Morin Protects Acute Liver Damage by Carbon Tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in Rat

Lee, Hee-Seung,Jung, Kyung-Hee,Hong, Sang-Won,Park, In-Sub,Lee, Chong-Mu,Han, Hyo-Kyung,Lee, Don-Haeng,Hong, Soon-Sun 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.9

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible beneficial effects of morin on $CCl_4$-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats received a single dose of $CCl_4$ ($150{\mu}L$/100 g 1:1 in corn oil). Morin treatment (20 mg/kg) was given at 48, 24, and 2 h before $CCl_4$ administration. $CCl_4$ challenge elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, but these effects were prevented by the pretreatment of rats with morin. To identify the mechanism of protective activity of morin in $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, we investigated expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS). The expressions of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and iNOS were increased by $CCl_4$ treatment and increased expressions of those were decreased by morin. These findings suggest that morin prevents acute liver damage by inhibiting the production of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and iNOS.

Control of IPMC-based Artificial Muscle for Myoelectric Hand Prosthesis

Lee Myoung-Joon,Jung Sung-Hee,Moon Inhyuk,Lee Sukmin,Mun Mu-Seong The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 2005 의공학회지 Vol.26 No.5

This paper proposes an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) based artificial muscle to be applicable to the Myoelectric hand prosthesis. The IPMC consists of a thin polymer membrane with metal electrodes plated chemically on both faces, and it is widely applying to the artificial muscle because it is driven by relatively low input voltage. The control commands for the IPMC-based artificial muscle is given by electromyographic (EMG) signals obtained from human forearm. By an intended contraction of the human flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles, we investigated the actuation behavior of the IPMC-based artificial muscle. To obtain higher actuation force of the IPMC, the single layered as thick as $800[{\mu}m]$ or multi-layered IPMC of which each layer can be as thick as $178[{\mu}m]$ are prepared. As a result, the bending force was up to the maximum 12[gf] from 1[gf] by actuating the single layered IPMC with $178[{\mu}m]$, but the bending displacement was reduced to 6[mm] from 30[mm]. The experimental results using an implemented IPMC control system show a possibility and a usability of the bio-mimetic artificial muscle.

UHF RFID 태그 칩용 저전력, 저면적 비동기식 EEPROM 설계

백승면,이재형,송성영,김종희,박문훈,하판봉,김영희,Baek, Seung-Myun,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Song, Sung-Young,Kim, Jong-Hee,Park, Mu-Hun,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.12

본 논문에서는 $0.18{\mu}m$의 EEPROM cell을 사용하여 수동형 UHF RFID 태그 칩에 사용되는 저전력, 저면적의 1Kbits 비동기식 EEPROM IP를 설계하였다. 저면적 회로 설계 기술로는 $0.18{\mu}m$ EEPROM 공정을 이용하여 비동기식 EEPROM IP를 설계하므로 command buffer와 address buffer를 제거하였고 separate I/O 방식을 사용하므로 tri-state 데이터 출력 버퍼(data output buffer)를 제거하였다. 그리고 저전압(low voltage)의 VDD에서 EEPROM cell이 필요로 하는 고전압(high voltage)인 VPP와 VPPL 전압을 안정적으로 공급하기 위해 기존의 PN 접합 다이오드 대신 Schottky 다이오드를 사용한 Dickson 전하펌프를 설계하므로 전하펌프의 펌핑단(pumping stage)의 수를 줄여 전하펌프가 차지하는 면적을 줄였다. 저전력 회로 설계 기술로 Dickson 전하 펌프(charge pump)를 이용하여 VPP generator를 만들고 Dickson 전하펌프의 임의의 노드 전압을 이용하여 프로그램과 지우기 모드에서 각각 필요로 하는 VPPL 전압을 선택하도록 하게 해주는 VPPL 전원 스위칭 회로를 제안하여 쓰기전류(write current)를 줄이므로 저전력 EEPROM IP를 구현하였다. $0.18{\mu}m$ 공정을 이용하여 설계된 비동기식 EEPROM용 테스트 칩은 제작 중에 있으며, 비동기식 1Kbits EEPROM의 레이아웃 면적은 $554.8{\times}306.9{\mu}m2$로 동기식 1Kbits EEPROM에 비해 레이아웃면적을 11% 정도 줄였다. In this paper, a low-power and small-area asynchronous 1 kilobit EEPROM for passive UHF RFID tag chips is designed with $0.18{\mu}m$ EEPROM cells. As small area solutions, command and address buffers are removed since we design asynchronous I/O interface and data output buffer is also removed by using separate I/O. To supply stably high voltages VPP and VPPL used in the cell array from low voltage VDD, Dickson charge pump is designed with schottky diodes instead of a PN junction diodes. On that account, we can decrease the number of stages of the charge pump, which can decrease layout area of charge pump. As a low-power solution, we can reduce write current by using the proposed VPPL power switching circuit which selects each needed voltage at either program or write mode. A test chip of asynchronous 1 kilobit EEPROM is fabricated, and its layout area is $554.8{\times}306.9{\mu}m2$., 11% smaller than its synchronous counterpart.

