Enhancement of Mucosal Immune Functions by Dietary Spirulina platensis in Human and Animals

Osamu Hayashi,Kyoko Ishii,Chinami Kawamura,Shi YenHei,Ning YeBao,Tomohiro Hirahashi,Toshimitsu Katoh 한국영양학회 2004 Nutritional Sciences Vol.7 No.1

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Age-Related Changes in Intestine Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Subsets and Their Functional Preservation After Feeding Mice on Spirulina

Osamu Hayashi,Yuki Katayanagi,Kyoko Ishii,Toshimitsu Katoh 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.5

We investigated age-related changes in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) subsets in mice by flow cytometric analysis and their functional preservation as affected by feeding Spirulina, a cyanobacterium that is known to possess various therapeutic effects, including immune modulation activity. The number of cells possessing the leukocyte-common antigen CD45+ cells in mice (43 weeks old) of the aged group, used as a representative marker for IELs, was significantly lower than that of adult mice (5 weeks old). Either the proportion or the number of CD45+CD8+ cells of the aged mice was significantly lower than that of adult mice, corresponding to previous reports. Proportions and numbers of CD4+CD8+ cells in aged mice, on the other hand, were higher than those in adult mice. Increased or decreased levels of the cell surface antigens observed in the aged mice tended to be restored in aged mice fed Spirulina (aged-SP group), which ingested a hot water extract of Spirulina (SpHW). In fact, the proportions of CD45+CD8+ cells and CD45+TCRγδ+ cells in the aged-SP group significantly increased in comparison to the control aged group, which ingested ordinary chow and water ad libitum. These results suggest that ingestion of SpHW in the aged-SP group may contribute to the functional preservation of the intestinal epithelium as a first line of mucosal barrier against infectious agents through retaining the number of certain IELs. Changes in the number of other IEL subsets and blood cells are also discussed.

45. A STUDY OF POISONING CAUSED BY HERBICIDE PARAQUAT

Osamu Miura,Takeshi Sugaya,Satoshi Sasaki,Shiro Sasaki,Shunji Okubo,Shinji Kagaya,Masato Hayashi 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 1985 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.10 No.1

Influence of Signal Intensity Non-Uniformity on Brain Volumetry Using an Atlas-Based Method

Masami Goto,Osamu Abe,Tosiaki Miyati,Hiroyuki Kabasawa,Hidemasa Takao,Naoto Hayashi,Tomomi Kurosu,Takeshi Iwatsubo,Fumio Yamashita,Hiroshi Matsuda,Harushi Mori,Akira Kunimatsu,Shigeki Aoki,Kenji Ino,K 대한영상의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.13 No.4

Objective: Many studies have reported pre-processing effects for brain volumetry; however, no study has investigated whether non-parametric non-uniform intensity normalization (N3) correction processing results in reduced system dependency when using an atlas-based method. To address this shortcoming, the present study assessed whether N3 correction processing provides reduced system dependency in atlas-based volumetry. Materials and Methods: Contiguous sagittal T1-weighted images of the brain were obtained from 21 healthy participants, by using five magnetic resonance protocols. After image preprocessing using the Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 software, we measured the structural volume of the segmented images with the WFU-PickAtlas software. We applied six different bias-correction levels (Regularization 10, Regularization 0.0001, Regularization 0, Regularization 10 with N3, Regularization 0.0001 with N3, and Regularization 0 with N3) to each set of images. The structural volume change ratio (%) was defined as the change ratio (%) = (100 x [measured volume - mean volume of five magnetic resonance protocols] / mean volume of five magnetic resonance protocols) for each bias-correction level. Results: A low change ratio was synonymous with lower system dependency. The results showed that the images with the N3 correction had a lower change ratio compared with those without the N3 correction. Conclusion: The present study is the first atlas-based volumetry study to show that the precision of atlas-based volumetry improves when using N3-corrected images. Therefore, correction for signal intensity non-uniformity is strongly advised for multi-scanner or multi-site imaging trials. Objective: Many studies have reported pre-processing effects for brain volumetry; however, no study has investigated whether non-parametric non-uniform intensity normalization (N3) correction processing results in reduced system dependency when using an atlas-based method. To address this shortcoming, the present study assessed whether N3 correction processing provides reduced system dependency in atlas-based volumetry. Materials and Methods: Contiguous sagittal T1-weighted images of the brain were obtained from 21 healthy participants, by using five magnetic resonance protocols. After image preprocessing using the Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 software, we measured the structural volume of the segmented images with the WFU-PickAtlas software. We applied six different bias-correction levels (Regularization 10, Regularization 0.0001, Regularization 0, Regularization 10 with N3, Regularization 0.0001 with N3, and Regularization 0 with N3) to each set of images. The structural volume change ratio (%) was defined as the change ratio (%) = (100 x [measured volume - mean volume of five magnetic resonance protocols] / mean volume of five magnetic resonance protocols) for each bias-correction level. Results: A low change ratio was synonymous with lower system dependency. The results showed that the images with the N3 correction had a lower change ratio compared with those without the N3 correction. Conclusion: The present study is the first atlas-based volumetry study to show that the precision of atlas-based volumetry improves when using N3-corrected images. Therefore, correction for signal intensity non-uniformity is strongly advised for multi-scanner or multi-site imaging trials.

