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생물검정법을 이용한 하수슬러지 장기연용 토양의 독성평가
남재작,이승환,권순익,홍석영,임동규,고문환,송범헌 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4
생물검정법에 의한 토양 내 독성평가의 유용성을 확인하기 위해 두 종류의 하수슬러지를 7년간 연용한 토양을 Microtox^(?) 생물검정법과 상추종자 뿌리 신장법을 사용하여 독성을 평가하였다. 이 방법들은 하수오니의 종류나 시용량에 따른 토양의 독성 정도를 잘 평가 할 수 있었다. 상추종자 뿌리 신장법은 특별한 장비나 복잡한 처리 없이도 유의성 있는 결과를 구할 수 있었고 Microtox^(?) 검정법은 전반적으로 재현성과 감도에서 유의성이 있었으며 또한 유기화합물에 대한 종합적인 평가도 가능하였다. 하수오니와 같이 다양한 화합물이 혼재되어 있는 유기성 자원의 토양 시용시 기존의 제한된 화학성분의 토양 분석법만으로는 독성평가에 한계가 있고 또 개별적으로는 별 영향이 없더라도 여러 화합물이 복합적으로 존재할 때 나타나는 독성작용에 대한 평가는 더욱이 어렵다. 그러므로 이러한 영향을 종합적으로 평가할 수 있는 생물검정법이 토양의 독성 평가에서 화학분석법을 보완하는 평가방법으로서의 중요성은 충분하다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 생물독성법의 유용성을 높이기 위해서는 생물검정법의 시료 추출방법 개선과 실험의 재현성을 높이기 위한 노력이 필요하리라 생각된다. 따라서 이런 생물검정법의 많은 제약에도 불구하고 환경의 종합적인 평가에 있어서 생물검정법의 중요성은 대단히 크며 직접적으로 생물을 이용하는 방법뿐만 아니라 유전독성 평가 방법 등 다양한 방법들이 환경독성 평가에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Bioassay was employed to assess toxicity of soil which had been treated with sewage sludges for seven years. The Microtox^(?) and root elongation test of lettuce (Lactuca Saliva) elucidated that the intensity of soil toxicity was closely related with the types and amount of sewage sludges applied. Both bioassay methods proved to be useful in an assessment of soil toxicity and were consistent to some extent with the conventional chemical analysis methods. EC_(50) values resulted from Microtox^(?) were highly correlated with concentration of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludges : Cu (r²= 0.86^(**)), Cr (r²= 0.84^(**)), Ni (r²= 0.83^(**)), and Zn (r²= 0.69^(**)). This demonstrated that both bioassay techniques could be employed as tools for soil toxicity assessment when the soil was exposed to solid wastes such as sewage sludge.
임신 종결 후 발생한 자궁 동정맥 누공에서 자궁동맥색전술로 치료한 1예
김종민,이해혁,김태희,남계현,심일구,이권해,김형문,이임순,장종호 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2
Arteriovenous fistula of uterus is rarely reported disease. This vascular malformation is very dangerous condition because Dilatation & curettage can cause massive uterine bleeding without accurate diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by angiography, gray scale ultrasonography, color and duplex doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging is helpful. Especially color and duplex doppler ultrasonography is allows convincing detection and diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula. Recently transcatheter uterine artery embolization is treatment of choice. We have experienced a case of arteriovenous fistula of uterus. Which is presented with a brief review of literature.
Los recursos naturales y el conflicto de autonomia en Bolivia
( Nam Kwon Mun ) 한국스페인어문학회 2010 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.57
Bolivia has been suffering from autonomy conflict for long time since the independence. The regionalism of Bolivia is based on many factors like race, culture, and social class etc. The bolivian internal conflict got worse with the new government of Evo Morales Ayma after 2005. The reformist politics of Evo Morales has clashed against economic interests of east prefectures and it`s oligarchic elites. The redistribution of hydrocarbon revenues and agrarian reform are the main causes of this conflict. Morales government cut the IDH quota for eastern prefectures and channelled it into western local governments and old people`s pension fund. Also the confiscation of latifundios and communal redirection of arable land are provoking resistance of large landowners. However, for the moment the conflict is in truce, cause the new constitution of Bolivia has reflected various visions of different political actors. Bolivian conflict is still latent because it still remains how to reconcile the contradictory economic interests in the forthcoming new decrees that will deal with the issues of powers and jurisdictions of different levels of governments in Bolivia.
문남권(Nam-Kwon Mun) 한국라틴아메리카학회 2006 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.19 No.3
Korea-Chile Free Trade Agreement accomplished it's second anniversary this year. This treaty has several important meanings to two parties. As it's first regional economy integration bloc, Korea has expected to get “Learning effect” as well as the export increase. Also this trade bloc means for Chile the first market integration with Asian country. This paper focuses on analyzing the “Static Effect” that might have caused this trade bloc in it's implementation process. Generally speaking, regional economic integration have “Static”, “Dynamic”, and “Institutional” effects to the intra-bloc participants. Korea-Chile FTA is characterized as the trade liberalization focused FTA. Because of it's institutional design, this FTA could have more strong static effect than dynamic or institutional effects. The static effect means the economic consequences that bring the elimination of tariff, that is, the trade liberalization among intra-bloc parties. The research shows that there have been in limited scope the trade diversion in favor of the member nation of the bilateral FTA. The tariff elimination have certain correlation with the trade flow. But also it's necessary to bear in mind that there are many factors intervening in the trade flow.
문남권(Mun, Nam-Kwon),이주영(Lee Joo-Young) 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2016 중남미연구 Vol.35 No.3
This article analyzes the relationship between free trade and environmental performance of Mexico since the trade liberalization in the 1990s. There has been a hot debate about the trade effect on the environment. Those who are in favor of trade liberalization argue that free trade increases income and improve the environment. But environmentalists have argued that the asymmetric free trade between Mexico and United States would deteriorate Mexican environment because it would make Mexico a pollution haven. An analysis of composition effect, which is the compositional change of Mexican industry since NAFTA, has showed that the contaminant industries have grown in Mexican economy. But the environmental performance analysis also demonstrated that the pollution has not deteriorated at the same pace as the contaminant industries" growth. The carbon monoxide emissions are diminishing, and ozone and sulfur dioxide are the main polluters now. Through the analysis, it"s proved that the regulation effect of NAFTA played an important role in the improvement of Mexican environment.