High Energy Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation and Annealing Effects on DC Electrical Characteristics of 200 GHz SiGe HBTs

Vinayakprasanna N. Hegde,K.C. Praveen,T.M. Pradeep,N. Pushpa,John D. Cressler,Ambuj Tripathi,K. Asokan,A.P. Gnana Prakash 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.5

The total ionizing dose (TID) and non ionizing energy loss (NIEL) effects of 100 MeV phosphorous (P7þ)and 80 MeV nitrogen (N6þ) ions on 200 GHz silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGeHBTs) were examined in the total dose range from 1 to 100 Mrad(Si). The in-situ IeV characteristics likeGummel characteristics, excess base current (DIB), net oxide trapped charge (NOX), current gain (hFE),avalanche multiplication (M 1), neutral base recombination (NBR) and output characteristics (IC-VCE)were analysed before and after irradiation. The significant degradation in device parameters wasobserved after 100 MeV P7þ and 80 MeV N6þ ion irradiation. The 100 MeV P7þ ions create more damagein the SiGe HBT structure and in turn degrade the electrical characteristics of SiGe HBTs more whencompared to 80 MeV N6þ. The SiGe HBTs irradiated up to 100 Mrad of total dose were annealed from50 C to 400 C in different steps for 30 min duration in order to study the recovery of electrical characteristics. The recovery factors (RFs) are employed to analyse the contribution of room temperature andisochronal annealing in total recovery.

Synthesis of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes from Schiff base Ligand and Reactivity Studies with Thermosetting Epoxy Resin

Lakshmi, B.,Shivananda, K.N.,Prakash, Gouda Avaji,Rama, Krishna Reddy K.,Mahendra, K.N. Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.5

A hybrid thermosetting maleimido epoxy compound 4-(N-maleimidophenyl) glycidylether (N-MPGE) containing Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions was prepared by curing N-MPGE and tetradentate Schiff base Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The curing polymerization reaction of N-MPGE with metal complexes as curing agents was studied. The cured samples were studied for thermal stability, chemical (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance and homogeneity of the cured systems. The tetradentate Schiff base, 3-[(Z)-2-piperazin-1-yl-ethylimino]-1,3-dihydro indol-2-one was synthesized by the condensation of Isatin (Indole-2, 3-dione) with 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEP). Its complexes with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, conductivity, Uv-Visible, FT-IR, TGA and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The spectral data revealed that the ligand acts as a neutral tetradentate Schiff base and coordinating through the azomethine nitrogen, two piperazine nitrogen atoms and carbonyl oxygen.

Synthesis of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes from Schiff base Ligand and Reactivity Studies with Thermosetting Epoxy Resin

B. Lakshmi,Krishna Reddy K. Rama,Gouda Avaji Prakash,K. N. Shivananda,K. N. Mahendra 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.5

A hybrid thermosetting maleimido epoxy compound 4-(N-maleimidophenyl) glycidylether (N-MPGE) containing Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions was prepared by curing N-MPGE and tetradentate Schiff base Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The curing polymerization reaction of N-MPGE with metal complexes as curing agents was studied. The cured samples were studied for thermal stability, chemical (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance and homogeneity of the cured systems. The tetradentate Schiff base, 3-[(Z)-2-piperazin-1-yl-ethylimino]-1,3-dihydro indol-2-one was synthesized by the condensation of Isatin (Indole-2, 3-dione) with 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEP). Its complexes with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, conductivity, Uv-Visible, FT-IR, TGA and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The spectral data revealed that the ligand acts as a neutral tetradentate Schiff base and coordinating through the azomethine nitrogen, two piperazine nitrogen atoms and carbonyl oxygen

Mathematical Modeling on AC Pollution Flashover Performance of Glass and Composite Insulator

Prakash, N.B.,Parvathavarthini, M.,Madavan, R. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.4

While considering the current scenario, in this world power demand goes on increases day by day. Frequent power outages occur in high voltage transmission line due to the deprived performance of polluted insulators; this affects overall operation of power system and may indirectly impinge on the growth of production sector. Many researchers are keenly taking efforts to provide highly reliable and stable power to neediest. In this paper, A.C pollution flashover performance of disc type glass insulator and composite long rod insulators investigation under various artificial pollutions by varying Equivalent Salt Density Deposition (ESDD) levels. Here, we use different types of pollution methods like binding method, dipping method and spraying methods with different types of pollutants concentration. Based on dimensional analysis, four different Mathematical models have been developed to predict the A.C pollution Flashover Voltage (FOV) of insulators. Both the experimental and mathematically modeled results are compared; it's observed that mathematical model 3 yields better results.