문단 정보를 이용한 한국어 형태소 분석

이무상,이은주 大田産業大學校 1998 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.1

본 논문에서는 어절 또는 문장 단위 형태소 분석의 단점인 사전 탐색 대상 단어가 많다는 문제를 해결하기 위해서 문단 단위 형태소 분석 모델을 제시한다. 기존의 문문법 기반의 문장 단위 연구 위주에서 탈피한 문단 단위 분석의 타당성을 검증하기 위해서 중학교, 고등학교, 노동부 교재의 2,166개의 문단, 91,668개의 어절수를 대상으로 한국어 문단 분석을 하였다. 분석 결과 95% ± 0.701인 신뢰 구간에서 문단내 유사 단어 출현 빈도가 34.35%란 값을 얻어서 문단 단위 분석의 타당성을 검증하였다. 검증한 자료를 토대로 제시한 모델을 이용한 한국어 형태소 분석 실험에서 유사 단어 출현 빈도가 41.2%인 한국어 문단에서, 기존의 어절 단위 분석 방법보다 45.1%의 사전 탐색 횟구가 감소되어 제안한 모델의 효율성을 확인하였다.

LAS含有都市下水의 塔式生物膜-活性汚泥混合工程에 依한 處理

李武康,崔基園,林成眞 慶星大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.11 No.3

When the synthetic wastewater including surfactant(LAS) is treated by a series TF-AS system, the results are obtained as follows; 1) It takes approximately 30 days from beginning operation to stabilize effluent concentration of each reactors under LAS conc. condition of 20,200 mg/ℓ. The above test results show that the COD removal rate is 85%, 65% in the TF reactor and 80%, 70% in the AS reactor. Therefore tatal COD removal rate is abtained 97%, 90% in the TF-AS reactors. 2) In order to obtain COD removal rate 70% above from TF reactor, the max. conditions are needed hydraulic loading 3.75ℓ/㎡ COD loading 2.55g/㎡ㆍd, LAS conc. 100 ㎎/ℓ. 3) When hydraulic loading is changed in the treatment of synthetic wastewater (LAS 20㎎/ℓ), the results are came out; Specific constant of media, n is 0.23 and Specific constant of wastewater, k'is 1.38 and the optimum parameter of the design in the TF reactors, k, k₃ is 2.813, 85.87. 4) COD removal rate of a series TF-AS system is obtained 90% over under the condition of the LAS concentration range(20㎎/ℓ-200㎎/ℓ)and also it is founded out that the more LAS concentration is added, the lower COD removal rate becomes. This makes as conclude the surfactant(LAS) causes microbial growth to be hindered by foam covered over biological film.

