both student feel the desire 'when they want to increase fitness and strength', 'when they want to relax stress' in order 4. In the question asking media where students get information, it was showed that male students get form TV, newspaper, sports magazine, teaching material in order, and female TV, newspaper, sports magazine in order. In the way to fing the result of sports game, it was showed that both student get through TV broadcasting, newspaper, radio in order, it was showed that male students get from TV sports program, lesson, school class in order, and female students get from school class, lesson, TV sports program on order. 5. In the reason why students watch TV sports program, it was because that male students have an interest in sports, want t release stress in order and female students want to release stress, have an interest in sports in order. In the reason why students don't watch TV sports program, it was because that male students want to watch another programs, don't know the rules and how the game is operated have no interest in sports in order. 6. In dissatisfying factors when watch in TV sports program, it was showed that for male, TV program are declined to some popular sports game', TV casting hour is too short' in order and for female 'there are not sufficient explanation on rules and skills', 'programs for female are rare' in order. 7. In the question asking what they get from TV sports program, it was showed that male students get security of emotion, relaxation of stress, acknowledgement of health and rules and skills of sports of sports in order and female get security of emotion, relaxation of stress, rules and skills, acknowledgement of health in order. 8. In the volume of watch TV sports program, it was showed that male watch 'sometimes', 'a lot' in order and female watch 'seldom', 'sometimes' in order. In addition, in the volume of watching international sports event such as Asian game, Olympic and World cup, it was showed that male students sometimes watch some events they like almost most games in order and female students watch some events, seldom in order. 9. In the helpful program, it was showed that both male and female students want lesson program, live sports event, special foreign sports event in order. 10. In the question asking which program they want to watch, it was showed that male students want to watch high-leveled foreign sports events, lesson program, live casting in order and female want lesson program, high-leveled foreign sports events, sports enlightment program in order. 11. In the relation between sports involved and TV sports program, it was showed that male student answered 'just so', 'very helpful' in order and female student answered 'a little helpful', 'very helpful' in order. In which part of TV sports programs is helpful to sports involved, it was showed that both male and female students answered 'rules','basic skills', 'sportsmanship and manners', 'choice of sports goods' in order.

포스트모던 소설에 나타난 사회 비판적 요소 : 1960년대 미국소설을 중심으로

朴炳珠 충주대 2000 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.35 No.1

This paper aims to show the social criticism revealed in postmodern novels.In this paper we can identify the following results : In The Crying of Lot 49, social criticism is political.Oedipa realizes that genuine communication stems from understanding of the "Other".She refuses to adopt only formal communication.Journey to Narcisos ironically means an escape from narcissism.We can say that Pynchon reminds us of chances of escape from narcissism by using the term "trystero" as a social metaphor. In Trout Fishing in America, social criticism is ecological.It concerns the author's recollections of his various attempts to find good trout fishing.The narrator's quest for Trout Fishing in America is a series of disappointments. The whole episode is conducted as a gentle fantasy with no bitterness or anger; neverthless, one cannot fail to respond to the poignant sense of "loss" it conveys. In Slaughterhouse-Five, social criticism is about atrocity.Vonnegut shows us that a historical construct which has been regarded as an absolute truth is in fact a kind of arbitrary construct distorted by bad illusions.Bad illusions force man to overlook the common humanity. In conclusion, it can be said that social criticism is dominant in postmodern novels as many postmodern writers have demonstrated.

