Optimized deep neural network models for blood pressure classification using Fourier analysis‑based time–frequency spectrogram of photoplethysmography signal

Pankaj,Ashish Kumar,Manjeet Kumar,Rama Komaragiri 대한의용생체공학회 2023 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.13 No.4

Appropriate blood pressure (BP) management through continuous monitoring and rapid diagnosis helps to take preventivecare against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). As hypertension is one of the leading causes of CVDs, keeping hypertensionunder control by a timely screening of subjects becomes lifesaving. This work proposes estimating BP from motion artifactaffectedphotoplethysmography signals (PPG) by applying signal processing techniques in realtime. This paper proposes adeep neural network-based methodology to accurately classify PPG signals using a Fourier theory-based time–frequency(TF) spectrogram. This work uses the Fourier decomposition method (FDM) to transform a PPG signal into a TF spectrogram. In the proposed work, the last three layers of the pre-trained deep neural network, namely, GoogleNet, DenseNet, andAlexNet, are modified and then used to classify the PPG signal into normotension, pre-hypertension, and hypertension. Theproposed framework is trained and tested using the MIMIC-III and PPG–BP databases using five-fold training and testing. Out of the three deep neural networks, the proposed framework with the DenseNet-201 network performs best, with a testaccuracy of 96.5%. The proposed work uses FDM to compute the TF spectrogram to accurately separate the motion artifactsand noise components from a noise-corrupted PPG signal. Capturing more frequency components that contain moreinformation from PPG signals makes the deep neural networks extract better and more meaningful features. Thus, training adeep neural network model with clean PPG signal features improves the generalized capability of a BP classification modelwhen tested in realtime.

p16 Expression as a Surrogate Marker for HPV Infection in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma can Predict Response to Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Kumar, Rajeev,Ghosh, Sankar Kumar,Verma, Akalesh Kumar,Talukdar, Anuradha,Deka, Monoj Kumar,Wagh, Mira,Bahar, H.M. Iqbal,Tapkire, Ritesh,Chakraborty, Kali Pankaj,Kannan, R. Ravi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer in the north east of India. The present study concerned the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the ESCC in north eastern India and its impact on response to chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: p16 expression, a surrogate marker for HPV infection was assessed in 101 pre-treatment biopsies of locally advanced ESCC, reported from a comprehensive cancer centre in north east India, using immunohistochemistry. All patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Response was assessed clinically and histopathologically with attention to p16 expression. Results: p16 was expressed in 22% of ESCC (22 out of 101) and was more prevalent in patients who were more than 45 years of age (P=0.048). p16 positive tumors appeared more commonly in the upper 2/3 of the thoracic esophagus (18 in 22). Nine of the 22 (41%) p16 positive tumors achieved pathologic complete response following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.008). There was a trend towards reduced mortality in this group (P=0.048). Some 9 of the 20 (45%) patients who achieved pathologic complete response were p16 positive. Conclusions: Expression of p16 in ESCC correlates with higher rate of pathologic complete remission in patients undergoing neo adjuvant chemotherapy and could be a predictive marker for response assessment.

Effects of number of frozen-thawed ram sperm and number of inseminations on fertility in synchronized ewes under field condition

Pankaj Kumar Jha,Md. Golam Shahi Alam,Md. Abdullah Al Mansur,Mohammad Rafiqul Islam Talukder,Nazmun Naher,A K M Anisur Rahman,David C. Hall,Farida Yeasmin Bari 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2020 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.35 No.2