New Test Case Prioritization Technique for Regression Testing

N. Prakash,T.R Rangaswamy 한국멀티미디어학회 2010 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-

Prioritizing test cases will reasonably reduce the testing effort and cover the maximum faults at the earliest with minimum number of test cases during regression testing after modification of the code. Enormous literature addressed the prioritization problems. But all focused on the single procedure oriented software. Researchers have used Meta-heuristic and evolutionary algorithms to prioritize the test cases. Those algorithms will take little effort and consume reasonable time to prioritize the test cases. The proposed algorithm reduces the computational time and optimally prioritizes the test case. The proposed algorithm is assessed using two standard application, Bank ATM Systems and Student Marks Analyzing System for the practicality of the proposed algorithm. The empirical studies show that the proposed method is significantly improving the rate of code coverage.

Mathematical Modeling on AC Pollution Flashover Performance of Glass and Composite Insulator

N.B.Prakash,M.Parvathavarthini,R.Madavan 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.4

While considering the current scenario, in this world power demand goes on increases day by day. Frequent power outages occur in high voltage transmission line due to the deprived performance of polluted insulators; this affects overall operation of power system and may indirectly impinge on the growth of production sector. Many researchers are keenly taking efforts to provide highly reliable and stable power to neediest. In this paper, A.C pollution flashover performance of disc type glass insulator and composite long rod insulators investigation under various artificial pollutions by varying Equivalent Salt Density Deposition (ESDD) levels. Here, we use different types of pollution methods like binding method, dipping method and spraying methods with different types of pollutants concentration. Based on dimensional analysis, four different Mathematical models have been developed to predict the A.C pollution Flashover Voltage (FOV) of insulators. Both the experimental and mathematically modeled results are compared; it’s observed that mathematical model 3 yields better results.

Experimental investigation on flexural behaviour of HSS stud connected steel-concrete composite girders

Amar Prakash,N.Anandavalli,C.K.Madheswaran,N.Lakshmanan 국제구조공학회 2012 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.13 No.3

In this paper, experimental investigations on high strength steel (HSS) stud connected steelconcrete composite (SCC) girders to understand the effect of shear connector density on their flexural behaviour is presented. SCC girder specimens were designed for three different shear capacities (100%, 85%,and 70%), by varying the number of stud connectors in the shear span. Three SCC girder specimens were tested under monotonic/quasi-static loading, while three similar girder specimens were subjected to nonreversal cyclic loading under simply supported end conditions. Details of casting the specimens, experimental set-up, and method of testing, instrumentation for the measurement of deflection, interface-slip and strain are discussed. It is found that SCC girder specimen designed for full shear capacity exhibits interface slip for loads beyond 25% of the ultimate load capacity. Specimens with lesser degree of shear connection show lower values of load at initiation of slip. Very good ductility is exhibited by all the HSS stud connected SCC girder specimens. It is observed that the ultimate moment of resistance as well as ductility gets reduced for HSS stud connected SCC girder with reduction in stud shear connector density. Efficiency factor indicating the effectiveness of high strength stud connectors in resisting interface forces is estimated to be 0.8 from the analysis. Failure mode is primarily flexure with fracturing of stud connectors and characterised by flexural cracking and crushing of concrete at top in the pure bending region. Local buckling in the top flange of steel beam was also observed at the loads near to failure, which is influenced by spacing of studs and top flange thickness of rolled steel section. One of the recommendations is that the ultimate load capacity can be limited to 1.5 times the plastic moment capacity of the section such that the post peak load reduction is kept within limits. Load-deflection behaviour for monotonic tests compared well with the envelope of load-deflection curves for cyclic tests. It is concluded from the experimental investigations that use of HSS studs will reduce their numbers for given loading, which is advantageous in case of long spans. Buckling of top flange of rolled section is observed at failure stage. Provision of lips in the top flange is suggested to avoid this buckling. This is possible in case of longer spans, where normally built-up sections are used.