황해 동남 해역의 수괴지표성 요각류 및 모악류의 분포와 수괴특성

박주석,이삼석,강영실,이병돈,허성회 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.1

Distribution of indicator species of copepods and chaetognaths were studied as an indicator species of water mass in the southeastern area of the Yellow Sea. Undinula darwini, Lucicutia flavicornis, Pleuromamma gracilis, Euchaeta resselli, Euchaeta plana and Sagitta enflata were found to be reliable indicator species for determining warm water mass. Of these species, E. plana and E. russelli have a weak tolerance on the low temperature. Sagitta crassa was indicator species of neritic waters: Sagitta bedoti was that of mixing waters. Centropages agdominalis represented neritic cold waters. In February U. darwini, L. flavicornis, P. gracilis, E. russelli, E. plana and S. enflata occurred in the western waters of Cheju-Do where warm waters over 14℃ occupied. Centropages abdominalis occurred in the northern area beyond Chindo with water temperature less than 10℃. E. plana, E. russelli and S. bedoti were found at the regions between Cheju-Do and Chindo where the water temperature was 12∼14℃ corresponding to the mixing waters. Based on cluster analysis and T-S diagram in February three different water masses were identified from the south to the north. In August, water masses were analyzed at two different layers, 0∼20m and 20m∼bottom layers, separated by thermocline depth. In 0∼20m layer, E plana and E. russelli were found from the western waters of Cheju-Do to Daehuksando. In 20m∼bottom layer, E. russelli and E. plana occurred at the northwestern waters of Cheju-Do with the water temperature warmer than 12℃. C. abdominalis was found at the northern area beyond Chindo. Based on the cluster analysis and T-S diagram in August three different water masses at 0∼20m and 20m∼bottom layers were identified from the coast to the offshore. C. abdominalis was found at the adjacent water of Chindo at 0∼20m layer and the northern area beyond Chindo at 20m∼bottom layer. This fact suggested that the cold water mass existed at the adjacent waters of Chindo in summer.

In Our Time에 나타난 헤밍웨이의 역사의식 : 정신적 방황과 극복의 문제

박병주 忠州大學校 1999 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

Hemingway's In our Time presents a world of thorough disorientation. Spiritual deadness, aimless wandering and conflicts between genders and cultures - these emerge as Heingway's concerns in In our Time. The story suggests powerfully that we may understand our time as the communal loss of temporal, geographical, and cultural certainties. In our Time shows the decay of what must once have seemed fundamental values: religion, intimate human relationships, hierarchies of culture and class, masculine authority. The wanderers of Hemingway's stories are at once empty and revelatory of these profound changes; however, Hemingway's believes in the last short stories that we may escape from mental dilemma. In conclusion, we can say that Hemingway's work is most astonishing in capacity to evoke within its small compass such a rich variety of human predicaments.

스포츠 스타 이미지와 스포츠 브랜드 인식의 관계

박병주 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

A survey was conducted among 547 students from junior high schools, high schools and universities to provide basic information on sports brand positioning, which determines decisions of sports product consumers through examining a correlation between images of sports stars and recognition of sports brands, and to contribute to diversification and vitalization of domestic sports marketing, and the results were as follows. It revealed that appearance of sports stars did not affect their recognition and images noticeably, but their performance was a factor in influencing their recognition and images considerably. In addition, although the evaluation of sports stars did not affect their recognition, it became a factor in affecting images of sports brands. Furthermore, the sensibility of sports stars produced noticeable effects on recognition and images of sports brands. As shown by a research, a formation of sports brand recognition and images led to repurchase behaviors by consumers. Therefore, corporations are in a position to establish a strategy to enhance reputation of sports stars and obtain better results. Moreover, a marketing promotional strategy is needed to attract interest of consumers in sports through active promotion of sports stars and acquisition of their fans by corporations in order for consumers to display their active purchase behaviors by making a deep impressing on brand recognition and images in their mind.

산촉매 하에서 [Co(NH₃)₄(C₂O₄)]+ 와 Fe(Ⅱ)와의 산화-환원 반응에 대한 반응속도와 메타니즘

朴柄珏,林周相,姜成九 嶺南大學校附設 基礎科學硏究所 1988 基礎科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

