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Lakshmi, B.,Shivananda, K.N.,Prakash, Gouda Avaji,Isloor, Arun M.,Mahendra, K.N. Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.2
A novel malemide epoxy containing Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions have been synthesized by curing malemide epoxy resin (MIEB-13) and Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of macrocyclic bis-hydrazone Schiff base. The Schiff base was synthesized by reacting 1,4-dicarbnyl phenyl dihydrazide with 2,6-diformyl-4-methyl phenol. The Schiff base and its Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, spectral (IR, $^1H$ NMR, UV-vis., FAB mass, ESR), thermal and magnetic data. The curing reaction of maleimide epoxy compound with metal complexes was studied as curing agents. The stability of cured samples was studied by thermo-gravimetric analyses and which have excellent chemical (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance. Further, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and definitional scanning colorimetric (DSC) techniques were confirmed the phase homogeneity of the cured systems.
Electrical transport properties of Au/SiO2/n-GaN MIS structure in a wide temperature range
B. Prasanna Lakshmi,M. Siva Pratap Reddy,A. Ashok Kumar,V. Rajagopal Reddy 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.3
The temperature-dependent electrical properties of Au/SiO2/n-GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS)structure have been investigated in the temperature range of 120e390 K. Anomalous strong temperature dependencies of the barrier height (φbo), ideality factor (n), interface state density (NSS) and series resistance (RS) are obtained. Such behaviour is attributed to barrier inhomogeneities by assuming a Gaussian distribution of barrier heights (GD BHs) at the interface. It is evident that the diode parameters such as zero-bias barrier height increases and the ideality factor decreases with increasing temperature. The values of series resistance that are obtained from Cheung’s method is decreasing with increasing in temperature. The temperature-dependent currentevoltage characteristics of the MIS diode have been shown a double Gaussian distribution giving mean barrier heights of 0.38 eV and 1.06 eV and standard deviations of 0.0561 and 0.2742 V, respectively. A modified ln (Io/T2) - q2so 2/2k2T2 versus 103/T plot for the two temperature regions gives 4bo and A* as 0.55 eV and 11.56 A cm-2 K-2, and 1.02 eV and 23.48 A cm-2 K-2 respectively. The Interface state density values are calculated by IeV and CeV measurements at different temperatures using Terman’s method. It is observed that the interface state density decreases with increase in temperature (120e390 K). Therefore, it has been concluded that the temperature dependence of the forward IeV characteristics of the Au/SiO2/n-GaN Schottky diodes can be explained with a double GD of the BHs.
B. Lakshmi,Krishna Reddy K. Rama,Gouda Avaji Prakash,K. N. Shivananda,K. N. Mahendra 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.5
A hybrid thermosetting maleimido epoxy compound 4-(N-maleimidophenyl) glycidylether (N-MPGE) containing Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions was prepared by curing N-MPGE and tetradentate Schiff base Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The curing polymerization reaction of N-MPGE with metal complexes as curing agents was studied. The cured samples were studied for thermal stability, chemical (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance and homogeneity of the cured systems. The tetradentate Schiff base, 3-[(Z)-2-piperazin-1-yl-ethylimino]-1,3-dihydro indol-2-one was synthesized by the condensation of Isatin (Indole-2, 3-dione) with 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEP). Its complexes with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, conductivity, Uv-Visible, FT-IR, TGA and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The spectral data revealed that the ligand acts as a neutral tetradentate Schiff base and coordinating through the azomethine nitrogen, two piperazine nitrogen atoms and carbonyl oxygen
Lakshmi, B.,Shivananda, K.N.,Prakash, Gouda Avaji,Rama, Krishna Reddy K.,Mahendra, K.N. Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.5
A hybrid thermosetting maleimido epoxy compound 4-(N-maleimidophenyl) glycidylether (N-MPGE) containing Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions was prepared by curing N-MPGE and tetradentate Schiff base Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The curing polymerization reaction of N-MPGE with metal complexes as curing agents was studied. The cured samples were studied for thermal stability, chemical (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance and homogeneity of the cured systems. The tetradentate Schiff base, 3-[(Z)-2-piperazin-1-yl-ethylimino]-1,3-dihydro indol-2-one was synthesized by the condensation of Isatin (Indole-2, 3-dione) with 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEP). Its complexes with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, conductivity, Uv-Visible, FT-IR, TGA and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The spectral data revealed that the ligand acts as a neutral tetradentate Schiff base and coordinating through the azomethine nitrogen, two piperazine nitrogen atoms and carbonyl oxygen.