Interrelationships Between Follicular Size, Estradiol-17β, Progesterone and Testosterone Concentrations in Individual Buffalo Overian Follicles

Palta, P.,Bansal, N.,Manik, R.S.,Prakash, B.S.,Madan, M.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.3

This study was undertaken to measure the concentrations of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, progesterone and testosterone, and to study their relationship with each other and with follicular size in individual buffalo ovarian follicles categorized as small (4 to 5 mm diameter), medium (6 to 9 mm diameter) and large (${\geq}10mm$ diameter). Steroid hormone concentrations varied markedly within follicles of each size category. Estradiol-$17{\beta}$ concentrations (pmol/ml) were positively related to follicular diameter (R = 0.34, n = 308, p < 0.001) and were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in large (1$118.46{\pm}30.25$), compared to those in medium follicles ($50.32{\pm}8.29$) which, in turn were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those in small follicles ($19.70{\pm}$5.57). Progesterone and testosterone concentrations (pmol/ml) were not related to follicular diameter and were not different among small ($330.99{\pm}27.32$ and $17.68{\pm}2.44$ respectively), medium ($384.84{\pm}26.20$ and $36.47{\pm}4.55$, respectively) and large follicles ($253.25{\pm}32.23$ and $22.57{\pm}4.48$, respectively). Estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesterone concentrations were positively related (R = 0.39, n = 47, p < 0.01) in small, unrelated in medium and negatively related in large follicles (R = -0.59, n = 23, p < 0.01). There was no relationship between estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and testosterone concentrations in follicles of all the three size categories. Progesterone and testosterone concentrations were positively related in large follicles (R = 0.57, n = 18, p < 0.02). There was no relationship between the two hormones in small and medium sized follicles. When the follicles with estradiol-$17{\beta}$/progesterone molar ratios of > 1.00 were considered non-atretic, and the rest at different stages of atresia, 197/208(95%) follicles were found to be atretic.

Parametric study on lightweight concrete-encased short columns under axial compression-Comparison of design codes

N. Divyah,R. Prakash,S. Srividhya,A. Sivakumar 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.83 No.3

The practice of using encased steel-concrete columns in medium to high-rise structures has expanded dramatically in recent years. The study evaluates existing methodologies and codal guidelines for estimating the ultimate load-carrying characteristics of concrete-encased short columns experimentally. The present condition of composite column design methods was analyzed using the Egyptian code ECP203-2007, the American Institute of Steel Construction’s AISC-LRFD-2010, Eurocode EC-4, the American Concrete Institute’s ACI-318-2014, and the British Standard BS-5400-5. According to the codes, the axial load carrying characteristics of both the encased steel and concrete sections was examined. The effect of load-carrying capacities in different forms of encased steel sections on encased steel-concrete columns was studied experimentally. The axial load carrying capacity of twelve concrete-encased columns and four conventional reinforced columns were examined. The conclusion is that the confinement was not taken into account when forecasting the strength and ductility of the encased concrete, resulting in considerable disparities between codal provisions and experimental results. The configuration of the steel section influenced the confining effect. Better confinement is achieved with the laced and battened section than with the infilled steel tube reinforced and conventionally reinforced section. The ECP203-2007 code reported the most conservative results of all the codes used.

Fuzzy solutions of Abel differential equations using Residual power series method

N. Nithyadevi,P. Prakash 한국전산응용수학회 2023 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.41 No.1

In this article, we find the approximate solutions of Abel differential equation (ADE) with uncertainty using residual power series (RPS) method. This method helps to calculate the sequence of solutions of ADE. Finally, numerical illustrations demonstrate the applicability of the method.