Kinetic study was carried out for the redox reaction of [Co(NH₃)₄(C₂O₄)]+ with Fe(Ⅱ) in acidic solution by UV/vis-spectrophotometric method. It has been found that the reaction order for H+ catalyst is the first order in lower H+ concentration range than 0.5mol/ℓ, while second order in the higher one than 0.5mol/ℓ. This redox reaction system is first order with respect to each of the two substracts. Accordingly overall reaction was the third and forth order. It was found that the H+ act as the first order, the values of rate constant, ΔH? and ΔS? is 2.2079×10 ? ℓ²·mol?. sec?, 13.40Kcal/mol and -17.33e. u., and H+ act the second order, these values is 2.4490×10? ℓ³·mol?·sec?, 15.39Kcal/mol and -20.60 e. u., respectively. The result of EHMO calculation appears to be the preferred trigonal bipyramidal intermediate. On the basis of kinetic data and EHMO calculation, we suggest that the redox reaction system proceed via innersphere mechanism.

LED를 이용한 복합레진의 광조사시, 중합수축의 속도와 양, 미세경도에 관한 연구

박성호,김수선,조용식,이순영,김도현,장용주,문현승,서정원,노병덕 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.4

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the light emitting diode(LED) units for composite curing. To compare its effectiveness with conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light curing unit, the microhardness of 2mm composite, Z250, which had been light cured by the LEDs (Ultralume LED2, FreeLight, Developing product D1) or QTH (XL 3000) were compared on the upper and lower surface. One way ANOVA with Tukey and Paired t-test was used at 95% levels of confidence. In addition, the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage was compared between composites which were light cured by QTH or LEDs using a custom-made linimeter in 10s and 60s of light curing, and the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage was compared by one way ANOVA with Tukey. The amount of polymerization shrinkage at 10s was XL3000 > Ultralume 2, 40, 60 > FreeLight, D1 (P<0.05) The amount of polymerization shrinkage at 60s was XL3000 > Ultralume 2, 60 > Ultralume 2, 40 > FreeLight, D1 (P<0.05) The microhardness on the upper and lower surface was as follows; <본문 참조> It was concluded that the LEDs produced lower polymerization shrinkage in 10s and 60s compared with QTH unit. In addition, the microhardness of samples which had been cured with LEDs was lower on the lower surfaces than the upper surfaces whereas there was no difference in QTH cured samples.

마늘의 첨가가 두부의 품질과 저장성에 미치는 영향

박연주,남영란,전병록,오남순,인만진 한국응용생명화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.4

마늘이 함유되어 있는 기능성 두부를 제조함에 있어 마늘의 첨가량이 두부의 품질과 저장성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 건조 대두를 기준으로 마늘을 5-20% 첨가하여 제조한 두부의 수율, 물성 및 저장성을 마늘을 첨가하지 않고 제조한 일반두부와 비교하였다. 두부의 수율은 마늘의 첨가량에 비례하여 다소 감소하였으나 그 영향은 미미하였다. 마늘의 첨가량이 5∼10%인 경우 두부의 물성 중 견고성이 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, 마늘을 20%사용한 두부는 견고성, 부착성, 응집성, 탄성, 씹힘성이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 제조한 두부를 15℃로 보관하면서 pH와 총균수의 변화를 측정한 결과 마늘의 첨가량에 비례하여 두부와 두부 침지액에서 pH 하락과 미생물 생육이 효율적으로 지연되었다. 두부 제조시 마늘의 첨가량은 5∼10%가 적당하였다. The effect of garlic addition on quality and shelf-life of soybean curd was investigated. The yield of garlic soybean curd slightly decreased in proportion to amount of garlic added. In the case of texture, hardness of the garlic, soybean curd increased when 5~10% garlic wat added, whereas hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness significantly decreased in the case of 20% garlic added. Microbial counts of soybean curd stored in sterilized distilled water as tofu-immersion solution increased, whereas pH decreased during storage at 15℃. During all storage periods, microbial counts of the soybean curds containing garlic were always lower than that of the ordinary soybean curd. These results imply that garlic is a useful additive in suppressing the proliferation of aerobic microorganism and has a potential use in extending the shelf-life of soybean curd. According to yield, textural properties and shelf-life data, the suitable concentration of garlic was around 5~10%.