Comparative Analysis of Gastrointestinal Microbiota Between Normal and Caudal-Related Homeobox 2 (Cdx2) Transgenic Mice

( Hirotsugu Sakamoto ),( Takashi Asahara ),( Osamu Chonan ),( Norikatsu Yuki ),( Hiroyuki Mutoh ),( Shunji Hayashi ),( Hironori Yamamoto ),( Kentaro Sugano ) 대한장연구학회 2015 Intestinal Research Vol.13 No.1

Background/Aims: Caudal-related homeobox 2 (Cdx2) is expressed in the human intestinal metaplastic mucosa and induces intestinal metaplastic mucosa in the Cdx2 transgenic mouse stomach. Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia commonly lead to gastric achlorhydria, which predisposes the stomach to bacterial overgrowth. In the present study, we determined the differences in gut microbiota between normal and Cdx2 transgenic mice, using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methods: Twelve normal (control) and 12 Cdx2 transgenic mice were sacrificed, and the gastric, jejunal, ileac, cecal and colonic mucosa, and feces were collected. To quantitate bacterial microbiota, we used real-time qRT-PCR with 16S rRNA gene-targeted, species-specific primers. Results: The total numbers of bacteria in the gastric, jejunal, ileac, cecal, and colonic mucosa of the Cdx2 transgenic mice were significantly higher than those of the normal mice. The Bacteroi-des fragilis group and also Prevotella were not detected in the stomach of the normal mice, although they were detected in the Cdx2 transgenic mice. Moreover, the Clostridium coccoides group, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Bacteroides fragilis group, and Prevotella were not detected in the jejunum or ileum of the normal mice, although they were detected in the Cdx2 transgenic mice. The fecal microbiota of the normal mice was similar to that of the Cdx2 transgenic mice. Conclusions: Our results showed the differences in composition of gut microbiota between normal and Cdx2 transgenic mice, which may be caused by the development of gastric achlorhydria and intestinal metaplasia in Cdx2 transgenic mice. (Intest Res 2015;13:39-49)

A Consideration on Segregation Process of Dopant at WC/Co and WC/WC Interfaces in VC Doped WC-Co Submicro-grained Hardmetal

Kawakami Masaru,Terada Osamu,Hayashi Koji 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

WC/WC interface in VC mono-doped WC-10mass%Co submicro-grained hardmetals of was investigated together with WC/Co interface by using HRTEM and XMA. The thickness of V-rich layer and the analytical value of V at WC/WC interface were almost the same as those at WC/Co interfaces. These results, etc., suggested that the V-rich layers at both interfaces were not generated by an equilibrium segregation mechanism in the sintering stage, but generated by a preferential precipitation mechanism during the solidification of Co liquid phase in the cooling stage. Based on this suggestion, we succeeded in developing a nano-grained hardmetal with 100 nm .