Enhance the performance and stability of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with guanidinium thiocyanate additive

Nian Cheng,Weiwei Li,Menghan Zhang,Hangjuan Wu,Shujie Sun,Zhiqiang Zhao,Zhenyu Xiao,Zhuzhu Sun,Wei Zi,Liang Fang 한국물리학회 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.1

Employing additive to regulate the morphology of perovskite film is an effective method to enhance both the power conversion efficiency and long term stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells. Here, we demonstrate that guanidinium thiocyanate (GuSCN) is a suitable additive for methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite materials. Addition of GuSCN into MAPbI3 can simultaneously enhance the crystallinity, enlarge the crystal size, and reduce the trap density of the perovskite films. As a result, the MAPbI3 perovskite with 10% GuSCN exhibits superior power conversion efficiency of 16.70% compared to the pristine MAPbI3 perovskite solar cell (15.57%). At the same time, the MAPbI3 perovskite solar cell with GuSCN additive shows better stability, power conversion efficiency retains ∼90% of its initial value compared to only ∼60% for pristine MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells after being stored for 15 days without encapsulation

Visual Anthropological Approaches to Animation Contents

SUN YUCHENG,GONG NIAN,이동훈 (사)한국커뮤니케이션디자인협회 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2015 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.53 No.-

As the virtual image, animation also has attributes of reflecting and recording the reality. The animated humanities documentary created on the basis of anthropology field investigation has the realistic basis. Therefore, ‘the virtual’ of it has become a recording ‘tool’ as the text. ‘The virtual’is merely the language of visual expression, but the narrative content hidden in the ‘virtual’ visual expression is the real ‘incarnation’. If the content of animations is culture, image recording of ethnography and ‘reproduction’ of human culture, then the value of anthropological images is reflected. A number of animated anthropological films and animated films by means of anthropological methods have been made in some countries. This sort of films has internal advantages and enormous potentials. Animation as an expression of visual images will certainly be a new field of visual anthropology.

Formation of Stable Phosphorus–Carbon Bond for Enhanced Performance in Black Phosphorus Nanoparticle–Graphite Composite Battery Anodes

Sun, Jie,Zheng, Guangyuan,Lee, Hyun-Wook,Liu, Nian,Wang, Haotian,Yao, Hongbin,Yang, Wensheng,Cui, Yi American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.8

<P>High specific capacity battery electrode materials have attracted great research attention. Phosphorus as a low-cost abundant material has a high theoretical specific capacity of 2596 mAh/g with most of its capacity at the discharge potential range of 0.4–1.2 V, suitable as anodes. Although numerous research progress have shown other high capacity anodes such as Si, Ge, Sn, and SnO<SUB>2</SUB>, there are only a few studies on phosphorus anodes despite its high theoretical capacity. Successful applications of phosphorus anodes have been impeded by rapid capacity fading, mainly caused by large volume change (around 300%) upon lithiation and thus loss of electrical contact. Using the conducting allotrope of phosphorus, “black phosphorus” as starting materials, here we fabricated composites of black phosphorus nanoparticle-graphite by mechanochemical reaction in a high energy mechanical milling process. This process produces phosphorus–carbon bonds, which are stable during lithium insertion/extraction, maintaining excellent electrical connection between phosphorus and carbon. We demonstrated high initial discharge capacity of 2786 mAh·g<SUP>–1</SUP> at 0.2 C and an excellent cycle life of 100 cycles with 80% capacity retention. High specific discharge capacities are maintained at fast C rates (2270, 1750, 1500, and 1240 mAh·g<SUP>–1</SUP> at C/5, 1, 2, and 4.5 C, respectively).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-8/nl501617j/production/images/medium/nl-2014-01617j_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl501617j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Electro-Active-Paper Actuator Made with LiCl/Cellulose Films: Effect of LiCl Content

Wang, Nian-Gui,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Chen, Yi,Yun, Sung-Ryul,Lee, Sun-Kon The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.6