B. Lakshmi,K. N. Shivananda,Gouda Avaji Prakash,Arun M Isloor,K. N. Mahendra 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.2
A novel malemide epoxy containing Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions have been synthesized by curing malemide epoxy resin (MIEB-13) and Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of macrocyclic bis-hydrazone Schiff base. The Schiff base was synthesized by reacting 1,4-dicarbnyl phenyl dihydrazide with 2,6-diformyl-4-methyl phenol. The Schiff base and its Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses,spectral (IR, 1H NMR, UV-vis., FAB mass, ESR), thermal and magnetic data. The curing reaction of maleimide epoxy compound with metal complexes was studied as curing agents. The stability of cured samples was studied by thermo-gravimetric analyses and which have excellent chemical (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance. Further, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and definitional scanning colorimetric (DSC) techniques were confirmed the phase homogeneity of the cured systems.
Synthesis, Characterization and Curing Studies of Thermosetting Epoxy Resin with Amines
Lakshmi, B.,Shivananda, K.N.,Mahendra, K.N. Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.8
A new hybrid thermosetting maleimido epoxy compound 4-(N-maleimidophenyl) glycidylether (N-MPGE) is prepared by reacting N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) maleimide (HPM) with Epichlorohydrin by using benzyltrimethylammonium chloride as a catalyst. The resulting compound possesses both the oxirane ring and maleimide group. The curing reaction of these maleimidophenyl glycidylether epoxy compound (N-MPGE) with amines as curing agents such as ethylendiamine (EDA), diethylentriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA), aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) and isophoronediamine, IPDA), are studied. Incorporation of maleimide groups in the epichlorohydrin provides cyclic imide structure and high cross-linking density to the cured resins. The cured samples exhibited good thermal stability, excellent chemical (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance. Morphological studies by the SEM technique further confirmed the phase homogeneity net work of the cured systems.
Impact of CIGS, CdS and i – ZnO film thickness, tem perature on efficiency enhancement of CIGS sola
Deepa Lakshmi.B,Rajendran RS,Jackrit Suthakorn,Branesh M. Pillai 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2022 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.23 No.6
In an attempt to enhance solar light photon to electron transformation proficiency of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)solar cells, computational exploration has been accomplished through numerical simulation. The SCAPS program was utilizedto simulate enactment of CIGS. The electrical, optical properties of CIGS such as band diagram, current density,recombination current, IPCE and current – voltage efficiency was analyzed. The electrical, physical properties, thicknesses ofindividual layers comprising CIGS, CdS and ZnO were optimized along with their operating temperature. The CIGS solarcell efficiency analysis was executed and analyzed in the AM1.5 spectrum. The depth of CIGS, CdS and ZnO layers in CIGSsolar cell determines the efficiency. The simulated optimization of CIGS properties is encouraging for enhancing the CIGSsolar cell proficiency.
Biosynthesis of Xylobiose: A Strategic Way to Enrich the Value of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber
( Lakshmi G ),( Suvarna B ),( Uma Rejeswari ),( R S Prakasham ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.8
Xylooligosaccharides are functional foods mainly produced during the hydrolysis of xylan by physical, chemical, or enzymatic methods. In this study, production of xylobiose was investigated using oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFB) as a source material, by chemical and enzymatic methods. Xylanase-specific xylan hydrolysis followed by xylobiose production was observed. Among different xylanases, xylanase from FXY-1 released maximum xylobiose from pretreated OPEFB fiber, and this fungal strain was identified as Aspergillus terreus and subsequently deposited under the accession Number MTCC- 8661. The imperative role of lignin on xylooligosaccharides enzymatic synthesis was exemplified with the notice of xylobiose production only with delignified material. A maximum 262 mg of xylobiose was produced from 1.0 g of pretreated OPEFB fiber using FXY-1 xylanase (6,200 U/ml) at pH 6.0 and 45oC. At optimized environment, the yield of xylobiose was improved to 78.67 g/100 g (based on xylan in the pretreated OPEFB fiber).