The effects of the number of frozen-thawed ram sperm per single and double intra-cervical artificial insemination (AI) on fertility in ewes were studied. A total of 89 non-pregnant ewes were synchronized for oestrus with two doses of 100 μg PGF2α (Cloprostenol) 9 days apart. The ewes were randomly assigned to one of four groups; D200 (n = 23; double AI with 200 × 106 sperm), S200 (n = 24; single AI with 200 × 106 sperm), D100 (n = 24; double AI with 100 × 106 sperm) and S100 (n = 18; single AI with 100 × 106 sperm). Ewes were inseminated within 12 to 18 h for single AI and, within 10 to 12 h and 16 to 18 h for double AI after the onset of oestrus. The onset of oestrus ranged from 28 to 76 h (54.33 ± 1.28 h). The high percentage (29.2%) of ewes showed oestrus between 51 to 60 h. The non-return rates were highest in group D200 (56.5%) and differed significantly (p < 0.05) from group S100 (11.1%). No ewes were pregnant in group S100, and the pregnancy rates among the remaining groups did not differ. The mean gestation period was 152.8 ± 0.5 days and no difference was observed among the groups. The lambing and multiple birth rates were 100% in group D200. The single and twin lambing was highest in group D100 (33.3%) and group D200 (83.3%), respectively. Only one triplet lambing and the highest lambing size (2.2 ± 0.2) was recorded in group D200. In conclusion, double AI with 200 × 106 sperm showed comparatively most practical for achieving high pregnancy rates and lambing performances in Bangladeshi ewes under field conditions.

Multiwavelength observation of a large-scale flux rope eruption above a kinked small filament

Kumar, Pankaj,Cho, Kyung-Suk EDP Sciences 2014 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.572 No.-

Chromium(III)-selective Electrode Using p-(4-Acetanilidazo)calix[4]arene as an Ionophore in PVC Matrix

Kumar, Pankaj,Shim, Yoon-Bo Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.12

Effect of Antioxidant Preservative on Cold Protection Ability of Low Grade Riverine Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Bull Spermatozoa

Pankaj, Prabhat Kumar,Raina, V.S.,Roy, B.,Mohanty, T.K.,Mishra, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.5

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA), Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT), Pentoxifylline (PTX), Theophylline (TPY) and Theobromine (TBR) on cold protection ability of Murrah buffalo semen at room ($22-25^{\circ}C$) and refrigerated temperature ($4-7^{\circ}C$). Each semen sample was divided into six parts of equal volume and sperm concentration; the first was kept as a control and the remaining five were treated with BHA, BHT, PTX, TPY or TBR. Sperm motility, abnormal spermatozoa, live-dead count, hypo-osmotic swelling and acrosomal integrity were studied at room and refrigerated temperature for various incubation periods viz.; 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h at room and 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h at refrigerated temperature. Significant improvement in sperm motility, live-dead count, hypo-osmotic swelling and acrosomal integrity were observed in BHT, PTX and TPY fortified extender at room and refrigerated temperature for various incubation periods. From the present study it could be concluded that cold protection ability of buffalo semen can be improved through the addition of BHT followed by PTX and TPY.

Morphological and electro-optical responses of dichroic polymer dispersed liquid crystal films

Pankaj Kumar,K.K. Raina 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.6

polymerization induced phase separation technique using nematic liquid crystal material in UV curable polymer NOA 65 and anthra-quinone dichroic dye. The eects of applied voltage and temperature on the LC droplet morphology and its optical characteristics werestudied in detail. Liquid crystal droplets containing low concentration of dye (6 0.25%) in polymer matrix exhibit bipolar conguration atlower applied voltage (6 10 V) whereas at relatively higher voltage (Plow concentration DPDLC lm shows better optical transmission and higher contrast ratio.

An overview of converting reductive photocatalyst into all solid-state and direct Z-scheme system for water splitting and CO2 reduction

Pankaj Raizada,Abhinandan Kumar,Vasudha Hasija,Pardeep Singh,Vijay Kumar Thakur,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.93 No.-