The cellulose-based, Electroactive Paper (EAPap) has recently been reported as a smart material with the advantages of lightweight, dry condition, biodegradability, sustainability, large displacement output and low actuation voltage. However, it requires high humidity.. This paper introduces an EAPap made with a cellulose solution and lithium chloride (LiCl), which can be actuated in room humidity condition. The fabrication process, performance test and effect of LiCl content of the EAPap actuator are illustrated. The bending displacement of the EAPap actuators was evaluated with actuation voltage, frequency, humidity and LiCl content changes. At a LiCl/ cellulose content of 3:10, the displacement output was maximized at a room humidity condition. Even though the displacement output was less than that of a high humidity EAPap actuator, the mechanical power output was not reduced due to the increased resonance frequency, which is promising for developing EAPap actuators that are less sensitive to humidity.

Directional Forces by Momentumless Excitation and Order-to-Order Transition in Peierls-Distorted Solids: The Case of GeTe

Chen, Nian-Ke,Li, Xian-Bin,Bang, Junhyeok,Wang, Xue-Peng,Han, Dong,West, Damien,Zhang, Shangbai,Sun, Hong-Bo American Physical Society 2018 Physical review letters Vol.120 No.18

<P>Time-dependent density-functional theory molecular dynamics reveals an unexpected effect of optical excitation in the experimentally observed rhombohedral-to-cubic transition of GeTe. The excitation induces coherent forces along [001], which may be attributed to the unique energy landscape of Peierls-distorted solids. The forces drive the A(lg) optical phonon mode in which Ge and Te move out of phase. Upon damping of the A(1)g mode, phase transition takes place, which involves no atomic diffusion, defect formation, or the nucleation and growth of the cubic phase.</P>

애니메이션 콘텐츠에 대한 시각인류학적 접근

손옥성 ( Yucheng Sun ),공념 ( Nian Gong ),이동훈 ( Donghun Lee ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2015 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.53 No.-

본 논문은 애니메이션이 허구적 영상으로서 간주되지만 또한 현실의 기록과 현실의 역사적 특성을 가지고 있음을 서술하고자 한다. 인류학 분야에 대한 고찰의 토대위에서, 애니메이션이 인문기록영상의 창작 공간으로서, 현실에 의거한, 현실표상의 토대를 가지고있음을 보여준다. 이때 그 허구성은 이미 텍스트와 동일한 기록수단이 된다. 소위 허구라는 것은 단지 시각적 표현 언어이지만 허구적 시각언어 아래 숨어있는 서술내용은 실제 즉 진실의 화신이 되어진다. 만약 애니메이션의 내용이 문화, 민족지영상기록, 인류문화의 복원과 재현의 수단이 된다면, 이는 애니메이션이 인류 학영화와 동일한 가치가 반영된다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 세계 여러 국가들에서 제작된 영화들의 실증적 분석과, 애니메이션에서 나타난 인류학 민족지 영상기록과 서술의 예를 분석하였다. 또한 애니메이션이 가진내재적 장점과 함께 큰 잠재력이 있음을 제시한다. 이와 같이 애니메이션이 가진 장점은 점진적으로 영화의 독립적인 한 영역으로서의 성장과, 애니메이션이 시각 인류학의 표상수단으로서, 시각인류학의 새로운 한 영역이 될 것임을 보여준다. As the virtual image, animation also has attributes of reflecting and recording the reality. The animated humanities documentary created on the basis of anthropology field investigation has the realistic basis. Therefore, ‘the virtual’ of it has become a recording ‘tool’ as the text. ‘The virtual’is merely the language of visual expression, but the narrative content hidden in the ‘virtual’ visual expression is the real ‘incarnation’. If the content of animations is culture, image recording of ethnography and ‘reproduction’ of human culture, then the value of anthropological images is reflected. A number of animated anthropological films and animated films by means of anthropological methods have been made in some countries. This sort of films has internal advantages and enormous potentials. Animation as an expressionof visual images will certainly be a new field of visual anthropology.