치과용 자성 어태치먼트의 내구성에 관한 연구

이상훈,정재헌,고영무 대한치과기재학회 1997 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compare the endurance of the commonly used dental magnetic attachments using potentiodynamic polarization method. For this study, 2 kinds of Sm-Co based; Magfit 600 and Magfit 400(G.C.) and 4 kinds of Nd-Fe-B based dental magnetic attachments ; Hicolex Super J(Morita Co.), Magfit EX 600(G.C.), Magfit EX 400(G.C.) and Neomagnet(Preat Corp.) were chosen as a specimen and performed electrochemical corrosion test in 4 electrolyte solutions ; 0.9% NaCl, 1% lactic acid, 0.05% HCI, modified Fusayama's artificial saliva solution. In 4 kinds of electrolyte solutions, the potential scanning was performed starting from -1000mV(SCE) to 1300mV and scan rate was 1.25mV/sec. From this study, we calculated the values of corrosion potential(Ecorr), corrosion rate, pitting potential(Epit), and passivation current density resulted from anodic polarization curves and then obtained physical properties such as changing rate of magnetic flux density, amount of metal ion released, mean average surface roughness values, the changing of surface microhardness values, weight loss of dental magnetic attachments and observed surface of dental magnetic attachments using metallurgical microscope after electrochemical corrosion test. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In potentiodynamic polarization curves, SNM showed the lowest values of pitting potential and the most fast corrosion rate. 2. The amount of released metal was reduced in the order of ME6, SNM, MG4, MG6, ME4 and HSJ and was the greatest in applying the 0.9% NaCl solution and was the least in applying the modified Fusayama's artificial saliva. 3. The order of magnetic flux density was HSJ, MG6, ME6, MG4, ME4, and SNM before corrosion. The decreasing rate of magnetic flux density was the least in case of MG4 and was the greatest in case of SNM after first and second corrosion. The decreasing rate of magnetic flux density of 6 kinds of all magnetic attachments was the least in applying the 1% lactic acid solution. 4. The order of average surface roughness values(Ra) was SNM, MG6, MG4, ME4, ME6 and HSJ before corrosion. Average surface roughness values(Ra) was the greatest in case of SNM and was the least in case of HSJ after first corrosion. ME6 and ME4 showed the greatest increasing rate of average surface roughness values(Ra). 5. The order of average surface microhardness values(V.H.N.) was the least in case of HSJ and was the greatest in case of SNM after first and second corrosion. The decreasing rate of average surface microhardness values of 6 kinds of all magnetic attachments was the least in applying the 1% lactic acid solution. 6. The decreasing rate of weight loss was reduced in the order of ME6, SNM and ME4 after first corrosion and was reduced in the order of ME4, SNM, ME6 after second corrosion. The decreasing rate of weight change showed the greatest in applying the 0.9% NaCl solution and the least in applying the 1% lactic acid after second corrosion. In conclusion, all 6 kinds of dental magnetic attachments showed great decreasing of endurance and much more corrosion resulted in increased the amount of metal ion released, decreased the magnetic flux density, increased the surface roughness values, and highly decreased surface microhardness values and increased the weight loss of dental magnetic attachments. it should be considered that the choice of the commercial dental magnetic attachments was needed properly because their endurance showed differences among each king of products.

실험과 관찰의 보편적인 의미

이동복,이무상 慶北大學校 科學敎育硏究所 2003 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.27 No.-

The Purpose of this paper is to study the standards of experiment and observation and to grasp pedagogic points which science curriculum involves. Observation is visual for capturing meaning with concentrations in which category influence, assumption influence, the theory of cycle, neutralization language and public language have something to do with the establishment of observation standards which needs both the first recognition(unconsciousness) and the second recognition(consciousness),experiment is the behavior which reproduces the phenomenon of nature and interpret the meaning of it. This includes several methods such as method of agreement, method of difference, joint method of agreement and difference, method of residence and method of concomitant variation. The experiment in philosophy of science means making of meaning, in which the logical positivistic analysis of experiment results is more important. This is different from the points of the philosophy of analysis which plans experiment with logical analysis before experimenting. The effects of observation and experiment standards on the general science education is important for the critical image of man and good manner. This is because the observation and experiment function as verification and disproof.

Cis, cis-1,5-Cyclooctadiene Conformer들의 상대적 안정도에 관한 연구

李武相,金聖姬 경북대학교 산업기술연구소 1987 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

The structure and steric energy of various conformations of cis, cis-1, 5-cyclooctadiene (C_2, C_2h, C_3, D_2) were calculated by molecular mechanics Ⅱ. The four conformations are characterized by different distributions of bond length, bond angle, torsional angle and nonbonded distance. The calculated steric energies of the C_2, C_2h, C_3, and D_2 conformations were 15.453, 16.9331, 16.9337 and 17.9644 ㎉/㏖ respectively. The most favorable calculated conformation of cis, cis-1, 5-cyclooctadiene was a twist boat conformation of C_2 symmetry, in agreement with the experimental evidence.

Methylchloride의 Alkyl基置換에 의한 反應成의 理論的 硏究

李武相 慶北大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The relative reactivities of alkyl chlorides are discussed by means of Two center Hu··ckel M.O. Method. Electron densities, bond energies, ionic %, dipole moments between C-CI bond of alkyl chlorides are calculated. A good correlation could be noticed between the observed mean relative reactivities and the calculated M.O, values. In addition, inductive effect of alkyl chlorides are discussed applying the C-CI bond dipole moments and the electron densities.

Methyl di-t-Butyl Carbiny Chloride의 加溶媒分解 反應速度에 관한 理論的 硏究

李武相 慶北大學校 師範大學 1978 敎育硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

Using Two Center Huckel M.O., electron densities and bond energies of Methyl Chloride, t-Butyl Chlo ide and Methyl di-t-Butyl Carbinyl Chloride were calculated. From the results, Methyl di-t-Butyl Carbinyl Chloride has the weakest C-Cl bond and has the largest electron density of chlorine was found. The results strengthen the evidence that inductive effects and steric factors can be of great importance in solvolysis reaction of highly branched chlorides.