Considering the current scenario of rising environmental and energy concerns, engineering of Z-schemephotocatalytic systems is in the spotlight. The prime reason for this includes efficient redox abilities andeffective space separation along with the migration of photoinduced charge carriers over conventionalheterojunction systems. Herein we foreground the stumbling blocks of traditional heterojunctionsystems and enlighten the generations of Z-scheme photocatalysis originating from liquid-phase todirect Z-scheme photocatalytic systems. We provide substantial criteria and selection aspects ofchoosing reductive type photocatalysts as a potential aspirant for the Z-scheme photocatalytic system. AsZ-scheme photocatalytic systems render effective space separation of photogenerated carriers, activespecies generation, wide optical absorption and amended redox ability. We focus on comprehensiveillustration of all solid-state and direct Z-scheme photocatalysts by coupling reductive typephotocatalysts with other semiconductor material and explored their potential for efficacious conversionof solar energy into functional energy. Herein, we aim to provide in-depth and updated criteria forselecting Z-scheme photocatalysts for CO2 reduction, water splitting, and nitrogenfixation. Lastly, thearticle compiles with a conclusive note about future perspectives and challenges accompanying all solidstateand direct Z-scheme Z photocatalysts and their energy conversion applications.

X-RAY AND EUV OBSERVATIONS OF SIMULTANEOUS SHORT AND LONG PERIOD OSCILLATIONS IN HOT CORONAL ARCADE LOOPS

Kumar, Pankaj,Nakariakov, Valery M.,Cho, Kyung-Suk IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.804 No.1

<P>We report decaying quasi-periodic intensity oscillations in the X-ray (6-12 keV) and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) channels (131, 94, 1600, 304 angstrom) observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), respectively, during a C-class flare. The estimated periods of oscillation and decay time in the X-ray channel (6-12 keV) were about 202 and 154 s, respectively. A similar oscillation period was detected at the footpoint of the arcade loops in the AIA 1600 and 304 angstrom channels. Simultaneously, AIA hot channels (94 and 131 angstrom) reveal propagating EUV disturbances bouncing back and forth between the footpoints of the arcade loops. The period of the oscillation and decay time were about 409 and 1121 s, respectively. The characteristic phase speed of the wave is about 560 km s(-1) for about 115 Mm of loop length, which is roughly consistent with the sound speed at the temperature about 10-16 MK (480-608 km s(-1)). These EUV oscillations are consistent with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation Doppler-shift oscillations interpreted as the global standing slow magnetoacoustic wave excited by a flare. The flare occurred at one of the footpoints of the arcade loops, where the magnetic topology was a 3D fan-spine with a null-point. Repetitive reconnection at this footpoint could have caused the periodic acceleration of non-thermal electrons that propagated to the opposite footpoint along the arcade and that are precipitating there, causing the observed 202 s periodicity. Other possible interpretations, e.g., the second harmonics of the slow mode, are also discussed.</P>

Large Amplitude Hygrothermal Dependent Frequency and Post-Buckling Behaviour of Smart Skew Sandwich Shell Panels -A Macromechanical FE Approach

Pankaj V. Katariya,Subrata Kumar Panda,Chetan Kumar Hirwani 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.11

The large geometrical distortion effect on the skew sandwich panel and improvement of the eigenvalue responsesdue to the embedded functional material (shape memory alloy, SMA) is investigated for the first time in this research. Thestructural responses are numerically predicted via a macro-mechanical nonlinear finite element model with the alternatingelastic constants due to the change in environmental conditions. The nonlinear formulation is derived mathematically viathird-order deformation kinematics including the through-thickness elongations. Moreover, the large geometrical shapechanges of the skew sandwich shell panels are described by Green-Lagrange strain whereas the material nonlinearity due tothe functional fibre inclusion modelled through the step-wise temperature-dependent properties of the individual panelconstituents (face skins, core and SMA fibre). The proposed macro-mechanical material model is helping to evaluate thecomposite sandwich properties due to the variation of hygrothermal environment. The eigenvalue type of system equation isderived through variation principle with and without excess geometrical alteration and solved via the robust Picard’s iterationtechnique in association with nonlinear finite element steps. The marching technique is adopted to include the materialnonlinearity within the mathematical model to include the variation of SMA elastic properties (volume fraction, pre-strainand blocking stress). The viability of the proposed model to compute the responses are tested by checking a few examplesconsidering the curvature parameter, layer sequence, SMA layer and the environmental changes. Additionally, it is extendedto figure out the influences of individual and combined cases of parameters on the nonlinear frequency and bucklingcharacteristics of SMA bonded sandwich shell panel with and without skew angle.