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus among Women from Henan, China

Wang, Xiao-Chuan,Sun, Liang-Qi,Ma, Li,Li, Hua-Xin,Wang, Xiu-Li,Wang, Xin,Yun, Tian,Meng, Nian-Long,Lv, Da-Le Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated as a causative of cervical cancer. In the present study, a total of 578 samples from females attending the gynecological outpatient clinic in Henan province, China, were collected and the HPV genotypes were detected by gene chip and flow-through hybridization. Overall, 44.5% (257/578) females were found to be HPV DNA positive, and the high risk HPV (HR-HPV) rate was 35.1% (203/578). The first peak of HR-HPV infection appeared in the >60 year-old group (55.0%), and the second was within the 51-55 year-old group (50.0%) (${\chi}^2$=19.497, p<0.05). HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype (9.2%), followed by HPV 52 (7.8%), HPV 6 (6.9%), HPV 11 (5.9%) and HPV 42 (5.0%). The single type HPV infection was 30.4%, with the five majority prevalent genotype HPV 16 (16.5%), HPV 52 (14.3%), HPV 6 (12.6%), HPV 42 (8.6%), HPV 31 (5.1%). The multiple-type HPV infections were 14.0%, and HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (29.6%), followed by HPV 52 (24.7%), HPV 6 (22.2%), HPV 11 (22.2%), HPV 42 (17.3%) and HPV 39 (17.3%).

Electro-Active-Paper Actuator Made with LiCl/Cellulose Films

Sung Ryul Yun,Sun Kon Lee,Nian Gui Wang,Jae Hwan Kim,Yi Chen 한국고분자학회 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.6

Robust Decentralized Fault Estimation for Loss of Actuator Effectiveness of Multi-motor Web-winding System

Xiaoyan Chu,Xiaohong Nian,Miaoping Sun,Haibo Wang,Hongyun Xiong 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.3

This paper develops a method estimating the actuator power loss faults for the multi-motor web-windingsystem. Firstly, the web-winding system is regarded as a synthetic system with several dynamic subsystems andtheir dynamic models are given. Then, the nonlinear coordinate transformation is introduced to obtain a transformedsystem with block triangular structure and the interconnections among subsystems are allowed. Next, a decentralizedadaptive high-gain observer with sliding-mode is designed for the obtained transformed system to estimate thesystem actuator power loss faults. Meanwhile, the estimation error dynamics can be obtained. Sufficient conditionsof asymptotic stability for estimation error system are derived by Lyapunov theory, and the sliding-mode gain andfault estimation law are achieved. After that, the fault estimation observer for original multi-motor web-windingsystem is designed by inverse coordinate transformation. Finally, the simulations and analysis are implemented onthe three-motor web-winding system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Establishment and Validation of a Nomogram for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Concerning the Prognostic Effect of Parotid Lymph Node Metastases

Chao Lin,Xue-Song Sun,Sai-Lan Liu,Xiao-Yun Li,Nian Lu,Xin-Ling Li,Lin-Quan Tang,Ling Guo 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.3

Purpose The prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with parotid lymph node (PLN) metastasis remains unclear. This study was performed to investigate the prognostic significance and optimal staging category of PLN metastasis and develop a nomogram for estimating individual risk. Materials and Methods Clinical data of 7,084 non-metastatic NPC patients were retrospectively reviewed. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. A nomogram was established based on the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The accuracy and calibration ability of this nomogram was evaluated by C-index and calibration curves with bootstrap validation. Results Totally, 164/7,084 NPC patients (2.3%) presented with PLNs. Multivariate analyses showed that PLN metastasis was a negative prognostic factor for OS, progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS). Patients with PLN metastasis had a worse prognosis than N3 disease. Five independent prognostic factors were included in the nomogram, which showed a C-index of 0.743. The calibration curves for probability of 3- and 5-year OS indicated satisfactory agreement between nomogram-based prediction and actual observation. All results were confirmed in the validation cohort. Conclusion NPC patient with PLN metastasis had poorer survival outcome (OS, PFS, DMFS, and LRFS) than N3 disease. We developed a nomogram to provide individual prediction of OS for patients with PLN metastasis.