http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Effects of plant-derived smoke on the growth dynamics of Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Kamran, Muhammad,Khan, Abdul Latif,Waqas, Muhammad,Imran, Qari Muhammad,Hamayun, Muhammad,Kang, Sang-Mo,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Kim, Min-Ji,Lee, In-Jung Taylor Francis 2014 Acta agriculturæ Scandinavica. Section B, So Vol.64 No.2
Kamran, Muhammad,Javed, Nazir,Ullah, Ihsan,Nazir, Shahid,Jamil, Shakra,Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar,Abbas, Huma,Khan, Sajid Aleem,Haq, Muhammad Ehetisham ul The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.1
A great variable response was observed when PP-3 and PP-J encumbered with 116 populations of root knot nematode (RKN) at two different temperatures ($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and concentrations ($10^4$ and $10^5$ spores/ml). The PCR reaction amplified intergenic region between cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (COII) and large subunit of rRNA gene (lrRNA) of the mitochondrial genome of different RKN species. The primer C2F3 and 1108 identified M. incognita with the highest frequency (52.6%) followed by M. javanica (36.8%) and M. arenaria (10.5%). The sizes of PCR products were 1.7 kb for M. incognita and M. javanica populations while populations of M. arenaria produced 1.1 kb fragment. The digestion with Hinf I yielded three different fragment length patterns on 1.5 % agarose gel. From current research it is concluded that intra-Meloidogyne genetic variability exist in RKN populations which have better encumbrance with P. penetrans.
Muhammad Kamran,Nazir Javed,Ihsan Ullah,Shahid Nazir,Shakra Jamil,Muhammad Zafar Iqbal,Huma Abbas,Sajid Aleem Khan,Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.1
A great variable response was observed when PP-3 and PP-J encumbered with 116 populations of root knot nematode (RKN) at two different temperatures (25 ± 2°C and 30 ± 2°C) and concentrations (104 and 105 spores/ml). The PCR reaction amplified intergenic region between cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (COII) and large subunit of rRNA gene (lrRNA) of the mitochondrial genome of different RKN species. The primer C2F3 and 1108 identified M. incognita with the highest frequency (52.6%) followed by M. javanica (36.8%) and M. arenaria (10.5%). The sizes of PCR products were 1.7 kb for M. incognita and M. javanica populations while populations of M. arenaria produced 1.1 kb fragment. The digestion with Hinf I yielded three different fragment length patterns on 1.5 % agarose gel. From current research it is concluded that intra-Meloidogyne genetic variability exist in RKN populations which have better encumbrance with P. penetrans.
Saira Sattar,Muhammad Imran,Zarina Mushtaq,Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad,Muhammad Sajid Arshad,Melvin Holmes,Joanne Maycock,Muhammad Faisal Nisar,Muhammad Kamran Khan 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.10
The peach functional beverages pasteurized for10 min at 90 C, microwaved for 1.5 min at 850 W ofpower and sonicated for 90 min at 20 kHz of frequencywere selected to keep in storage for up to 30 days inrefrigerator to examine the changes happened to theirphysicochemical characteristics and functional components. It was observed that the pH and the cloud values ofall processed juice samples reduces with the storage time,whereas, the total soluble solids almost remain consistentparticularly in microwave and ultrasound treated samples. While storage period causes the decrement in total phenoliccontent (TPC) and total flavonoid content of treated beveragesamples, but ultrasound processing showed greaterretention of TPC value up to 5.7% more than other techniquesduring storage. The similar trend was observed forantioxidant activity where the ultrasound treatment showedimproved free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)scavenging activities except ferric ion reducing antioxidantpower after 30 days of storage.
The Relations Between Pakistan and China
Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.11 No.2
Pakistan and China are exemplary friends and their friendship has laid down indelible imprints on the sand of time. the geographical proximity and mutuality of interest are the key features to promote bilateral relations. Pakistan and China assisted each other in different sectors to strengthen their friendship bond. Pakistan and China have a deep-rooted strategic partnership that spans several decades. This partnership is based on shared interests and mutual trust. Both countries have consistently supported each other on various international issues. Economic cooperation is a cornerstone of the Pakistan-China relationship. China has invested significantly in Pakistan through various infrastructure projects, including the China- Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which aims to connect China's western region to Pakistan's Gwadar Port through a network of roads, railways, and pipelines. This project is seen as a game-changer for Pakistan's economy. Pakistan and China have a growing trade relationship. China is one of Pakistan's largest trading partners, and the two countries have signed several agreements to enhance trade and reduce trade barriers. Pakistan exports various products to China, including textiles, agricultural goods, and seafood. Pakistan and China have a long history of military cooperation. they conduct joint military exercises and have a history of arms sales and technology transfers. the collaboration in the defense sector is an important aspect of their relationship. Both countries often support each other diplomatically in international forums. there are cultural exchanges and cooperation in education and tourism between the two countries. This helps foster people-to-people connections and a better understanding of each other's cultures. the Pakistan-China relationship has significant geopolitical implications, particularly in the context of South Asia. It provides China with a strategic foothold in the region and access to the Arabian Sea through Gwadar Port. It also has implications for the balance of power in the region, particularly in relation to India.
Optimal hemodynamic response model for functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Kamran, Muhammad A.,Jeong, Myung Yung,Mannan, Malik M. N. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015 Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience Vol.9 No.-
<P>Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging non-invasive brain imaging technique and measures brain activities by means of near-infrared light of 650–950 nm wavelengths. The cortical hemodynamic response (HR) differs in attributes at different brain regions and on repetition of trials, even if the experimental paradigm is kept exactly the same. Therefore, an HR model that can estimate such variations in the response is the objective of this research. The canonical hemodynamic response function (cHRF) is modeled by two Gamma functions with six unknown parameters (four of them to model the shape and other two to scale and baseline respectively). The HRF model is supposed to be a linear combination of HRF, baseline, and physiological noises (amplitudes and frequencies of physiological noises are supposed to be unknown). An objective function is developed as a square of the residuals with constraints on 12 free parameters. The formulated problem is solved by using an iterative optimization algorithm to estimate the unknown parameters in the model. Inter-subject variations in HRF and physiological noises have been estimated for better cortical functional maps. The accuracy of the algorithm has been verified using 10 real and 15 simulated data sets. Ten healthy subjects participated in the experiment and their HRF for finger-tapping tasks have been estimated and analyzed. The statistical significance of the estimated activity strength parameters has been verified by employing statistical analysis (i.e., <I>t</I>-value > <I>t</I><SUB>critical</SUB> and <I>p</I>-value < 0.05).</P>
How Rule of Law Complement Economic Development
Muhammad Yousaf Kakar,Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2021 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.5 No.3
The rule of law and legal systems are seen as precondition for longterm economic growth. The weakness of legal system in the developing world is seen as the major problem in economic growth. Therefore, strengthening the rule of law and legal systems is required for the economic development for the developing world. The rule of law, on the other hand, is a multidimensional concept that consists variety of separate components ranging from personals security, property protection, government accountability and control of corruption. The rule of law is required at the National level to create a good environment for generating sustainable livelihoods and reducing poverty. It’s also promotes development by empowering individuals and communities, assuring access to justice, ensuring due process, and establishing remedies for human rights violations. More so, security of livelihoods, shelter, tenure and contracts can enable and empower the poor to defend themselves against violations of their rights. Legal empowerment promotes and improves economic prospects in addition to providing legal remedies. For the achievement of sustainable development goals, all human rights, including economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as the right to development, must be protected by implementation of legal system of the country. Further rule of law may provide a legal framework, contractual clarity, and conflict resolution process that aid economic growth and development.